Deck 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Question 1

CT scans and MRI scans are considered imaging techniques.

A)structural
B)functional
C)subcortical
D)hemispheric

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Dr.Amad is a psychologist who is studying how parts of the brain control particular mental or behavioral functions,such as being able to recognize faces,speak,problem­solve,or move one's hands or feet.Dr.Amad would be referred to as as a

A)neurogenic psychologist.
B)biopsychologist.
C)physiological behaviorist.
D)cranial behaviorist.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The study of how biological processes,the brain,and the nervous system are related to behavior is called

A)neuroinduction.
B)biopsychology.
C)physiological behaviorism.
D)ablation.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which technique produces the most detailed images of brain structures and allows any two-dimensional plane,or slice,of the body to be selected and displayed as an image on a computer screen?

A)MRI scan
B)ESB
C)CT scan
D)EEG

Question 5

Which of the following brain tools can be used to map location,shape,and size of brain structures in living brains as well as any abnormal structures,such as tumors,that may be present?

A)CT scan and MRI scan
B)PET scan and EEG
C)ESB
D)deep lesioning

Question 6

The research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain with specific psychological or behavioral functions is known as

A)ablation.
B)constraint-induced functionality.
C)localization of function.
D)functional analysis.

Question 7

When a researcher tries to identify which structures in the brain control specific psychological or behavioral functions,such as recognizing faces or moving the hands,the basic research strategy is called

A)localization of function.
B)constraint-induced analysis.
C)extrapolated functional analysis.
D)neuroplasticity.

Question 8

Anatomists learned that the brain is made up of many distinct areas or "parts" by cutting apart autopsied human and animal brains and then examining them under a microscope.This procedure being used is known as

A)laterization.
B)neural induction.
C)corticalization.
D)dissection.

Question 9

The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the

A)ESB.
B)ablation technique.
C)MRI scan.
D)EEG.

Question 10

Computed tomographic (CT)scanning involves

A)a specialized type of X-ray.
B)the detection,amplification,and recording of electrical activity in the brain.
C)the use of a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain.
D)a computer-generated image of brain activity based on glucose consumption in the brain.

Question 11

Jessie is a psychologist who specializes in how a person's biological processes,brain,and nervous system are related to behavior.Jessie would be referred to as a

A)neurogenic psychologist.
B)biopsychologist.
C)physiological behaviorist.
D)cranial behaviorist.

Question 12

Dissection revealed that the brain was made up of many anatomically distinct areas or "parts." This technique involves

A)linking specific structures in the brain with specific psychological or behavioral functions.
B)direct electrical stimulation and activation of brain tissue.
C)cutting apart autopsied human and animal brains and examining them under a microscope.
D)studying subtle behavioral signs of nervous system dysfunction,including clumsiness,an awkward gait,poor hand-eye coordination,and other perceptual and motor problems.

Question 13

If damage to a particular part of the brain consistently leads to a particular loss of function,then we say that the function is

A)localized in that structure.
B)generalized for that structure.
C)ablated within that structure.
D)constrained to that structure.

Question 14

The MRI scan obtains an image of the brain by using

A)electrode patches placed on the skull.
B)magnetic fields.
C)x-rays.
D)radioactive glucose.

Question 15

During practice,a football player experiences symptoms commonly associated with having a stroke.The coaches rush him to the hospital so that the doctors can view the structure of this player's brain using a specialized X­ray technique known as a(n)

A)ESB.
B)CT scan.
C)PET scan.
D)ablation.

Question 16

Juan's physician has told him that he wants him to take a test that will give a three-dimensional representation of Juan's brain.This procedure will require Juan to be placed in a strong magnetic field.The test being discussed is the

A)EEG.
B)CT scan.
C)MRI scan.
D)PET scan.

Question 17

Clarence was in a car accident,and the doctor suspects that he may have suffered damage to his brain.He is put in a chamber with a strong magnetic field that will yield a three-dimensional picture of Clarence's brain.Which technique is being utilized?

A)EEG
B)MRI
C)PET
D)CT

Question 18

Many techniques have been developed to help identify brain structures and the functions they control.These research techniques are part of the basic research strategy known as

A)constraint-induced analysis.
B)localization of function.
C)neuroplastic analysis.
D)functional lateralization.

Question 19

A specialized type of X-ray was used to show the area where a tumor was located within a patient's brain.This type of X-ray is known as a(n)

A)computed tomographic scan.
B)electroencephalography.
C)positron emission tomography.
D)functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Question 20

Using which brain tool is X-ray information collected by a computer from a number of different angles and then formed into an image of the brain to reveal the effects of strokes,injuries,tumors,and other brain disorders?

A)CT scan
B)EEG
C)PET scan
D)functional MRI

Question 21

Which of the following is most closely associated with surgical removal of parts of the brain?

A)clinical studies
B)ablation
C)MRI scan
D)electroencephalography

Question 22

A doctor activates the surface of a patient's brain by touching it with a small electrified wire and the patient tells the doctor what effect the stimulation had.Regarding this procedure,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)This procedure is impossible because patients cannot be awake during brain procedures.
B)The doctor is performing an ablation.
C)The doctor is using an electrode to "turn on" brain structures.
D)The doctor is using an EEG to "turn on" brain structures.

Question 23

Max,a seventy-year-old man has recently been exhibiting a somewhat awkward gait and poor eye-hand coordination as well as slight changes to his personality.His family encourages him to see a doctor,who determines that Max has had a slight stroke.Max's family had observed

A)neural inductions.
B)psychotic indicators.
C)confabulations.
D)neurological soft signs.

Question 24

Studies that examine changes in personality,behavior,or sensory capacity caused by brain diseases or injuries and help doctors to localize function by linking psychological or behavioral capacities with particular brain structures are known as studies.

A)neural induction
B)neurogenesis
C)functional analysis
D)clinical case

Question 25

After Phineas Gage's accident in which a metal rod entered his brain,the doctors kept notes on his behavior,used tests to measure various responses,and interviewed Phineas and those who knew him.His brain injury was studied using a(n)

A)ablation.
B)clinical case study.
C)ESB.
D)functional analysis.

Question 26

Scientists destroyed a tiny area of a cat's limbic system by inserting a tiny electrode into this target area and then passing an electric current through the electrode.The technique used is known as

A)ESB.
B)neural induction.
C)deep lesioning.
D)FMRI.

Question 27

Ray awoke one morning to find that he could not see anything in the upper right side of his visual field,his right eye and the right side of his mouth looked different in the mirror,his gait when walking was a bit awkward,and he felt generally "clumsy." Ray is exhibiting

A)neurological soft signs of a stroke.
B)the initial onset of spatial neglect.
C)hard neurological signs of facial agnosia.
D)the initial onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 28

The destruction of brain tissue occurs with both deep lesioning and with surgical

A)fMRI.
B)PET.
C)electroencephalography.
D)ablation.

Question 29

Dr.Anton removed a tumor from the back area of a man's brain.After removal of this portion of the brain,the man had visual problems.This surgical removal of brain tissue is called

A)deep lesioning.
B)ablation.
C)ESB.
D)fMRI.

Question 30

A psychiatrist does a lengthy and thorough examination of a patient in a hospital.This patient was the victim of a car accident,in which a pen that was lying on the dashboard actually pierced her skull and her brain.The psychiatrist performs physical examinations,interviews with the patient and family members,and closely observes her behavior.This technique is known as a(n)

A)clinical case study.
B)ablation.
C)ESB.
D)functional analysis.

Question 31

Pierre Flourens surgically removed portions of a rabbit's cerebellum with the rabbit subsequently showing extreme problems with motor coordination.This surgical removal of portions of the cerebellum is an example of

A)ablation.
B)deep lesioning.
C)ESB.
D)fMRI.

Question 32

The use of an electrode to stimulate small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called

A)ESB.
B)deep lesioning.
C)fMRI.
D)electroencephalography.

Question 33

The symptoms of memory loss,trouble spelling words,depression,and moodiness exhibited by Dave Duerson and other NFL football players who had suffered concussions would be considered

A)neurological soft signs.
B)symptoms of spatial neglect.
C)functional lateralizations.
D)confabulations.

Question 34

A detailed investigation of a single person,especially one suffering from some injury or disease is known as a(n)

A)ablation.
B)functional analysis.
C)clinical case study.
D)clinical dissection.

Question 35

Scientists implanted an electrode into a specific area of a rat's brain.When the electrode was activated,which in turn activated the target area,the rat aggressively attacked a cat within the same cage.The technique being utilized by the scientists is known as

A)ESB.
B)ablation.
C)deep lesioning.
D)PET.

Question 36

The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called

A)PET.
B)neural induction.
C)deep lesioning.
D)electroencephalography.

Question 37

Jacob suspects he may have had a stroke because he is having some difficulty in controlling his right hand and feels numbness on the right side of his face.This behavioral evidence of possible brain damage is called

A)neurological soft signs.
B)spatial neglect.
C)neurogenesis.
D)virilism.

Question 38

Any device,such as a wire,needle,or metal plate,used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record its activity is called a(n)

A)electrode.
B)inductor.
C)neuralizer.
D)telemetry instrument.

Question 39

Which of the following are not direct tests of the brain,but are subtle outward behavioral signs of nervous system dysfunction that have been used to diagnose problems ranging from childhood learning disorders to psychosis?

A)confabulations
B)neurological soft signs
C)neural inductions
D)brain embolisms

Question 40

Regarding the use of brain stimulation research,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Brain research is often based on electrical stimulation,but chemical stimulation is also used at times.
B)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to instantly call forth euphoria,aggression,or tears in a person.
C)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to control a person's actions and personality,like a robot.
D)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to instantly call forth eating,sleeping,or speech in a person.

Question 41

In order to detect the electrical activity of a single neuron,a scientist would most likely use

A)ESB.
B)a microelectrode.
C)PET.
D)fMRI.

Question 42

An extremely thin glass tube filled with a salty fluid with its tip being small enough to detect the electrical activity of a single neuron would be referred to as a

A)pixel.
B)microelectrode.
C)PET scan.
D)fMRI

Question 43

Deep lesioning involves

A)using an electrode to destroy tissue within the brain.
B)direct electrical stimulation and activation of brain tissue.
C)cutting apart autopsied human and animal brains and examining them under a microscope.
D)the detection,amplification,and recording of electrical activity in the brain.

Question 44

Brain wave activity during sleep,daydreaming,hypnosis,and other mental states is likely to be studied using a(n)

A)CT scan.
B)MRI scan.
C)electroencephalograph.
D)implanted microelectrode.

Question 45

By placing positron detectors around the head and sending data to a computer,it is possible to create a moving,color picture of changes in brain activity using a(n)

A)MRI.
B)CT scan.
C)PET scan.
D)ESB recording.

Question 46

Martina has what appears to be a seizure.To verify whether Martina has epilepsy,her doctor affixes small disk- shaped mental plates to Martina's scalp in order to obtain a recording of her brain waves.What technique is being utilized?

A)MRI
B)EEG
C)PET scan
D)CT scan

Question 47

Dave has just had some medical tests conducted.One of the tests recorded Dave's brain waves on a moving sheet of paper.Dave was probably given the

A)EEG.
B)CT scan.
C)MRI scan.
D)PET scan.

Question 48

A PET scan records the amount of which radioactive substance used by brain cells?

A)potassium
B)iodine
C)glucose
D)sodium

Question 49

Which of the following techniques provides a fascinating glimpse into the true origins of behavior by allowing scientists to view the action potentials of a single neuron?

A)ablation
B)deep lesioning
C)PET scans
D)microelectrode recording

Question 50

Greg is participating in a sleep lab experiment.Electrodes are affixed to his scalp to measure the beta,alpha,theta,and delta waves Greg exhibits as he goes through the various stages of sleep.What technique is being utilized?

A)EEG
B)MRI
C)PET scan
D)CT scan

Question 51

A PET scan detects which of the following that are emitted by glucose as it is consumed by the brain cells?

A)potassium
B)radioactive iodine
C)electrons
D)positrons

Question 52

Three of these techniques allow scientists to observe the activity of parts of the brain without doing any damage at all.Which technique would cause some degree of damage to the living brain?

A)EEG.
B)fMRI.
C)PET scan.
D)ablation.

Question 53

Which of the following is an imaging technique that results in a computer-generated image of brain activity and is based on glucose consumption in the brain?

A)computed tomographic scan (CT scan).
B)electroencephalography (EEG).
C)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
D)positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 54

An electroencephalograph (EEG)records

A)the number of neurons in the brain.
B)electrical impulses from the brain.
C)chemical activity in the cranial nerves.
D)the amount of glucose being utilized by the brain.

Question 55

Anthony was a subject in a study in which the glucose in his brain was marked with a radioactive substance.Then the detectors identified the especially active brain areas.Anthony participated in a study that employed a(n)

A)EEG.
B)MRI scan.
C)PPRC.
D)PET scan.

Question 56

According to Haier's PET scan research,persons who do well on difficult reasoning tests have brains that

A)are the most active and consume the most glucose.
B)consume the least glucose.
C)have the largest corpus callosums.
D)are the easiest to study using EEGs.

Question 57

PET scans and EEGs are considered imaging techniques.

A)structural
B)functional
C)hemispheric
D)subcortical

Question 58

Biopsychologists are able to pinpoint areas in the brain responsible for thoughts,feelings,and actions using all of the following EXCEPT for the

A)EEG.
B)fMRI.
C)PET scan.
D)CT scan.

Question 59

A device that detects,amplifies,and records electrical activity in the brain is called

A)electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB).
B)functional MRI (fMRI).
C)electroencephalography (EEG).
D)positron emission tomography (PET).

Question 60

By detecting the subatomic particles emitted by weakly radioactive glucose as it is consumed by the brain,researchers are able to obtain detailed images of activity both near the surface and below the surface of the brain.This technique is called a(n)

A)ablation.
B)PET scan.
C)MRI scan.
D)CT scan.

Question 61

Dr.Montel is a psychologist who studies how the biological processes,brain,and nervous system are related to a
person's behavior.Dr.Montel would be referred to as a(n).

Question 62

The amount of radioactive glucose used by the brain cells is recorded by the brain scan technique known as a(n)
___________.

Question 63

Eventually,fMRI may help us to distinguish between lies and confabulations,which are

A)unbelievable statements that happen to be true.
B)half-truths.
C)false statements the person believes to be true.
D)false statements made with the intention to deceive.

Question 64

The research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain with specific psychological or behavioral functions is known as neurocortical induction.

Question 65

Haier believes his research shows that higher intellectual performances are related to

A)greater brain efficiency.
B)having larger corpus callosums.
C)having "harder working" brains.
D)all of these.

Question 66

Regarding the technology used to study the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Both PET scans and functional MRIs provide images of activity throughout the brain.
B)Experimentally,fMRI images have been used to tell if a person is lying.
C)PET and fMRI brain scans show that most people use only 10 percent of their brain capacity.
D)Researchers are creating digital three-dimensional brain maps that show both brain structures and their accompanying psychological functions.

Question 67

Psychiatrist Daniel Langleben and his colleagues have used a new brain technique to tell if a person is lying,with the front of the brain being more active when a person is lying rather than telling the truth.This technology is the

A)CT scan.
B)MRI scan.
C)EEG.
D)fMRI.

Question 68

Megan has experienced what appears to be a seizure.So,the doctor affixes electrodes to Megan's scalp in order to obtain a recording of her brain waves and determine whether her brain waves are showing a seizure pattern.The doctor is using a technique known as a(n).

Question 69

Research by Daniel Langleben has shown that more activity will occur in the front of the brain when a person is lying than when telling the truth with the brain scan technique utilized in this research being the .

Question 70

Research using PET scans of human brains indicates that

A)most people use only ten percent of their brain capacity.
B)higher scoring test takers use more glucose during problem-solving.
C)all parts of the brain are active during waking hours.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 71

Which of the following gives both a three-dimensional structural view of the brain as well as making brain activity visible?

A)CT scan
B)MRI scan
C)EEG
D)fMRI

Question 72

Dr.Kahn is able to detect the electrical activity of a single neuron by using the tip of an extremely thin glass tube filled with a salty fluid,which is known as an ablation tube.

Question 73

Doctors confirmed that Mrs.Armand had suffered a stroke by placing her in a chamber in which sound waves were utilized to obtain a three-dimensional picture of her brain,a technique referred to as a(n).

Question 74

Psychiatrist Daniel Langleben and his colleagues have used fMRI technology to tell if a person is lying.When a person was lying,the

A)front of the brain became more active.
B)back of the brain became more active.
C)brainstem became less active.
D)entire brain became less active.

Question 75

In order to determine if Marta had a stroke,the doctors used a computer-enhanced X-ray image of her brain,a technique known as a fMRI.

Question 76

Subtle behavioral signs of nervous system dysfunction,including clumsiness,an awkward gait,poor hand-eye coordination,and other perceptual and motor problems,are referred to as .

Question 77

Haier and his associates found that the brains of people who perform well on mental tests consume less energy than those who perform poorly on these tests.

Question 78

Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)can be done during brain surgery with the patient being awake and able to describe what effect the stimulation had.

Question 79

Research using PET scans of human brains indicates that

A)the size of the midbrain connections is the most important feature for intelligence.
B)higher scoring test takers used more glucose.
C)lower scoring test takers used more glucose.
D)brain activity is not related to problem­solving,but is related to one's emotional levels.

Question 80

When Caleb fell out of his tree house and hit his head,the doctors placed Caleb in a magnetic field to get a three- dimensional image of any structural damage to his brain with this technique being known as electroencephalography.