Deck 19: Religion

Question 1

A cult is a religious organization largely outside of a society's cultural traditions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The concept "sacred" refers to the familiar, everyday elements of life.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Animism refers to the belief that God is an active force in the world.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Faith refers to what we know to be true based on what our five senses tell us.

Question 5

Karl Marx investigated the positive functions of religion for social life.

Question 6

A church is a type of social organization that is well integrated into the larger society.

Question 7

A totem is any object defined by members of a society as profane.

Question 8

Churches place greater importance on the personal experience of conversion than sects do.

Question 9

Max Weber linked the rise of industrial capitalism to Calvinist religious doctrine.

Question 10

The same elements of life are defined as sacred throughout the world.

Question 11

Members of denominations typically accept religious pluralism.

Question 12

The symbolic-interaction approach treats religion as socially constructed meaning that provides greater certainty and security for our lives.

Question 13

Charisma is a personal quality that lets someone draw others as followers.

Question 14

Members of a sect accept the surrounding society as good.

Question 15

One of the functions of religion for society is to operate as a system of social control.

Question 16

State churches are found in societies that hold to the "separation of church and state."

Question 17

Emile Durkheim claimed that, in religious life, people celebrate the awesome power of their society.

Question 18

Religion is a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on what is sacred.

Question 19

Ritual refers to activity in which the sacred is embodied in formal, ceremonial behavior.

Question 20

All world religions define women as more morally worthy than men.

Question 21

Christianity is one religion that has never experienced internal divisions.

Question 22

Following Emile Durkheim, the ordinary elements of everyday life are correctly considered to be

A)sacred.
B)profane.
C)religion.
D)ritual.

Question 23

In the United States, some religion denominations

Question 24

To Muslims, Muhammad was not a divine being but Allah's messenger.

Question 25

The United States is a less religious society than, say, Japan or Sweden.

Question 26

"Seekers" who pursue "New Age" spirituality believe that everything and everyone is connected by a divine force or plan.

Question 27

Religion is a social institution that is best defined as involving

A)beliefs and practices concerning what is sacred.
B)ideas about good and evil.
C)a series of beliefs about creation.
D)norms about how to live.

Question 28

Eastern religions may be correctly described as ethical codes of conduct.

Question 29

Hinduism is closely linked to the culture of India.

Question 30

The concept "civil religion" refers to tolerating practices and beliefs that differ from your own.

Question 31

In the United States, people who hold fundamentalist beliefs generally support traditional, otherworldly religion.

Question 32

The concept of sacred refers to what is

A)common to everyday life.
B)found in every culture.
C)seen as set apart from everyday life and extraordinary.
D)no longer found in today's world.

Question 33

Most spiritual "seekers" are closely tied to established denominations.

Question 34

Judaism has the most followers of all world religions.

Question 35

Polytheism refers to accepting many religions as true.

Question 36

Confucianism is closely linked to the culture of the Middle East.

Question 37

Compared to Eastern religions, Western religions make a more clear distinction between the sacred and profane.

Question 38

Secularization refers to the historical increase in the importance of religion.

Question 39

Both Christianity and Islam are monotheistic.

Question 40

In global perspective, most Muslims are not Arabs.

Question 41

Which of the following is a correct criticism of the structural-functional approach to religion?

A)ignoring the effects of religion in everyday life
B)ignoring how religion provides meaning in everyday life
C)ignoring religion's ability to generate social conflict
D)ignoring the positive consequences of religion for society

Question 42

Following Max Weber's analysis of religion, we could say industrial capitalism is

A)disenchanted religion.
B)a traditional religion.
C)support for patriarchy.
D)All of the responses are correct.

Question 43

Guided by the symbolic-interaction approach, sociologists examine

A)how daily rituals sharpen the boundary between the sacred and profane.
B)how religion gives our existence a measure of security and meaning.
C)the use of ritual and religious meaning to strengthen social ties such as marriage.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 44

Karl Marx believed that religion

A)focuses life on the present rather than the future.
B)supports social inequality.
C)treats existing society as secular.
D)threatens the power of the state.

Question 45

Over the course of its history, the Roman Catholic Church has existed in various forms, including as a

A)state church.
B)church.
C)denomination.
D)All of the responses are correct.

Question 46

Max Weber carried out historical analysis of the rise of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism that linked this change to

A)religious warfare.
B)divine intervention in the world.
C)religious values and beliefs, especially those associated with Calvinism.
D)the birth of science.

Question 47

In his analysis of Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, Max Weber stated that Protestantism

A)held back the development of capitalism.
B)supported the status quo.
C)encouraged greater gender equality.
D)stressed duty and hard work, boosting economic production and fostering the rise of capitalism.

Question 48

A religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society is called a

A)church.
B)sect.
C)cult.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 49

An analysis of how religion supports the interests of a society's elites would fall under which of the following theoretical approaches?

A)structural-functional approach
B)symbolic-interaction approach
C)social-conflict approach
D)social-exchange approach

Question 50

What do the sacred texts of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common?

A)support for patriarchy
B)belief in multiple deities
C)the same sacred symbols
D)support for secularization

Question 51

Ritual is a matter of

A)formal, ceremonial behavior.
B)who people socialize with.
C)beliefs about truth.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 52

Durkheim pointed to three functions of religion for society.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)establishing social cohesion
B)fostering social conflict
C)promoting social control
D)providing meaning and purpose

Question 53

Faith is a way of knowing based on

A)scientific research.
B)human senses.
C)cultural common sense.
D)conviction or belief in things unseen.

Question 54

Sociological analysis of religion is concerned with

A)understanding patterns of religious activity and their effect on society.
B)which religions are true and which are false.
C)the purpose of life.
D)discerning the will of God.

Question 55

Supporters of liberation theology hope that this social movement will achieve which of the following goals?

A)keeping politics out of the church
B)helping people endure their suffering
C)encouraging personal growth
D)reducing social inequality and, especially, poverty

Question 56

Which of the following concepts was used by Emile Durkheim to refer to an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred?

A)totem
B)idol
C)profanity
D)symbol

Question 57

As the official Church of England, the Anglican Church is correctly described as which of the following?

A)sect
B)state church
C)cult
D)All of these are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following concepts refers to the fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character?

A)evangelism
B)liberal Christianity
C)liberation theology
D)fundamentalism

Question 59

In the United States, the Amish would be an example of a

A)state church.
B)cult.
C)sect.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 60

Following Emile Durkheim, we would define things as profane when we understand them

A)in terms of the past.
B)as set apart as "forbidden."
C)in terms of ultimate meanings.
D)in terms of their everyday usefulness.

Question 61

Which of the following typically forms as a breakaway group from some established religious organization?

A)sect
B)church
C)cult
D)state church

Question 62

A majority of people in which global region are Muslims?

A)North America
B)South America
C)the Middle East
D)Asia

Question 63

Which of the following concepts refers to a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions?

A)church
B)sect
C)cult
D)denomination

Question 64

In the United States, the Muslim population includes which of the following?

A)Arab Americans
B)Asian Americans
C)African Americans
D)All of these are correct.

Question 65

A charismatic leader is most likely to be found in which of the following?

A)church
B)cult
C)denomination
D)state church

Question 66

The world's largest concentration of Jews

A)Europe.
B)North America.
C)Africa.
D)Asia.

Question 67

Animism is closely associated with which of the following societies?

A)industrial
B)European
C)Native American
D)agrarian

Question 68

Confucianism is closely linked to the traditional culture of

A)India.
B)China.
C)Japan.
D)Iran.

Question 69

The founder of Buddhism was which of the following people?

A)Gautama
B)Muhammad
C)Confucius
D)Moses

Question 70

The priesthood, a specialized occupation in charge of a large religious organization, first developed in which type of societies?

A)hunting and gathering
B)horticultural
C)agrarian
D)industrial

Question 71

Which of the following would you expect to be the least stable type of religious organizations?

A)cult
B)church
C)denomination
D)state church

Question 72

Which of the following religious organizations began as a cult?

A)Islam
B)Christianity
C)Judaism
D)All of these are correct.

Question 73

Polytheism refers to

A)acceptance of many religions as true.
B)belief that all things in the world are sacred.
C)belief in many gods.
D)openness to new religious experience.

Question 74

The concept "karma" refers to

A)the Christian belief in salvation.
B)the Hindu belief in the progress of the human soul.
C)the Muslim desire to do God's will.
D)the first five books of the Jewish Bible.

Question 75

In general, compared to Eastern religions, Western religions

A)are deity-based.
B)operate more ethical codes of conduct.
C)are less clear about what is sacred and what is profane.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 76

Buddhists are a majority of people in which of the following countries?

A)India
B)Saudi Arabia
C)Japan
D)Canada

Question 77

A sect is a type of religious organization that

A)supports the political state.
B)is tightly linked to the larger society.
C)is highly structured, with formally trained leaders.
D)stands apart from the larger society.

Question 78

Christianity is one example of which of the following types of religions?

A)monotheism
B)polytheism
C)animism
D)All of these are correct.

Question 79

Which of the following is the oldest of the world religions discussed in the text?

A)Hinduism
B)Judaism
C)Christianity
D)Islam

Question 80

Animism is the belief that

A)God has a plan for the entire world.
B)everything in the world is a conscious, living force that is able to affect us.
C)nothing is sacred.
D)people can find little meaning in their everyday lives.