Deck 4: Protein

Question 1

The component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its ____.​

A) ​side group
B) ​backbone
C) ​size
D) ​shape
E) ​central spiral group

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An essential amino acid ____.​

A) ​is not necessary to the diet
B) ​must be supplied by the diet
C) ​can be made from glucose in the body
D) ​can be made from fat in the body
E) ​must come from a supplement

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The dramatically different shapes of proteins enable them to perform different tasks in the body.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food. This is true because ____.​

A) ​not all necessary amino acids are found in food
B) ​hormones furnish the missing amino acids
C) ​the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others
D) ​the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids
E) ​the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from carbohydrates

Question 5

Vegans must carefully combine their plant protein foods in order to obtain the full array of essential amino acids.​

Question 6

Proteins are composed of chains of ____.​

A) ​monosaccharides
B) ​fatty acids
C) ​ketones
D) ​amino acids
E) ​glucose molecules

Question 7

How many essential amino acids are required by adults?​

A) ​9
B) ​16
C) ​10
D) ​22
E) ​23

Question 8

Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients in that they contain ____.

A) ​glycerol
B) ​carbon
C) ​fatty acids
D) ​nitrogen
E) ​calcium

Question 9

When proteins break down, their component amino acids are locked up within the cells and excreted by the body.​

Question 10

Under special circumstances, a nonessential amino acid can become essential.​

Question 11

A polypeptide ____.​

A) ​contains less than five amino acids
B) ​is composed of more than one protein molecule
C) ​contains ten or more amino acids
D) ​contains only three amino acids
E) ​not folded or coiled

Question 12

Consumption of protein, itself, is known to contribute to heart disease and mortality.​

Question 13

Proteins that travel to target cells and act as chemical messengers are known as ____.​

A) ​collagens
B) ​hormones
C) ​opsins
D) ​antigens
E) ​enzymes

Question 14

Research supports the idea that a vegetarian diet may be healthier than a diet that includes meat.​

Question 15

The human genome contains more than 20,000 genes that code for hundreds of thousands of proteins.​

Question 16

Lipoproteins function to ____.

A) ​catalyze chemical reactions
B) ​encourage edema
C) ​transport lipids in the blood
D) ​transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells
E) ​add strength to bones and teeth

Question 17

If the shape of a protein is changed, the ____ of the protein is also changed.​

A) ​function
B) ​size
C) ​electrical charge
D) ​nutritional value
E) ​density value

Question 18

Proteins may contain up to ten different amino acids.​

Question 19

The DRI committee that reviewed the safety of amino acid supplements was unable to set Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for safe supplement use.​

Question 20

Only water transports substances such as lipids, vitamins, and minerals throughout the body.

Question 21

An example of a conditionally essential amino acid is ____.​

A) ​valine
B) ​leucine
C) ​lysine
D) ​tyrosine
E) ​thyrosine

Question 22

Protection from disease is largely dependent on the action of ____.​

A) ​buffers
B) ​hemoglobin
C) ​antibodies
D) ​vitamins
E) ​hormones

Question 23

Why is it important to keep the proper acid-base balance in the body?​

A) ​highly acidic conditions cause vital proteins to denature
B) ​highly acidic conditions cause the destruction of fatty acids
C) ​acid-base imbalances contribute to the destruction of hormones
D) ​acid-base imbalances compromise growth in children
E) ​acid-base imbalances cause edema

Question 24

A child with marasmus differs from a child with kwashiorkor in that a marasmic child ____.:​

A) ​has a skin rash
B) ​experiences edema
C) ​may suffer brain impairment
D) ​develops a fatty liver
E) ​develops lung problems

Question 25

One of the nine essential amino acids is ____.​

A) ​phenylalanine
B) ​carnitine
C) ​thyrosine
D) ​glucosamine
E) ​butalmine

Question 26

Severe marasmus ____.​

A) ​results in low resistance to disease
B) ​causes increased body temperature
C) ​occurs only in children
D) ​hampers physical development but leaves the brain unaffected
E) ​occurs only in adults

Question 27

When proteins are ____, they lose their shape, as well as their function.​

A) ​denatured
B) ​synthesized
C) ​coiled
D) ​folded
E) ​reacted

Question 28

An important buffer that helps maintain the acid-base balance of the blood is ____.​

A) ​hemoglobin
B) ​an electrolyte
C) ​albumin
D) ​structural
E) ​an antibody

Question 29

The process of protein breakdown and synthesis is called ____.​

A) ​protein recovery
B) ​the protein cycle
C) ​protein turnover
D) ​protein rotation
E) ​protein genesis

Question 30

A person is in negative nitrogen balance during ____.​

A) ​infancy
B) ​adolescence
C) ​starvation
D) ​pregnancy
E) ​illness recovery

Question 31

The body uses amino acids extensively for energy when ____.​

A) ​protein stores run low
B) ​there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids
C) ​an athlete performs strength training exercises
D) ​the body becomes dehydrated
E) ​the body has excess water

Question 32

A person is in positive nitrogen balance during ____.​

A) ​growth
B) ​old age
C) ​exercise
D) ​adulthood
E) ​starvation

Question 33

Enzymes are ____.​

A) ​made of carbohydrates
B) ​essential to all life processes
C) ​altered by the chemical reactions they facilitate
D) ​essential nutrients
E) ​nonessential nutrients

Question 34

When a normal, healthy adult consumes twice as much protein as he requires, his nitrogen output will ____.​

A) ​equal his nitrogen intake
B) ​exceed his nitrogen intake
C) ​depend on his individual metabolism
D) ​be less than his nitrogen intake
E) ​be much more than his nitrogen intake

Question 35

Although amino acids are a secondary source of energy, their primary function is to ____.​

A) ​build proteins needed by the body
B) ​provide essential water-soluble vitamins
C) ​produce insulin
D) ​supply most of the kcalories in the average American diet
E) ​denature proteins

Question 36

Proteins help determine the distribution of fluids in living systems because they are ____.​

A) ​large
B) ​resistant to heat
C) ​attracted to water
D) ​small
E) ​hydrophobic

Question 37

Marasmus may best be described as a nutritional deficiency disease caused by ____.​

A) ​a chronic, severe deprivation of food
B) ​excess energy intake
C) ​a chronic, severe deprivation of protein
D) ​a deficiency of protein and vitamins
E) ​a chronic, severe deprivation of enzymes

Question 38

Which statement characterizes enzymes?​

A) ​They are redundant in most life processes.
B) ​They are not proteins.
C) ​They are all catalysts.
D) ​They are involved in synthesis reactions only.
E) ​They are destroyed as soon as they perform their function.

Question 39

When glucose is unavailable, the ____ cannot function properly.​

A) ​lungs and circulatory system
B) ​kidneys and liver
C) ​brain and nervous system
D) ​bones and muscles
E) ​muscles and liver

Question 40

The nitrogen-containing excretion product of protein metabolism is ____.​

A) ​a buffer
B) ​hemoglobin
C) ​urea
D) ​water
E) ​electrolytes

Question 41

What happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?​

A) ​Proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid.
B) ​The body will synthesize it.
C) ​A person's health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intakes are adequate.
D) ​Protein synthesis will be limited.
E) ​Protein synthesis will stop.

Question 42

Fat accumulation in the liver is a symptom of ____.​

A) ​kwashiorkor
B) ​marasmus
C) eosinophilia myalgia syndrome​
D) ​dystentery
E) ​fibromegaly

Question 43

The protein requirement of a child compared to an adult is ____.​

A) ​the same as adults, until the child turns 10 years of age
B) ​higher
C) ​much lower
D) ​dependent on the activity level of the child
E) ​exactly the same

Question 44

In order to estimate an individual's protein requirements, his or her ____ must be considered.​

A) ​age
B) ​height
C) ​weight
D) ​gender
E) ​race

Question 45

Which food item is considered to be a source of high-quality protein?​

A) ​seeds
B) ​gelatin
C) ​almond milk
D) ​eggs
E) ​pectin

Question 46

Which food item provides the highest quality protein?​

A) ​citrus fruits
B) ​cereal
C) ​legumes
D) ​bread
E) yogurt

Question 47

An essential amino acid found in the shortest supply relative to the amounts needed for protein synthesis in the body is termed a(n) ____ amino acid.​

A) ​indigestible
B) ​non-essential
C) ​reduced
D) ​limiting
E) ​high-quality

Question 48

Which is a risk associated with the overconsumption of protein?​

A) ​an enlarged heart
B) ​pancreatic cancer
C) ​hyperglycemia
D) ​inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
E) ​an increased risk of developing liver disease

Question 49

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among ____.​

A) ​older adults
B) ​newborns
C) ​newly weaned children
D) ​adolescents
E) ​pregnant women

Question 50

Mary consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day. If she wants to consume 15% of her kcalories from protein, approximately how many grams of protein would she need each day?​

A) ​28
B) ​48
C) ​38
D) ​68
E) ​88

Question 51

The protein RDA for adults is ____ grams per kilogram of body weight.​

A) ​0.4
B) ​0.5
C) ​0.8
D) ​1.0
E) ​1.2

Question 52

The plant food with the highest protein digestibility is ____.​

A) ​corn
B) ​sweet potato
C) ​asparagus
D) ​soybeans
E) ​cabbage

Question 53

The recommended intake of protein is ____ of daily energy intake.​

A) ​45-60%
B) ​35-45%
C) ​5-10%
D) ​10-35%
E) ​55%

Question 54

The measure of the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake is called ____.​

A) ​protein quality
B) ​net protein utilization
C) ​protein digestibility
D) ​protein efficiency ratio
E) ​protein absorption value

Question 55

The best choice for a dessert that will provide high-quality protein is ____.

A) ​milk pudding
B) ​fruit gelatin
C) ​sherbet
D) ​egg custard
E) ​banana cream pie

Question 56

The RDA for protein for a 121-pound woman is ____ grams per day.​

A) ​44
B) ​60
C) ​75
D) ​100
E) ​121

Question 57

What is the primary cause of the edema that accompanies kwashiorkor?​

A) ​Proteins and hormones diminish and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces.
B) ​Lipoprotein synthesis is diminished, causing fat to accumulate.
C) ​Protein is lost from the heart muscle, resulting in a weak heartbeat.
D) ​Synthesis of enzymes is reduced.
E) ​Protein synthesis produces too much water.

Question 58

In setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumed that ____.​

A) ​protein will be of low quality
B) ​protein will be consumed together with adequate energy and other nutrients
C) ​other nutrients in the diet will be inadequate
D) ​the RDA will be applied to individuals with unusual metabolic needs
E) ​protein will form the majority of a person's diet

Question 59

The end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the ____.​

A) ​stomach
B) ​liver
C) ​kidneys
D) ​gallbladder
E) ​pancreas

Question 60

A 25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day. If two-thirds of the protein comes from animal sources, it may be concluded that he ____.​

A) ​ingested his recommended allowance of protein
B) ​needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance
C) ​needs 11 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance
D) ​has exceeded his recommended allowance of protein
E) ​needs 22 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance

Question 61

A strict vegetarian must be careful about intakes of ____.​

A) ​vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too high
B) ​iron and zinc; they may be too low
C) ​iron and zinc; they may be too high
D) ​vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too low
E) ​vitamin D and potassium; they may be too high

Question 62

Dietary protein will not be used efficiently and will not support growth if ____ are lacking in the diet.​

A) ​vegetables
B) ​essential fatty acids
C) ​kcalories
D) ​dairy foods
E) ​nut meats

Question 63

What is the best strategy for consuming adequate amino acids?​

A) ​Eat high-quality proteins or foods containing complementary proteins.
B) ​Avoid protein supplements in favor of single amino acid supplements.
C) ​Consume enough protein to meet the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental amino acids.
D) ​Consume the perfect ratio of carbohydrate to protein.
E) ​Consume the perfect ratio of fat to protein.

Question 64

Which food will contribute to the calcium intake of a vegan diet?​

A) ​deep orange fruits
B) ​carrots
C) ​purple cabbage
D) ​legumes
E) ​deep yellow fruits

Question 65

Complementary proteins ____.​

A) ​enhance the taste of food
B) ​increase the quality of the protein
C) ​combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids
D) ​decrease the loss of nitrogen from the body
E) ​increase the loss of nitrogen from the body

Question 66

How many grams of protein are in a 6-ounce serving of rib eye steak?​

A) ​18
B) ​24
C) ​42
D) ​48
E) ​52

Question 67

Structural proteins are found in ____.​

A) ​antibodies
B) ​transporters
C) ​teeth
D) ​hormones
E) ​enzymes

Question 68

Which food serving provides about 14 grams of protein?​

A) ​3 cups of legumes
B) ​1 ounce chicken
C) ​1 egg
D) ​2 eggs
E) ​3 eggs

Question 69

Vegetarians should eat iron-rich foods along with foods rich in ____ to increase iron absorption.​

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​calcium
C) ​phytic acid
D) ​fiber
E) ​potassium

Question 70

A major reason why people must have sufficient carbohydrate and fat in the diet is to ____.​

A) ​stimulate the breakdown of body protein for energy
B) ​prevent the loss of essential fatty acids
C) ​prevent the breakdown of body protein for energy
D) ​stimulate the synthesis of essential amino acids
E) ​prevent osteoporosis

Question 71

Which combination provides high-quality protein?​

A) ​black beans and corn
B) ​pasta with broccoli, peppers, and sesame seeds
C) ​peanut butter and white bread sandwich
D) ​stir-fried cabbage, squash, and green peppers
E) ​salad with pineapples

Question 72

Which complementary proteins are lacking in legumes?​

A) ​tryptophan and lysine
B) isoleucine and lysine​
C) ​methionine and isoleucine
D) ​methionine and tryptophan
E) ​isoleucine and tryptophan

Question 73

Which food group provides essential fatty acids for a vegan diet?​

A) ​flaxseed
B) ​dark, green, leafy vegetables
C) ​deep orange and yellow fruits and vegetables
D) ​whole grain
E) ​kidney beans

Question 74

A diet which excludes red meat, but occasionally includes poultry, fish, and shellfish is classified as ____.​

A) ​lacto-ovo vegetarian
B) ​partial vegetarian
C) ​ovo-vegetarian
D) ​temporary vegetarian
E) ​part-time vegan

Question 75

Which food group in the USDA Food Guide contains only tiny amounts of protein?​

A) ​fruit
B) ​vegetables
C) ​grains
D) ​milk
E) ​nuts

Question 76

Which food item contains low-quality protein?​

A) ​corn
B) ​soy
C) legumes​
D) ​beef
E) ​pork

Question 77

Severe acute malnutrition is caused by ____.​

A) ​recent severe food restriction; characterized in children who are underweight for height
B) ​a critical decrease in essential fatty acids, especially those from milk
C) ​an overconsumption of sugary products and is similar to diabetes
D) ​an overconsumption of high-fat, high-protein foods at the expense of carbohydrates
E) ​underconsumption of protein, but overconsumption of fat

Question 78

Which minerals are most likely to be lacking in the diet of vegetarians?​

A) ​sodium, potassium, and chloride
B) ​zinc, magnesium, and fluoride
C) ​iron, manganese, and calcium
D) ​iron, zinc, and calcium
E) ​iron, magnesium, and potassium

Question 79

The task of acquiring enough vitamin B₁₂ may pose a problem to vegans because ____.​

A) ​fibers in vegetables inhibit its absorption
B) ​they lack the proper enzymes to break it down
C) ​it is found only in animal-derived products
D) ​deficiency may occur from excess intake of soy products
E) ​it cannot be put into a vitamin

Question 80

Which food serving provides the largest amount of protein?​

A) ​½ cup cooked broccoli
B) ​2 tablespoons peanut butter
C) ​1 cup milk
D) ​1 cup tofu
E) ​½ ounce meat