Deck 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Question 1

One of the main roles of the midbrain is to

A)help in storing skill memories.
B)control motives,such as hunger and thirst.
C)serve as a link between the forebrain and the brainstem.
D)keep the brain aroused and alert.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following structures is part of the hindbrain?

A)hypothalamus
B)hippocampus
C)cerebellum
D)amygdala

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The brainstem,midbrain,and parts of the forebrain are referred to as the

A)reticular formation.
B)subcortex.
C)gray matter.
D)cerebral cortex.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The three main areas of the subcortex are the

A)brainstem,cerebellum,and corpus callosum.
B)forebrain,brainstem,and the upper parts of the hindbrain.
C)brainstem,midbrain,and cerebral cortex.
D)brainstem,midbrain,and the lower parts of the forebrain.

Question 5

As the spinal cord joins the brain,it widens into the

A)brainstem.
B)cerebrum.
C)limbic system.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 6

The thalamus and hypothalamus are considered parts of the

A)forebrain.
B)hindbrain.
C)midbrain.
D)brainstem.

Question 7

Which of the following structures is part of the forebrain?

A)hypothalamus
B)medulla
C)cerebellum
D)reticular formation

Question 8

Severe damage to which of the following parts of the brain would most likely result in death?

A)amygdala
B)medulla
C)hippocampus
D)cerebellum

Question 9

Coma researcher Steven Laureys and his colleagues used fMRI to reexamine 54 patients previously diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state,or brain-dead.Patients were repeatedly asked to imagine swinging a tennis racquet or walking down a familiar street.Five of the patients showed clearly different brain activity to the two tasks despite being unable to communicate with doctors in any other way.These results suggest that not all patients who are non-responsive are brain-dead,but instead some may have

A)Broca's aphasia.
B)spatial neglect.
C)locked-in syndrome.
D)neurogenic agnosia.

Question 10

At age 33,Kate Adamson had a stroke that resulted in a locked-in syndrome,in which one moment she was fine and the next totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe.The stroke had damaged which part of Kate Adamson's brain?

A)amygdala
B)brainstem
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 11

Through his use of stimulants and hallucinogens,Martin caused damage to his pons.Now doctors have to inject him with medication that will help

A)him store new memories.
B)him to move his legs in a coordinating way.
C)him to sleep.
D)control his aggressiveness.

Question 12

A karate chop to an area at the top of the neck could stop a person's heart and breathing by damaging the

A)hippocampus.
B)thalamus.
C)medulla.
D)amygdala.

Question 13

The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the

A)forebrain.
B)medulla.
C)hippocampus.
D)thalamus.

Question 14

The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences

A)memory.
B)sleep and arousal.
C)motor behavior.
D)higher reasoning.

Question 15

Hunger,thirst,sleep,attention,sex,breathing,and many other vital functions are controlled by parts of the

A)subcortex.
B)corpus callosum.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)prefrontal cortex.

Question 16

At age 33,Kate Adamson had a stroke that caused catastrophic damage to her brainstem.She was totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe but was still fully awake and aware.Kate Adamson was experiencing what is known as

A)Broca's aphasia.
B)spatial neglect.
C)locked-in syndrome.
D)neurogenic agnosia.

Question 17

Which of the following parts of the brain can be viewed as a link between the forebrain and the brainstem?

A)corpus callosum
B)midbrain
C)hypothalamus
D)limbic system

Question 18

Which of the following parts of the brain looks like a small bump on the brainstem and acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas?

A)pons
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)limbic system

Question 19

The brainstem consists mainly of the

A)cerebellum and the cerebral cortex.
B)cerebrum and the medulla.
C)medulla and the cerebellum.
D)cerebral cortex and the medulla.

Question 20

The subcortex areas include all of the following brain areas EXCEPT the

A)hypothalamus.
B)hippocampus.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)medulla.

Question 21

Christina enviously watches her tennis rival practice.She admires Sarina's control of the racket and finely coordinated movement.Having just covered the section on the brain in her psychology class,Christina states that Sarina must have a highly developed

A)cerebellum.
B)medulla.
C)hippocampus.
D)pons.

Question 22

Which of the following is a network of fibers and cell bodies that lie inside the medulla and brainstem and is associated with attention,alertness,and some reflexes,such as sneezing and coughing?

A)reticular formation.
B)amygdala.
C)hippocampus.
D)thalamus.

Question 23

Although there is growing evidence of its role in cognition and emotion,which part of the brain primarily regulates posture,muscle tone,and muscular coordination?

A)hypothalamus
B)cerebellum
C)hippocampus
D)limbic system

Question 24

Which part of the hindbrain prioritizes incoming messages and modifies outgoing commands to the body,which affects muscle tone,posture,and movements of the eyes,face,head,body,and limbs?

A)pons
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)reticular formation

Question 25

A sleepy driver rounds a bend and sees a deer standing in the road.The driver snaps to attention and applies the brakes,averting the accident,because his brain was aroused by the

A)parasympathetic nervous system.
B)reticular activating system (RAS).
C)thalamus.
D)pineal gland.

Question 26

Which of the following is a small,football-shaped structure in the forebrain that acts as a final switching station for most incoming sensory information on their way to the cortex?

A)cerebellum
B)reticular formation
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 27

The first symptom(s)of a crippling disease called spinocerebellar degeneration

A)are hyperactivity and a lack of attention.
B)are tremor,dizziness,and muscular weakness.
C)is an inability to recognize faces and familiar surroundings by sight alone.
D)is an inability to store new long-term verbal memories.

Question 28

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in

A)heart stoppage or respiratory failure.
B)a loss of hearing ability.
C)a loss of muscular coordination.
D)having blind spots in one's vision.

Question 29

The thalamus is a football-shaped structure in the forebrain that

A)controls posture,muscle tone,and coordination.
B)acts as a final switching station for most incoming sensory information on their way to the cortex.
C)is associated with attention,alertness,and some reflexes,such as coughing,sneezing,and vomiting.
D)regulates emotions and motives,such as hunger and thirst.

Question 30

Weeks after an automobile accident,a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements.You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the

A)corpus callosum.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla.
D)thalamus.

Question 31

Musicians,who practice special motor skills throughout their lives,have a larger than average

A)pons.
B)limbic system.
C)cerebellum.
D)thalamus.

Question 32

Which part of the brain stores memories related to skills and habits?

A)amygdala
B)thalamus
C)cerebellum
D)reticular formation

Question 33

Damage to the thalamus may affect any of the senses listed below EXCEPT

A)vision.
B)hearing.
C)touch.
D)smell.

Question 34

The reticular formation (RF)is associated with

A)hunger and thirst.
B)attention and wakefulness.
C)sex,rage,and emotion.
D)pleasure and punishment.

Question 35

Jordan has developed a noticeable tremor and is experiencing dizziness and muscular weakness.Her doctor tells her that she has a crippling disease that will eventual progress to the point that she will have difficulty standing,walking,or feeding herself.Jordan most likely has

A)spinocerebellar degeneration.
B)degenerative agnosia.
C)motor aphasia.
D)progressive virilism.

Question 36

The cerebellum stores which type of memory?

A)the names of persons and other personal information
B)skill memories,such as riding a bicycle
C)knowledge of information heard or spoken
D)knowledge of information seen or read

Question 37

Which of the following does not fully mature until adolescence,which may be the reason that children have such short attention spans?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)reticular formation
D)amygdala

Question 38

You begin to doze off in class but suddenly come to awareness when your name is called.The brain part responsible for your sudden arousal is the

A)sympathetic nervous system.
B)reticular activating system (RAS).
C)thalamus.
D)pituitary gland.

Question 39

Regarding the reticular formation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Destruction of the reticular formation causes constant wakefulness.
B)The reticular formation lies inside the brainstem and medulla.
C)The reticular formation is important in the control of attention and arousal.
D)The reticular formation acts as a clearinghouse for incoming information,giving some messages priority while turning others aside.

Question 40

Which brain area receives incoming messages from the sense organs and bombards the cortex with stimulation,keeping the brain active and alert?

A)thalamus
B)medulla
C)reticular activating system
D)limbic system

Question 41

Which part of the forebrain is the size of a grape but is considered the master control center for emotion and many basic motives?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)corpus callosum
D)cerebellum

Question 42

Megan suffers from a phobia of kittens and cats.Even though she consciously understands that she does not have to be afraid of such small creatures,she still exhibits nervousness as she watches her daughter petting a neighbor's gentle cat.Which part of the limbic system causes this fear response that Megan does not understand?

A)hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)amygdala

Question 43

Which part of the brain is responsible for hunger,thirst,sex,body temperature,and hormone secretion?

A)reticular formation
B)pons
C)hypothalamus
D)hippocampus

Question 44

Two structures that are part of the limbic system are the

A)medulla and pons.
B)reticular formation and cerebellum.
C)amygdala and hippocampus.
D)corpus callosum and brainstem.

Question 45

Injury to even small areas of which brain part can cause deafness,blindness,or loss of any other sense,except smell?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Question 46

Which brain area within the forebrain has a major role in producing emotions and motivating behaviors,including rage,fear,sexual response,and laughter?

A)somatosensory cortex
B)endocrine system
C)limbic system
D)reticular activating system

Question 47

A medical student destroys part of a rat's brain so that it later develops a tremendous appetite and continues to eat long after it has acquired ample nutrition.What part of the brain has been damaged?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Question 48

Which brain area was the earliest layer of the forebrain to develop during evolution and helps organize basic survival responses in lower animals,such as feeding,fleeing,fighting,and reproduction?

A)somatosensory cortex
B)endocrine
C)limbic system
D)reticular activating system

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?

A)sex
B)eating and drinking
C)temperature control
D)posture

Question 50

The hypothalamus is a grape-sized structure in the forebrain that

A)controls posture,muscle tone,and coordination and stores skill memories.
B)acts as a final switching station for most incoming sensory information on their way to the cortex.
C)is associated with attention,alertness,and some reflexes,such as coughing,sneezing,and vomiting.
D)is involved in temperature control,hormone release,emotions,and motives,such as hunger and thirst.

Question 51

In situations in which true danger exists,such as in military combat,the rapid response of which part of the limbic system may aid survival?

A)hippocampus
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)amygdala

Question 52

A researcher places an electrode in a cat's limbic system,which he activates.The cat suddenly jumps up,runs to the corner,and prepares to attack.What part of the limbic system was most likely stimulated?

A)hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)amygdala

Question 53

Which part of the forebrain is basically a "crossroads" that connects many areas of the brain and is the last place where many behaviors are organized or "decided on" before these messages leave the brain and cause the body to react?

A)amygdala
B)pons
C)hypothalamus
D)hippocampus

Question 54

The hypothalamus,the hippocampus,the amygdala,and parts of the thalamus make up the system.

A)somatosensory
B)endocrine
C)limbic
D)reticular activating

Question 55

The limbic system includes the

A)medulla,hypothalamus,and thalamus.
B)medulla,cerebellum,pons,and reticular formation.
C)reticular formation,hypothalamus,thalamus,and parts of the cerebellum.
D)hypothalamus,amygdala,hippocampus,and parts of the thalamus.

Question 56

Which part of the limbic system explains why people who suffer from phobias and disabling anxiety often feel afraid without knowing why?

A)amygdala
B)hippocampus
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus

Question 57

The limbic system is responsible for

A)the control of rage,fear,sex,and laughter.
B)language function.
C)heartbeat and breathing regulation.
D)auditory and visual processing.

Question 58

Which part of the limbic system provides a primitive "quick pathway" to the cortex when we are startled,so that we are able to react to dangerous stimuli before we fully know what is going on?

A)hippocampus.
B)amygdala.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thalamus.

Question 59

After a stroke,Jarmaine began having periodic trouble with his hearing,then he began experiencing visual problems,and sometimes even numbness in different parts of his body.Most recently,he is able to smell his wife's cooking and anticipate the flavor of his favorite foods,but alas,the food often does not have any taste.Which part of his brain is malfunctioning?

A)hypothalamus
B)reticular formation
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 60

You are walking down a dark alley with several packages.Behind you,you hear a door open and close suddenly,and you immediately dive behind the nearest trash container.The part of the forebrain mainly responsible for your reaction is the

A)hippocampus.
B)medulla.
C)cerebrum.
D)amygdala.

Question 61

Basic functions of the brain include which of the following?

A)maintaining vital bodily functions and controlling muscles
B)creating consciousness and regulating itself
C)keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs
D)all of these

Question 62

Several areas of the limbic system act as reward,or "pleasure," pathways with many overlapping with the areas that control thirst,sex,and hunger in the

A)cerebellum.
B)reticular formation.
C)hippocampus.
D)hypothalamus.

Question 63

Many of the addictive drugs activate the same pleasure centers as are activated by food and sex.Many of these pleasure centers are located in the

A)hypothalamus.
B)medulla.
C)cerebellum.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 64

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Many of the "pleasure pathways" in the limbic system are found within the reticular formation.
B)When punishment areas in the limbic system are activated,animals show discomfort and will work hard to turn off the stimulation.
C)Commonly abused drugs,such as nicotine and alcohol,activate the same pleasure pathways as sex and food.
D)Music that would be described as "thrilling" can activate pleasure systems in your brain.

Question 65

Unconscious fear produced by which part of the brain seems to explain why people who survive horrible experiences,such as a plane crash or combat during war,can have debilitating fears years later?

A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)reticular activating system
D)somatosensory cortex

Question 66

Regarding the hippocampus,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The hippocampus lies inside the temporal lobes.
B)The hippocampus is associated with forming lasting memories.
C)The hippocampus tells us when to fear dangerous stimuli.
D)The hippocampus helps us navigate through space.

Question 67

Which part of the brain stores lasting verbal memories and helps us navigate through space?

A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)hippocampus

Question 68

Although Marcie remembers all aspects of her life before she experienced brain damage in a terrible fall,each morning she must reread details of her present life that are written in a diary because she is unable to adequately store new memories.The brain damage Marcie experienced was most likely to her

A)amygdala.
B)pons.
C)hypothalamus.
D)hippocampus.

Question 69

Which area of the limbic system will become more active,if you mentally plan a drive across town?

A)the bottom part of the amygdala
B)the left side of the hypothalamus
C)the top part of the thalamus
D)the right side of the hippocampus

Question 70

A detective is shot and suffers brain damage.He is unable to store new memories,so he must relearn information each day from photographs and notes as he tries to find the criminal who shot him.The part of his brain that was most likely damaged was the

A)hypothalamus.
B)hippocampus.
C)somatosensory cortex.
D)amygdala.

Question 71

Which system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system in the body with its secretions passing directly into the bloodstream or lymph system?

A)endocrine
B)reticular activating
C)limbic
D)somatosensory

Question 72

Listening to certain pieces of music can send shivers down your spine because it activates which area of the brain?

A)reticular activating system
B)limbic system
C)midbrain
D)corpus callosum

Question 73

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Many of the "pleasure pathways" in the limbic system are found within the pons.
B)When punishment areas in the limbic system are activated,animals actually show pleasure rather than discomfort and work actively to keep the stimulation turned on.
C)Commonly abused drugs,such as nicotine and alcohol,activate the same pleasure pathways as sex and food.
D)The limbic system is made up of the medulla,cerebellum,pons,and reticular formation.

Question 74

Regarding the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Brain circuitry cannot be significantly changed by outside experiences.
B)Incoming information scatters all over the brain and converges again as it goes out through the spinal cord,to muscles and glands.
C)The brain is a vast information-processing system,keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs.
D)The brain regulates its own behavior and creates the "mind" and the magic of consciousness.

Question 75

Commonly abused drugs,such as cocaine,amphetamine,heroin,nicotine,marijuana,and alcohol,activate pleasure pathways within the system.

A)endocrine
B)reticular activating
C)limbic
D)somatosensory

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic function of the brain?

A)maintaining bodily functions
B)directing muscles and glands
C)creating the magic of consciousness
D)reordering the genetic code during organogenesis

Question 77

By using electrical stimulation,reward (or pleasure centers)and punishment (or "aversive" areas)can be shown to exist in the

A)cerebellum.
B)limbic system.
C)occipital lobe.
D)medulla.

Question 78

Damage to which part of the limbic system would most likely impair memory?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 79

Which part of the brain lies within the temporal lobes and produces memory-like or dream-like experiences when the temporal lobes are stimulated?

A)amygdala
B)hippocampus
C)thalamus
D)pons

Question 80

Hormones are poured into the bloodstream and lymph system by the glands of the system.

A)limbic
B)reticular activating
C)endocrine
D)somatic