Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

Businesses in this country can profit from recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S.population.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

For at least 12,000 years, humans have used culture as a strategy for survival.
REMEMBER;

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An example of nonmaterial culture would be the types of vehicles people use to get around.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Census Bureau reports that only ten different languages are spoken in the United States.

Question 5

Cultural transmission cannot take place unless people have a written language.

Question 6

Compared to cultures around the world, the way of life in the United States emphasizes individualism.

Question 7

The gesture we commonly call "thumbs up" is used in most of the world's societies to signify that something is very good.

Question 8

Most people in the United States share the value that everyone should not only have equality of opportunity, but also equality in all aspects of social standing.

Question 9

The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that the language we use shapes the reality we perceive.

Question 10

Experiencing an unfamiliar culture can generate culture shock.

Question 11

The same way of life is biologically "natural" to humans everywhere.

Question 12

Culture refers to the values, beliefs, behavior, and material things that form a way of life.

Question 13

In high-income countries such as the United States, everyone has the ability to read and write.

Question 14

Symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture.

Question 15

Symbols allow people to make sense of their surroundings.

Question 16

The emergence of computer-based instant messaging shows how new symbols are being created all the time.

Question 17

Values are standards that serve as broad guidelines for living.

Question 18

People around the world have much the same outward appearance and wear the same clothing and bodily decoration.

Question 19

The story of Helen Keller, who became blind and deaf, shows how the development of our humanity depends on the ability to understand and use symbols.

Question 20

English is the first language of only 5% of humanity, but it has become the preferred second language throughout most of the world.

Question 21

Cultural values in the United States always go together-they are all consistent with one another.

Question 22

Cultural change results from invention, discovery, and diffusion.

Question 23

Multiculturalists claim that, over the course of U.S.history, most non-English immigrants were advised to adopt the cultural patterns of the English-their "betters"-rather than "melt in."

Question 24

Values and norms help to define a society's "ideal culture."

Question 25

Most people participate in numerous subcultures without necessarily becoming very committed to any of them.

Question 26

Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others.

Question 27

Mores are norms that have great moral significance.

Question 28

Technology refers to knowledge people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.

Question 29

Cultural values in high-income nations tend to be secular-rational, giving greater importance to personal self-expression.

Question 30

Across the United States, mores vary more than folkways.

Question 31

The U.S.has a popular culture, but not a high culture.

Question 32

Rock -and-roll music in the United States is one cultural trait that has nothing in common with music that was popular a short time before it emerged.

Question 33

People in the United States tend to view the past as being better than the present.

Question 34

One emerging value in the United States is the importance of personal growth, including spiritual activity.

Question 35

Afrocentrism refers to the dominance of European cultural patterns.

Question 36

Subculture is more at odds with dominant culture than counterculture.

Question 37

Japan is more multicultural than the United States.

Question 38

In general, low-income nations have cultures that value individualism and personal self-expression.

Question 39

The Amish way of life accepts most of the U.S.'s popular culture.

Question 40

Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standards to evaluate another culture.

Question 41

The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning

A)"person of culture."
B)"intelligent person."
C)"one who walks upright."
D)"person who evolves."

Question 42

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that

A)relies on culture to ensure survival.
B)has patterned ways of living.
C)has biological instincts.
D)makes use of tools.

Question 43

The term _____ refers to a shared way of life, and the term ____ refers to a political entity.

A)culture; society
B)country; nation
C)nation; culture
D)culture; nation

Question 44

The United States is the most _______ of all countries.

A)multicultural
B)culturally uniform
C)slowly changing
D)nonmaterial

Question 45

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people?

A)social structure
B)social system
C)culture
D)society

Question 46

It is fair to say that humans are prisoners of their existing culture.

Question 47

Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

A)high culture
B)material culture
C)norms
D)nonmaterial culture

Question 48

The structural-functional approach sees culture as a relatively stable system of integrated patterns people use to meet their needs.

Question 49

Looking all around the world, what we find everywhere is

A)the same ideas about what is right.
B)people enjoying the same sports.
C)people creating diverse cultural systems.
D)the same standards that define what is beautiful and ugly.

Question 50

The United States is multicultural because

A)everyone holds the same values and beliefs.
B)each individual holds many different and conflicting values and beliefs.
C)there are many widely shared values and beliefs.
D)in this country we find many different languages and ways of life.

Question 51

Sociobiology explores how human biology has shaped today's culture.

Question 52

Cultural universals refer to patterns that are held by everyone in a society.

Question 53

The fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols shows us that

A)today's young people are creating new symbols.
B)there are many ways to use symbols to communicate.
C)culture changes over time.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 54

The chapter opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co.shows us that

A)various minorities respond to the same advertising in exactly the same way.
B)Asian American immigrants prefer English to their native language when they are doing business.
C)learning more about cultural diversity can help a company boost sales.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 55

According to scientists, Homo sapiens first appeared on Earth about how long ago?

A)2,500 years
B)25,000 years
C)250,000 years
D)250 million years

Question 56

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

A)cultural patterns moving from one society to another.
B)using the oral tradition.
C)passing cultural patterns from one generation to another.
D)using writing to enshrine cultural patterns.

Question 57

Sociologists define a symbol as

A)anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture.
B)any material cultural trait.
C)any gesture that conveys insult to others.
D)social patterns that cause culture shock.

Question 58

As a part of human culture, religion is an example of

A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)culture shock.
D)human nature.

Question 59

Karl Marx argued that a society's economic system was shaped by its value system.

Question 60

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as

A)high culture.
B)material culture.
C)norms.
D)nonmaterial culture.

Question 61

The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture, while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture.

A)high; low
B)low; high
C)ideal; real
D)real; ideal

Question 62

_____ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude.

A)Mores; folkways
B)Taboos; mores
C)Folkways; mores
D)Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

Question 63

Which of the following statements about technology is true?

A)Nations with more advanced technology are always superior to nations with less advanced technology.
B)Advanced technology improves life in some ways, but it also threatens life in other ways.
C)Access to technology is evenly distributed across any society's population.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 64

All but one of the following are values, identified by Robin Williams, as being central to U.S.culture.Which one is NOT?

A)equal opportunity
B)material comfort
C)racism and group superiority
D)belief in tradition

Question 65

Low-income countries have cultures that value which of the following?

A)economic survival
B)equal standing for women and men
C)self-expression
D)All of these are correct.

Question 66

The language widely spoken by people in more nations of the world than any other is

A)Spanish.
B)Chinese.
C)English.
D)Hindi.

Question 67

__________ are rules about everyday, casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance.

A)Mores; folkways
B)Folkways; mores
C)Proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms
D)Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

Question 68

Key values of U.S.culture

A)always fit together easily.
B)change quickly, even from year to year.
C)are shared by absolutely everyone in a society.
D)are sometimes in conflict with one another.

Question 69

Sociologists refer to tangible or physical human creations as

A)nonmaterial culture.
B)artifacts.
C)technology.
D)values.

Question 70

As our society has entered a postindustrial, computer-based phase, which of the following has become more important?

A)gaining symbolic skills, including speaking, writing, and computing
B)gaining mechanical skills using industrial machinery
C)knowing more about the past
D)All of these are correct.

Question 71

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called

A)folkways.
B)norms.
C)mores.
D)values.

Question 72

Elements of social control in everyday life include

A)shame.
B)guilt.
C)sanctions, including the response of other people.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 73

Wrong-doing, such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity, is an example of violating cultural

A)mores.
B)symbols.
C)folkways.
D)control.

Question 74

What is the term for the application of cultural knowledge to the task of living in an environment?

A)real culture
B)ideal culture
C)cultural transmission
D)technology

Question 75

An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to

A)mores.
B)taboos.
C)folkways.
D)proscriptive norms.

Question 76

Which of the following most closely conveys the point of the Sapir-Whorf thesis?

A)Language involves attaching labels to the real world.
B)People see the world through the cultural lens of their language.
C)Most words have the same meaning if spoken in different languages.
D)Every word exists in all known languages.

Question 77

The early U.S.sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was

A)Emile Durkheim.
B)William Graham Sumner.
C)Harriett Martineau.
D)George Herbert Mead.

Question 78

The distinction between high culture and popular culture is based mostly on

A)how advanced the cultural pattern is.
B)how long the cultural pattern has existed.
C)the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 79

Which of the following statements represents an emerging value in our society?

A)"What was good enough for my parents is good enough for me."
B)"The present is better than the past."
C)"Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth."
D)"It's good to be free."

Question 80

The dominant values of U.S.culture include which of the following?

A)a deep respect for the traditions of the past
B)a belief in equality of condition for all
C)a belief in individuality
D)All of these are correct.