Deck 16: Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Question 1

Notable events,such as graduating from high school,getting married,having a child,or the death of a parent are best described as

A)moral dilemmas.
B)developmental tasks.
C)psychosocial dilemmas.
D)developmental milestones.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Maggie always feeds and cares for her newborn infant whenever he shows signs of hunger or discomfort.By providing her infant with this predictable care,Erikson would say that Maggie's infant will

A)develop trust.
B)become spoiled.
C)develop a mistrust in his own abilities.
D)become overstimulated by so much attention.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following proposed the eight stages of psychosocial development?

A)Jean Piaget
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Erik Erikson
D)Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct match between the psychosocial stage and its age range?

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt---------adolescence
B)trust versus mistrust--------------------------young adulthood
C)initiative versus guilt--------------------------ages one to three years
D)industry versus inferiority--------------------ages six to 12 years

Question 5

Infants who receive inadequate or unpredictable care or have parents who are cold,indifferent,or rejecting tend to develop

A)shame and doubt.
B)guilt.
C)mistrust.
D)inferiority.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct match between the psychosocial stage and its age range?

A)generativity versus stagnation----------------late adulthood
B)industry versus inferiority---------------------young adulthood
C)initiative versus guilt---------------------------ages three to five years
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt----------birth to one year

Question 7

Every life is marked by a number of notable events,markers,or turning points in personal development known as

A)moral dilemmas.
B)developmental tasks.
C)psychosocial dilemmas.
D)developmental milestones.

Question 8

Skills that must be mastered or personal changes that must be made for optimal development,such as learning to read,adjusting to sexual maturity,or establishing a vocation,are best described as

A)developmental milestones.
B)psychosocial dilemmas.
C)moral dilemmas.
D)developmental tasks.

Question 9

A toddler who is learning to use the toilet and sometimes feels bad when he or she has "accidents" is in which of Erikson's stages?

A)identity versus role confusion
B)initiative versus guilt
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt
D)industry versus inferiority

Question 10

According to Erikson,the major conflict in the first year of life is that between

A)trust versus mistrust.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
D)relatedness versus isolation.

Question 11

At each life stage,which of the following must be mastered for optimal development?

A)developmental initiatives
B)developmental tasks
C)personality crises
D)personality skills

Question 12

Because she does not want to "spoil" her new baby,Theresa feeds and takes care of her baby's physical needs when she thinks the baby needs the care,not when the baby cries to indicate his needs.If Theresa continues caring for the baby in this way,the baby is likely to develop

A)trust.
B)mistrust.
C)autonomy.
D)shame and doubt.

Question 13

Which of the following develops from the same conditions that help babies become securely attached to their parents?

A)autonomy
B)trust
C)intimacy
D)integrity

Question 14

According to Erikson,the development of mistrust as an infant may lead to

A)a physical dependence on others.
B)the tendency to try to please others.
C)a lack of initiative.
D)insecurity and an inability to relate to others.

Question 15

Jayden is a neonate.As she begins her journey through the life span,the first psychosocial dilemma she will face,according to Erikson,will be

A)independence versus dependence.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)trust versus mistrust.
D)attachment versus confusion.

Question 16

Erikson termed the conflicts one experiences between personal impulses and the social world

A)developmental milestones.
B)psychosocial dilemmas.
C)moral dilemmas.
D)developmental tasks.

Question 17

Erikson felt that each stage of development was distinguished by a(n)

A)need for approval.
B)psychosocial dilemma.
C)sexual conflict.
D)attachment dilemma.

Question 18

We face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of life,according to

A)Jean Piaget.
B)Lawrence Kohlberg.
C)Erik Erikson.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 19

Erikson believes that the major developmental task facing a child in the second stage of development is

A)developing trust.
B)mastering psychomotor skills.
C)developing a sense of autonomy.
D)learning a sense of industry.

Question 20

According to Erikson,between one and three years of age,the primary developmental crisis is autonomy versus

A)shame and doubt.
B)mistrust.
C)guilt.
D)feelings of inferiority.

Question 21

When teenagers question "who they are" and "what they will become," they are experiencing which conflict?

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)identity versus role confusion

Question 22

It is important for parents to allow toddlers to do things for themselves since overprotecting them or ridiculing their efforts may cause toddlers to lack confidence in their abilities and become overly dependent on their parents.These conflicts are part of Erikson's psychosocial stage known as

A)initiative versus guilt.
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C)industry versus inferiority.
D)generativity versus stagnation.

Question 23

A child who is just starting school and trying to develop learning skills is in Erikson's stage called

A)initiative versus guilt.
B)industry versus inferiority.
C)generativity versus stagnation.
D)integrity versus despair.

Question 24

Two-year-old Marcus wants to dress,eat,and walk without his mother's assistance.Erikson would say that the child is operating at the stage of

A)initiative versus guilt.
B)industry versus inferiority.
C)trust versus mistrust.
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 25

Initiative is fostered by

A)giving a child the freedom to play,to use imagination,and to choose activities.
B)a child's experience with toilet training.
C)acquiring a stable and consistent identity.
D)learning a sense of industry.

Question 26

Talia is 17 years old and is dealing with her conflicting experiences as a student,friend,athlete,worker,daughter,and girlfriend.In the next few years,Talia must integrate these experiences into a unified sense of self.According to Erikson,Talia is experiencing which psychosocial dilemma?

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)identity versus role confusion

Question 27

According to Erikson,a person entering adolescence can expect the major developmental task to center around the need to

A)develop trust in others.
B)achieve intimacy with another.
C)acquire personal autonomy.
D)develop a unified sense of self.

Question 28

Pedro is eight years old and is in elementary school.According to Erikson's theory,the major conflict for Pedro is

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)industry versus inferiority.
D)identity versus role confusion.

Question 29

Little Billy is constantly climbing,exploring,and trying to do things for himself.His parents try to restrict this exploring and also tend to ridicule his efforts when he makes a mess.According to Erikson,the actions of Billy's parents may cause Billy to feel

A)shame and doubt.
B)guilt.
C)mistrust.
D)inferiority.

Question 30

Conflicts involving intimacy,generativity,and integrity are characteristic of

A)infancy.
B)childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)adulthood.

Question 31

A failure to develop a consistent identity results in

A)isolation.
B)inferiority.
C)role confusion.
D)stagnation.

Question 32

Megan is four years old.Her parents tend to restrict her play by choosing activities for her.They also have told her that she asks too many questions.According to Erikson,Megan is likely to develop

A)role confusion.
B)guilt.
C)mistrust.
D)inferiority.

Question 33

Through play,preschoolers learn to make plans and carry out tasks during which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

A)trust versus mistrust
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)initiative versus guilt
D)industry versus inferiority

Question 34

According to Erikson,if a child fails to learn the skills valued by society,such as reading and math,or if their efforts to perform these skills are considered inadequate,they may develop feelings of

A)shame and doubt.
B)despair.
C)stagnation.
D)inferiority.

Question 35

According to Erikson,if children win praise for the productive activities valued by society,such as hard work,reading,and math,they will develop a sense of

A)initiative.
B)autonomy.
C)generativity.
D)industry.

Question 36

Jeb is finishing high school,and he does not know whether he wants to go to college or get a job.Rather than explore the options,he chooses to stay home during the summer and watch television.Erikson would say that Jeb is exhibiting

A)shame and doubt.
B)despair.
C)role confusion.
D)stagnation.

Question 37

According to Erikson,the major task during young adulthood is successful achievement of

A)a unified sense of self.
B)meaningful relationships with others.
C)personal and civic responsibility.
D)a stable identity and personality structure.

Question 38

If her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions,to use her imagination,and give her the freedom to choose activities,according to Erikson,they are encouraging Tanya to develop

A)industry.
B)identity.
C)generativity.
D)initiative.

Question 39

Pretend play is an important component of which of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas?

A)trust versus mistrust
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)initiative versus guilt
D)industry versus inferiority

Question 40

For the first time,teachers,peers,and adults outside the home become important in shaping attitudes toward oneself in Erikson's stage of

A)trust versus mistrust.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)industry versus inferiority.
D)integrity versus despair.

Question 41

College students in their 20s who are developing life-long friendships are in which psychosocial stage?

A)industry versus inferiority
B)generativity versus stagnation
C)integrity versus despair
D)intimacy versus isolation

Question 42

Generativity refers to

A)concern for the welfare of others and society as a whole.
B)the desire to have children and thereby ensure survival of the species.
C)the ability to establish adequate social and financial security.
D)active acceptance of aging and the social changes it brings.

Question 43

Ellis,who is in his 70s,enjoys telling his grandchildren about his life experiences.Although he says that there are a few things in his life he regrets,Ellis says overall,"I had a nice ride through life,and you can't ask for anything more than that." According to Erikson,Ellis is exhibiting a great deal of

A)autonomy.
B)industry.
C)generativity.
D)integrity.

Question 44

According to Erikson,individuals in their 70s and 80s are facing a time of reflection and the psychosocial conflict of

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)identity versus role confusion.
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 45

Emily is a middle-aged woman who lives alone.Her income is secure and her life is comfortable.Still,she seems unhappy and without direction,possibly because she lacks

A)autonomy.
B)disengagement.
C)generativity.
D)a sense of identity.

Question 46

If a person fails to develop a sense of integrity and self-respect in later adulthood,feelings of which of the following tend to result?

A)despair
B)isolation
C)mistrust
D)stagnation

Question 47

People who have lived richly and responsibly are able to face aging and death with dignity because they have developed a sense of

A)generativity.
B)integrity.
C)identity.
D)autonomy.

Question 48

Paula has been a teacher for 20 years,and she is still trying to find new,creative ways to help her students learn. Erikson would say that Paula is exhibiting

A)initiative.
B)integrity.
C)generativity.
D)industry.

Question 49

Failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a concern for only one's own needs and comforts,resulting in what Erikson called

A)apathy.
B)mistrust.
C)despair.
D)stagnation.

Question 50

Elaine and Jeffery have been married for five years.Elaine spends her time taking care of their two-year-old son,while Jeffery spends his time watching television or going out "with the guys." She and Jeffery do not share any common interests,and they seldom talk to each other except about their son.Erikson would say that Elaine is experiencing

A)mistrust.
B)isolation.
C)inferiority.
D)despair.

Question 51

According to Erikson,an interest in guiding the next generation provides emotional balance during

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)late adulthood.

Question 52

Marshall has retired from his job and finds life very unsatisfying.As he reflects over his life,he sees himself as a failure and his life as a series of missed opportunities.Erikson would say that Marshall is experiencing

A)shame and doubt.
B)guilt.
C)stagnation.
D)despair.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a way that generativity can be expressed?

A)through productive or creative work
B)by guiding one's own children or helping other children as a teacher or a coach.
C)as a concern for the welfare of others and society as a whole.
D)through a concern with one's own needs and comforts

Question 54

According to Erikson,the conflict of middle adulthood in which self-interest is countered by an interest in guiding the next generation is known as

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)identity versus role confusion.
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 55

Sidney has been a teacher for 23 years.He has been feeling trapped in "this life" for the last five years and finds his teaching efforts unappreciated and poorly compensated.So,in the middle of the semester,he quits his job,divorces his wife,and moves to a large city to start over in a sales job.Erikson would say that Sidney was experiencing

A)stagnation.
B)isolation.
C)despair.
D)role confusion.

Question 56

By intimacy,Erikson means the ability to

A)develop relationships with others and share experiences with them.
B)have satisfying sexual relationships with another person.
C)understand one's self and others.
D)guide others and the world through productive work.

Question 57

Joel and Janae are a young married couple who not only care deeply for each other but also consider each other their best friend.Erikson would say that Joel and Janae are exhibiting

A)generativity.
B)intimacy.
C)integrity.
D)dependency.

Question 58

According to Erikson's theory,aging and the threat of death become sources of fear and depression when an elderly person lacks

A)industry.
B)integrity.
C)trust.
D)generativity.

Question 59

According to Erikson,failure to resolve a psychosocial dilemma or crisis at a particular life stage

A)causes a person to become psychotic.
B)leads to a person developing antisocial tendencies.
C)makes it harder for the person to deal with the later crises.
D)causes a person to become fixated at this stage leading to anxiety and repression.

Question 60

Regarding the psychosocial dilemma of intimacy versus isolation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The psychosocial dilemma of intimacy versus isolation occurs during the period known as young adulthood.
B)Marriage or sexual involvement is one guarantee that intimacy will prevail.
C)Failure to establish intimacy with others leads to a deep sense of isolation.
D)Failure to establish intimacy often sets the stage for later difficulties.

Question 61

Regarding puberty,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Puberty means the same as adolescence.
B)Puberty is considered both a social and a cultural designation.
C)Puberty is the period of growth and hormonal changes that leads to sexual maturity.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 62

According to Erikson,a new balance is established between the person and society when the person

A)resolves the conflict between the id and the superego.
B)copes successfully with neurotic and moral anxiety.
C)becomes fixated at a psychosocial stage.
D)resolves the psychosocial dilemma at each life stage.

Question 63

David has experienced early maturation.Compared to boys who mature later,we can expect David to

A)be less poised and more anxious.
B)be less popular.
C)be more likely to get into trouble with drugs and alcohol.
D)exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 64

The biologically-defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction is

A)puberty.
B)adolescence.
C)andropause.
D)emerging adulthood.

Question 65

Early maturation in boys

A)is generally beneficial.
B)creates less poised and more anxious individuals.
C)is associated with the boys being less likely to get into trouble with drugs,alcohol,and antisocial behavior.
D)leads to less prestige among peers.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the primary criteria for adult status in North America today?

A)getting married
B)taking responsibility for oneself
C)making independent decisions
D)becoming financially independent

Question 67

Resolving the psychosocial dilemma at each stage

A)creates a new balance between a person and society.
B)restores the balance between the id and ego.
C)signals a new stage of cognitive development.
D)makes it harder for the person to deal with later crises.

Question 68

Regarding adolescence and puberty,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)During adolescence,a person's identity and moral values come into sharper focus.
B)The period of adolescence is recognized in nearly all cultures.
C)Adolescence is considered the same as the period called puberty.
D)The length of adolescence varies greatly among cultures.

Question 69

Kao Yee would be considered to have adult status because she

A)got married.
B)had a baby.
C)has left her parents' home and has a job.
D)graduated from college.

Question 70

Regarding puberty,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Most people reach reproductive maturity in their early teens.
B)Most people reach social and intellectual maturity before they reach reproductive maturity.
C)High rates of teenage pregnancy and drug abuse may be due to adolescents' mental and social skills being immature.
D)Puberty is a biological event,not a social status.

Question 71

The culturally-defined period of life between childhood and adulthood is known as

A)puberty.
B)adolescence.
C)andropause.
D)early life transition.

Question 72

The time in a person's life known as puberty is

A)a culturally-defined period between childhood and adulthood.
B)a stage of biological stability but social upheaval.
C)recognized as the time between 13 and 18 in all cultures.
D)a biologically-defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction.

Question 73

Terrel,a freshman in high school,participates in all the sports on campus and would be described as relaxed,dominant,self­assured,and popular.This year,he has started "hanging out" with some of the older students and has even experimented with alcohol and marijuana.Terrel is most likely

A)experiencing depression.
B)late in forming his identity.
C)an early maturing boy.
D)all of these.

Question 74

The life stage known as adolescence is

A)a biologically defined event that begins at puberty.
B)a culturally-defined period between childhood and adulthood.
C)a stage of biological stability but social upheaval.
D)recognized as the time between 13 and 18 in all cultures.

Question 75

Gabe is a late-maturing boy.Compared to boys who mature earlier,we can expect Gabe to

A)be less likely to get in trouble with drugs,alcohol,and truancy.
B)be more poised,relaxed,and self-assured.
C)prematurely form his identity.
D)have social and athletic advantages.

Question 76

Elisha is an early maturing girl.Compared to the late maturing girls,we can expect Elisha to

A)date sooner and engage in sex at an earlier age.
B)have a more positive self-image in elementary school.
C)be less likely to get into trouble in junior high and high school.
D)have delayed identity formation.

Question 77

According to Erikson,a person will have a more difficult time dealing with later crises if the person

A)became fixated at a psychosocial stage.
B)experienced overwhelming psychogenic anxiety.
C)failed to resolve a psychosocial dilemma at a particular life stage.
D)showed generativity regarding their resolution of other psychosocial stages.

Question 78

Emily is a late maturing girl.Compared to the early maturing girls,we can expect Emily to

A)be more likely to get in trouble in junior high.
B)have greater peer prestige and adult approval in junior high.
C)be more independent and more active in junior high.
D)be less at risk for premature identity formation.

Question 79

Regarding psychosocial development and the resolution of the psychosocial dilemmas,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A psychosocial dilemma is a conflict between personal impulses and the social world.
B)Knowing about the psychosocial dilemmas may allow you to anticipate typical trouble spots in your own life.
C)Knowing about the psychosocial dilemmas may help you to be better prepared to understand the problems and feelings of friends and relatives at various points in the life cycle.
D)A string of "successes" in life tends to make us weak,while dealing with unfavorable outcomes makes us stronger and better able to deal with later crises.

Question 80

Megan is 13 years old.Her body is maturing sexually,and she is capable of reproduction.Thus,Megan is in the biologically-defined period known as

A)puberty.
B)adolescence.
C)andropause.
D)emerging adulthood.