Deck 32: Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Question 1

Rhonda has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit.So,she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention.Rhonda is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

A)breaking up response chains
B)cues and antecedents
C)alternate responses
D)extinction

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Requiring a resistant child to eat half of each of the foods on his dinner plate before receiving a favorite dessert is an example of

A)generalized reinforcers.
B)punishment.
C)the Premack principle.
D)the partial reinforcement effect.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Arnold wants to increase the amount of time he exercises.When he reaches his goal for the first day,he relaxes after exercises and watches an episode of one of his favorite sitcoms while cooling down and drinking water.He does this after every day of exercise.At the end of the week of successful days of exercise,Arnold treats himself to a movie.During this behavioral self-management program,Arnold has set up daily and weekly

A)antecedents.
B)baselines.
C)reinforcers.
D)response costs.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following involves listing how much time you currently spend performing the specific activity or counting the number of desired or undesired responses you make each day?

A)establishing goals
B)recording a baseline
C)choosing a target behavior
D)setting up reinforcers and punishers

Question 5

Monica is engaging in behavioral self-management to eat healthier and lose weight.After she chooses these target behaviors,Monica counts the number of healthy foods and the number of unhealthy foods she is currently consuming each week.Monica is

A)establishing goals.
B)recording a baseline.
C)adjusting her plan.
D)setting up reinforcers and punishers.

Question 6

Juan likes to play video games,but he also needs to increase his exercise time.So,he decides to only play a video game after he has exercised for 30 minutes.Using video game playing as a reward for exercising illustrates the use of

A)the Premack principle.
B)latent learning.
C)higher order conditioning.
D)the law of association.

Question 7

If you want to exercise more,attend more classes,concentrate longer,or read more books,one of the best solutions would be to

A)attend a Gestalt encounter group.
B)use behavioral self-management.
C)use systematic desensitization.
D)learn and use self-hypnosis.

Question 8

In setting realistic goals for gradual improvement on each successive week during behavioral self-management,it is important to remember the principle of

A)extinction.
B)response cost.
C)shaping.
D)stimulus generalization.

Question 9

Mary wants to increase the amount of time that she studies each night for school.Which of the following should NOT be a part of her behavioral self-management plan?

A)a recorded baseline
B)weekly goals and an ultimate goal
C)daily reward and weekly reward for reaching goals
D)daily punisher and weekly punisher for not meeting goals

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a strategy mentioned in your textbook for changing bad habits?

A)alternate responses
B)breaking up response chains
C)cognitive mapping
D)cues and antecedents

Question 11

The first step in using "behavioral self­management" is to

A)choose reinforcers.
B)establish goals.
C)choose a target behavior.
D)record two baselines.

Question 12

Choosing a target behavior,recording a baseline,establishing goals,choosing reinforcers,recording progress, rewarding progress,and adjusting one's plan are the steps making up a procedure known as

A)behavioral self-management.
B)top-down processing.
C)cognitive mapping.
D)perceptual habituation.

Question 13

The idea that a high frequency response can be used to reinforce a low frequency response was proposed by

A)Olds.
B)Skinner.
C)Wolfe.
D)Premack.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a step in the behavioral self-management program discussed in your textbook?

A)choose a target behavior
B)record a baseline
C)choose reinforcing and punishing self-statements
D)adjust your plan as you learn more about your behavior

Question 15

The Premack principle states that

A)primary reinforcers are the best rewards.
B)secondary reinforcers are the best rewards.
C)things you like to do can act as rewards.
D)the entire response must be completed before rewards are most effective.

Question 16

A strategy for breaking bad habits that involves trying to get the same reinforcement using a new response is known as the strategy of

A)alternate responses.
B)breaking up response chains.
C)cues and antecedents.
D)extinction.

Question 17

The principles of which of the following have been adapted for use in behavioral self-management?

A)divergent thinking
B)operant conditioning
C)cognitive mapping
D)self-hypnosis

Question 18

When April is stressed and wants to relax,she has always reached for a glass of wine.However,she wants to break this use of alcohol as a means of relaxation,so she learns stress management techniques and now uses them when she feels stressed.April is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

A)breaking up response chains
B)cues and antecedents
C)alternate responses
D)extinction

Question 19

In behavioral self-management,the activity you want to change is called the

A)goal gradient.
B)baseline.
C)primary reinforcer.
D)target behavior.

Question 20

If you watch television every night and want to study more,make it a rule not to turn on the set until you have studied for an hour.Then,lengthen the requirement each week.Using the television watching as a reinforcement for studying is an example of

A)latent learning.
B)the Premack principle.
C)higher order conditioning.
D)the law of association.

Question 21

Which of the following instances would be the most effective use of mild punishment in a behavioral contract?

A)A person wanting to lose weight sends money to a political candidate he detests if he does not meet a specific loss of weight by a weekly weigh-in.
B)A person uses a metal cigarette holder with a tip that is heated by the burning tobacco to make smoking unpleasant.
C)A person records the feedback of those around him in order to change his outlook and mood.
D)A person has to spend an hour studying before he can watch a half hour of TV.

Question 22

Most nights Ian comes home from work,turns on the TV,and eats a whole bag of cookies or chips.He then takes a shower and changes clothes.By supper time,he has lost his appetite.Ian realizes he is substituting junk food for supper.For instance,he could shower immediately when he gets home or avoid turning on the TV until after supper. Ian will be utilizing the strategy that involves

A)breaking up response chains.
B)cues and antecedents.
C)alternate responses.
D)extinction.

Question 23

Which of the following involves a simple tally of response frequencies that can help you break undesirable behavior patterns and provides feedback about your progress in developing desirable behaviors?

A)cognitive mapping
B)cumulative charting
C)self-recording
D)response chaining

Question 24

Greg has not been making any progress toward his weight loss for the past six months.So,he and his wife draw up a formal agreement in which he states that he will meet weekly weight loss goals with the rewards for meeting these goals listed and the consequences he will incur if he does not meet his weekly goal.Greg and his wife are utilizing which of the following to help Greg lose weight?

A)the Premack principle
B)higher order conditioning
C)a behavioral contract
D)self-recording

Question 25

Self-management based on keeping records of response frequencies is known as

A)the Premack principle.
B)observational learning.
C)self-recording.
D)response chaining.

Question 26

When trying to change a bad habit,if a person were to finally discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and then remove,avoid,or delay the reinforcement,we would say this person has utilized the technique known as

A)extinction.
B)modeling.
C)breaking response chains.
D)cues and antecedents.

Question 27

The key to any self-management program is

A)self-recording because it provides feedback.
B)social support because it provides positive reinforcement needed.
C)punishment because it helps you decrease the unwanted behavior.
D)adjusting your schedule because it is important to be flexible.

Question 28

Fatima has developed a habit of taking longer and longer "breaks" to watch TV when she should be studying.Obviously,TV watching is reinforcing her break taking.To improve her study habits,Fatima could delay reinforcement by studying at the library or some other location a good distance from her TV.In this way,she will remove the reinforcement for "taking breaks." This strategy for breaking bad habits is known as

A)modeling.
B)extinction.
C)shaping.
D)latent learning.

Question 29

In a self-management program,self-recording

A)provides feedback and lets you know if you are reaching your goal.
B)involves setting goals and readjusting them.
C)is only effective if extra rewards are utilized.
D)is only effective if the Premack principle is utilized.

Question 30

Tomas and Eric have both developed a habit of walking over to each other's offices when they want to take a break from their work.However these breaks have increasingly gotten longer and louder because they enjoy talking to each other.Recently both Tomas and Eric have had to take more and more work home to finish plus getting the "evil eye" stare from the boss several times.Tomas and Eric have decided to only see each other at lunch and after work and to not go to each other's offices unless it is required by office business.By doing this,Tomas and Eric have removed the reinforcement for "hanging out" at the office and also increased their productivity during working hours. This strategy for breaking bad habits is known as

A)modeling.
B)extinction.
C)shaping.
D)latent learning.

Question 31

Regarding self-recording,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Self-recording works because people tend to react to being observed,even when they are the ones watching their own behavior.
B)When one uses self-recording,he or she is more likely to engage in desired behaviors and less likely to perform undesired behaviors.
C)Record keeping can be motivating as one begins to make progress.
D)In self-recording,one should use a chart that records the number of times the behavior occurred,where it occurred,the time it occurred,and one's feelings.

Question 32

If you scramble the sequence of events that precede an undesirable response,you are

A)extinguishing primary reinforcers.
B)utilizing cues and antecedents.
C)programming alternate responses.
D)breaking up response chains.

Question 33

If you try to avoid,narrow down,or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit,you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

A)breaking up response chains.
B)cues and antecedents.
C)alternate responses.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 34

Tina always seems to be a little late for work every morning because she spends so much time drinking coffee and reading the morning paper that she has to rush through her shower and her selection of clothes.So,she has decided to get a cup of coffee and drink it while selecting her clothes,then take a shower,and,if any time remains,she will have a second cup of coffee and read the morning paper.Tina is utilizing the strategy that involves

A)breaking up response chains.
B)cues and antecedents.
C)alternate responses.
D)extinction.

Question 35

David is a recovering alcoholic.He has not had a drink in eight months.David has avoided parties where alcohol is served,found new friends who do not drink and stayed away from bars.Of the strategies listed in your text for breaking a bad habit,David is using the one involving

A)breaking up response chains.
B)cues and antecedents.
C)alternate responses.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 36

Brandon wants to cut down on smoking.So,he removes ashtrays,matches,and extra cigarettes from his house and office,keeping them only in the car.Of the strategies listed in your textbook for breaking a bad habit,Brandon is using the one involving

A)breaking up response chains.
B)cues and antecedents.
C)alternate responses.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 37

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

A)the Premack principle.
B)higher order conditioning.
C)a behavioral contract.
D)self-recording.

Question 38

Self-recording is important in managing your own behavior because

A)you cannot learn anything without rewards.
B)simply knowing that you are reaching a goal is rewarding.
C)you need to know when you are over-rewarding yourself.
D)you need to apply the Premack principle.

Question 39

Ginger has been procrastinating on finishing her dissertation.So,she and her fiance draw up a formal agreement in which she states that she will meet weekly deadlines on the number of pages she will complete and the rewards she will receive,such as eating out at her favorite restaurant,and the consequences she will incur,such as chores she hates to do.Ginger and her fiance are utilizing which of the following to help Ginger finish her dissertation?

A)the Premack principle
B)higher order conditioning
C)a behavioral contract
D)self-recording

Question 40

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

A)system of self-management.
B)new type of service contract.
C)use of higher order conditioning.
D)illustration of the Premack principle.

Question 41

In a behavioral contract,you state a specific problem behavior you want to control,or a goal you want to achieve as well as stating the rewards you will receive,privileges you will forfeit,or punishments you must accept with the contract being signed by you and a person you trust.

Question 42

When using behavioral self-management,one primarily utilizes the principles of classical conditioning.

Question 43

Elaine wants to get to her classes,work,and church on time,so she keeps a tally sheet in her car with two columns labeled "On time" and "Late," and she puts a mark in each column to count the number of times she is on time and the number of times she is late.Elaine is keeping track of the frequency of her responses through .

Question 44

In a behavioral self-management program,self-recording tends to encourage desirable behaviors because people tend to react to being observed,even when they are the ones watching their own behavior.

Question 45

Most nights Ian comes home from work,turns on the TV,eats a whole bag of cookies or chips,then takes a shower,and changes clothes.By dinnertime he has lost his appetite.Ian could solve this problem by not turning on the TV but heading to the shower first.By changing the order of activities that precede dinner,he is breaking the
__________.

Question 46

Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response,according to principle.

Question 47

The first step in a behavioral self-management plan is to establish goals.

Question 48

Choosing a target behavior,recording a baseline,establishing goals,choosing reinforcers,recording progress,
rewarding progress,and adjusting one's plan are the steps making up a procedure known as .

Question 49

Explain why self-recording is so important to a behavioral self-management program.

Question 50

The strategy for breaking bad habits that consists of trying to discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and removing,avoiding,or delaying the reinforcement involves the use of the operant conditioning principle of
__________.

Question 51

The Premack principle states that activities you like doing,such as watching television,can serve as reinforcers for activities that you want to increase,such as studying more.

Question 52

A strategy for breaking bad habits that involves trying to get the same reinforcement using a new response is known as the strategy of cues and antecedents.

Question 53

Select a behavior that you would like to increase or decrease;describe how you would set up a behavioral self- management program for this behavior;and explain how the Premack principle could be used.

Question 54

Provide an example of how each of the following strategies could be used to change a bad habit:
a.reinforcing alternative responses,
b.utilizing extinction,
c.breaking response chains,and
d.avoiding antecedent cues.

Question 55

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as a(n).