Deck 12: Trace Minerals

Question 1

The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg,for young men and women,respectively.Based on this information,iron is a ________ mineral. 

A)trace 
B)conditionally essential 
C)major 
D)possible essential 

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies the same nutrients in amounts that are in a healthy dietary pattern for adults.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 85 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Trace mineral
B)Major mineral
C)Possible essential mineral 
D)Nonessential mineral 

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following minerals is NOT a trace mineral?

A)Zinc
B)Iron
C)Sodium
D)Selenium

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Molybdenum
B)Sodium
C)Phosphorus
D)Potassium

Question 5

In the United States,________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

A)selenium
B)iron
C)calcium
D)magnesium                                                                 

Question 6

A medical researcher is developing a formula for babies that simulates the composition of human breast milk.He wants to fortify the formula so it contains the RDA/AI amounts of all essential nutrients. One of the minerals that he wants to use in the formula has an RDA of 11 mg for infants. According to this information,how should he classify this mineral?

A)Trace mineral
B)Major mineral
C)Minor mineral
D)Electrolytic mineral

Question 7

________ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.

A)Zinc
B)Iron
C)Magnesium
D)Calcium

Question 8

Jared is a vegan.He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________.

A)vitamin A
B)calcium
C)vitamin C
D)copper

Question 9

Lydia's diet lacks ________,which is classified as a trace mineral.

A)copper
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)phosphorus

Question 10

Emma consumes dairy products,but she does not eat meat,fish,eggs or poultry.She eats some vegetables and fruits,but she avoids beans,breads,and cereal products.Based on this information,her diet lacks adequate ________.

A)calcium
B)potassium
C)magnesium
D)iron

Question 11

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Calcium
B)Copper
C)Sulfur
D)Magnesium

Question 12

________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

A)Myoglobin
B)Cytochrome
C)Ferritin
D)Hemoglobin

Question 13

Marty has hemochromatosis.Which of the following supplements should he avoid taking?

A)Vitamin D
B)Vitamin B-12
C)Iron
D)Calcium

Question 14

Which of the following is the best source of heme iron?

A)Beef round
B)Sweet potatoes
C)Peas
D)Raisins

Question 15

Paolo's diet contains high amounts of ________,which is classified as a trace mineral.

A)potassium
B)calcium
C)chromium
D)chloride

Question 16

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans,which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant females?

A)Iron
B)Nickel
C)Silicon
D)Selenium

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a key role of iron in the body?

A)Bone health
B)Cell division
C)Oxygen transport
D)Immune system function

Question 18

________ is an iron-containing protein in muscle that is responsible for oxygen uptake from red blood cells.

A)Myoglobin
B)Hemoglobin
C)Cytochrome
D)Peptide A

Question 19

Jeanette is a vegan concerned about her iron intake.  Which of the following practices would you recommend to Jeanette to increase her iron intake from plant foods?

A)Taking zinc,calcium,and selenium supplements daily
B)Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice
C)Drinking more milk and avoiding in-between-meal snacks
D)Adding cheese to salads and sandwiches

Question 20

Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron?

A)Corn oil margarine
B)Broccoli
C)Beef steak
D)Fat-free milk

Question 21

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Shortness of breath
C)Dizziness
D)Pale skin
E)Coldness in the hands and/or feet

Question 22

Although Tim's body is not zinc deficient,he takes large doses of zinc because his best friend told him it will enhance his athletic performance.He is likely to experience ________ as a result of this practice.

A)enlarged skeletal muscles
B)enhanced reproductive system functioning
C)reduced HDL levels
D)increased hemoglobin production

Question 23

Five-year-old Javiette has been experiencing poor cognitive function over the past several weeks.  Her pediatrician ordered a blood test which indicated Javiette's ferritin levels were low.  Her transferrin receptor levels are elevated,but not significantly.  Based on this information,Javiette is in ________ of iron depletion.

A)stage 2
B)stage 1
C)stage 3

Question 24

Paul is a vegetarian and has been complaining lately from a loss of appetite,diarrhea,hair loss,and skin rush.Based on your knowledge,what mineral is he most likely lacking in his diet?

A)Selenium
B)Carbohydrates
C)Calcium
D)Zinc

Question 25

Which of the following increases iron bioavailability?

A)Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C
B)Consumption of foods rich in calcium
C)Consumption of whole grain foods
D)Taking medications to reduce stomach acidity

Question 26

The body absorbs and uses ________ for synthesizing thyroid hormone.

A)iodide
B)iodine
C)iodine salts
D)potassium iodate

Question 27

________ is the major storage form of iron in the body.

A)Ferritin
B)Transferrin
C)Myoglobin
D)Hemoglobin

Question 28

To enhance the bioavailability of iron,you might recommend all of the following except ________.

A)consuming food sources of nonheme iron
B)consuming leavened bread
C)soaking beans before adding them to a recipe
D)consuming vitamin C at the same meal as iron is consumed

Question 29

Which of the following foods is the richest source of zinc?

A)Beef roast
B)Fried oysters
C)Cooked turkey
D)Roasted sunflower seed kernels

Question 30

Which of the following foods is a good source of zinc?

A)Turkey
B)Strawberries
C)Romaine lettuce
D)Walnuts

Question 31

Foods such as turnips,cabbage,cauliflower,and broccoli contain ________ that inhibit iodide metabolism by the thyroid gland.

A)goitrogens
B)iodinase
C)pica
D)metalloenzymes

Question 32

In the United States,the practice of fortifying ________ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter. 

A)oatmeal products
B)table salt
C)soft drinks
D)processed vegetables

Question 33

Sylvia has hemochromatosis.Which of the following conditions is a common sign or symptom of this disorder?

A)Blocked bile ducts
B)"Bronze" skin
C)Megaloblastic anemia
D)Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 34

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.
B)Goiter often occurs among populations living in areas that lack the mineral iodine.
C)Iodine is required for normal function of the thyroid gland.
D)Adding iodide to table salt has reduced the prevalence of goiter.

Question 35

Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency.As a result of the deficiency,she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ________.

A)type 2 diabetes
B)phenylketonuria
C)cretinism
D)ariboflavinosis

Question 36

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States.

A)anemia
B)pellagra
C)hypogonadism
D)goiter

Question 37

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products,but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread.He is very short for his age;his sexual organs are not fully developed;his intelligence is lower than normal;and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia.Based on this information,the man probably has a(n)________ deficiency.

A)folate
B)zinc
C)vitamin K
D)acetyl CoA

Question 38

Iodine is necessary for ________.

A)carrying oxygen in blood
B)maintaining normal thyroid function
C)transporting proteins in lymph
D)producing properly-formed collagen

Question 39

Which form of iron is more readily absorbed in the human intestinal tract?

A)Heme iron
B)Nonheme iron
C)There is no difference between absorption of heme and nonheme iron

Question 40

Lawrence wants to increase his zinc intake without relying on dietary supplements.Which of the following foods should he avoid eating,because they can interfere with intestinal absorption of zinc?

A)Unleavened whole wheat breads
B)Breaded,fried oysters
C)Grilled hamburger on a bun 
D)Barbequed chicken wings 

Question 41

Consuming too much selenium results in ________.

A)selenosis
B)Keshan disease
C)Kashin-Beck disease
D)cardiomyopathy

Question 42

Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can ________.

A)delay the development of diverticulosis
B)lead to skeletal fluorosis
C)reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron
D)increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur

Question 43

Which of the following is not considered a key function of zinc?

A)Bone health
B)Wound healing
C)Growth and development
D)Sense of taste and smell

Question 44

Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay.Recently,she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs.Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall,she did not break any bones.Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?

A)Taking vitamin K supplements daily
B)Drinking fluoridated water
C)Eating a high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet
D)Chewing iron pills before swallowing them

Question 45

________ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.

A)Cobalamin
B)Boron
C)Chromium
D)Selenium

Question 46

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin?

A)Aluminum
B)Fluoride
C)Selenium
D)Chromium

Question 47

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium?

A)Broccoli
B)Butter
C)Enriched white bread
D)Corn oil

Question 48

Patients with Keshan disease have a form of cardiomyopathy that is caused by selenium deficiency.

Question 49

Which of the following contains the least fluoride?

A)Brewed black tea
B)Light beer
C)White grape juice
D)Brewed coffee

Question 50

Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement.Lately,he's noticed that his fingernails break easily,his hair is falling out,and he's more tired than usual.His friends have told him that he smells like garlic.Based on this information,Cameron has consumed too much ________.

A)calcium
B)magnesium
C)selenium
D)iron

Question 51

Which of the following statements about selenium is true?  Check all that apply.

A)Selenoproteins require selenium to function and serve as antioxidants.
B)Selenium is a major mineral.
C)Selenium is important for DNA synthesis.
D)Selenium is important for reproduction.

Question 52

Angela is a 20-year-old college student.In addition to having a history of dental decay,she seems to break bones easily.Based on this information,Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.

A)iodine
B)fluoride
C)vanadium
D)copper

Question 53

Which of the following foods or beverages contains the most fluoride?

A)Light beer
B)Brewed black tea
C)Spinach and broccoli
D)Carbonated soda

Question 54

Chromium deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance.

Question 55

Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries?

A)Selenium
B)Fluoride
C)Arsenic
D)Iodine

Question 56

Dental fluorosis is characterized by ________.

A)defective collagen production
B)keratinization and death of epithelial cells
C)abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
D)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin

Question 57

Jade is concerned about her risk of Kashin-Beck disease.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should ________.

A)consume more selenium-rich foods
B)avoid foods such as Brazil nuts and tuna fish
C)reduce her physical activity level
D)increase her sun exposure

Question 58

In certain parts of the United States,soil contains high amounts of selenium that accumulates in plants.Livestock that graze on these plants can develop selenium toxicity.

Question 59

Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters.These food items are rich sources of ________.

A)folate
B)selenium
C)vitamin C
D)magnesium

Question 60

As of 2014,approximately ________ of the American population had access to drinking water containing optimal levels of fluoride.

A)75%
B)25%
C)50%
D)90%

Question 61

To reduce a person's intake of dietary inorganic arsenic,rice grains should be rinsed before cooking and rice cooked using 6 cups of water for every 1 cup of rice.  Once the rice is cooked,the remaining fluid should be drained.

Question 62

Because of their low body weights,infants and children are at a greater risk of health consequences due to arsenic intake than adults.

Question 63

Cuproenzymes are group of enzymes that contain ________.

A)zinc
B)calcium
C)copper
D)iron

Question 64

Wilson's disease is characterized by the ________.

A)liver's inability to store zinc and manganese
B)excessive release of calcium from bone tissue
C)abnormal accumulation of glucose in muscle cells
D)accumulation of toxic amounts of copper in the liver,brain,kidneys,and eyes

Question 65

Which of the following minerals accumulates in abnormal deposits called Kayser-Fleischer rings?

A)Potassium
B)Iron
C)Fluoride
D)Copper

Question 66

High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are associated with chromium deficiency.

Question 67

Scientists are uncertain whether ________ is an essential mineral for humans.

A)silicon
B)zinc
C)iodide
D)magnesium

Question 68

In persons with diabetes,chromium supplementation may improve blood triglyceride and HDL levels.

Question 69

Leafy vegetables,whole grains,nuts,and tea are good food sources of ________.

A)iodine
B)cesium
C)zinc
D)manganese

Question 70

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role,but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

A)Selenium
B)Magnesium
C)Zinc
D)Lithium

Question 71

Which of the following are functions of cuproenzymes?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Antioxidant activity
C)Collagen formation
D)Iron storage and transportation
E)Formation of myelin

Question 72

Scientists are uncertain whether ________ is an essential mineral for humans.

A)chromium
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)vanadium

Question 73

Which of the following agencies monitors the amount of arsenic in rice and other foods and beverages?

A)FDA
B)CDC
C)EPA
D)WHO