Deck 56: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Question 1

You have agreed to give a speech before a large crowd.You will most likely to invite disaster if you perceive the speech as a

A)challenge.
B)threat.
C)primary appraisal.
D)secondary appraisal.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Morgan finds riding rollercoasters thrilling and fun,while her friend Abby finds this activity distressing and terrifying.Thus,to know if an activity causes a person eustress or distress depends on

A)whether the somatic or autonomic nervous system is involved.
B)what meaning the person places on events.
C)how each person's limbic system interprets the situation.
D)whether the person has a Type A or Type B personality.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A study found that poorer women in California are more likely to die if they live in better-off neighborhoods than if they live in poorer neighborhoods.According to the authors of your textbook,this difference in life expectancy is due to the

A)women in the better-off neighborhoods working longer hours at more stressful jobs.
B)extra stress that the women living in the better-off neighborhoods feel from being constantly reminded that they are relatively poor.
C)women in the poorer neighborhoods having better social support than the women in the better-off neighborhoods.
D)better health care options available to the women in the poorer neighborhoods as compared to the health care options available to those in the better-off neighborhoods.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Regarding stress and poverty,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The United States currently has the largest income inequalities in the developed world.
B)Greeks earn,on average,less than half of what Americans earn and yet have a longer life expectancy.
C)Being constantly reminded that you are relatively poor piles on an extra measure of stress and shortens one's life expectancy.
D)Poorer women in California are less likely to die if they live in better-off neighborhoods than if they live in poorer neighborhoods.

Question 5

A tornado warning listing the counties involved appears on the television screen.During the time you are reading the names of the counties to determine if the tornado is coming near your town,you are in which threat management step,according to Lazarus?

A)primary appraisal
B)secondary appraisal
C)the reaction stage
D)the decision stage

Question 6

Which psychologist stated that there are two important steps in managing a threat,which are primary appraisal and secondary appraisal?

A)Hans Selye
B)Donald Meichenbaum
C)Martin Seligman
D)Richard Lazarus

Question 7

A study found that Americans have a shorter life expectancy than the Greeks,who earn,on average,less than half of what Americans earn.According to the authors of your textbook,this difference in life expectancy is due to the

A)extra stress Americans feel from being constantly reminded that they are relatively poor compared to other Americans.
B)Greeks' more stable economy and their placing less emphasis on obtaining money and material goods.
C)Greek culture's emphasis on leisure and less work.
D)better health care plans afforded people in European countries than in America.

Question 8

You have agreed to give a speech before a large crowd.You will most likely experience a better performance if you perceive the speech as a

A)challenge.
B)threat.
C)primary appraisal.
D)secondary appraisal.

Question 9

Regarding stress and poverty,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)According to the World Health Organization,1.2 billion people around the world live in absolute poverty,surviving on less than a dollar a day.
B)Greeks earn,on average,only a little less than what Americans earn and have a shorter life expectancy.
C)In general,the poorer people are,the more their health suffers and the lower is their life expectancy.
D)Poorer women in California are more likely to die if they live in better-off neighborhoods than if they live in poorer neighborhoods.

Question 10

An especially strong stress reaction follows whenever a stressor

A)is controllable.
B)is manageable.
C)is appraised as a threat.
D)becomes externalized.

Question 11

Your mother would find it very stressful to listen to five of her son's hip hop CDs in a row,while the son would find it stressful to listen to his mother's opera CDs.Thus,to know if a person is stressed,you must know

A)whether the somatic nervous system is involved.
B)what meaning the person places on events.
C)how the limbic system interprets the situation.
D)whether the person has a Type A or Type B personality.

Question 12

A specific condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person is known as a(n)

A)activator.
B)stressor.
C)shocker.
D)energizer.

Question 13

When a stressful event happens,our emotions will be affected most by

A)the amount of time it will take to deal with the situation.
B)how we appraise this situation.
C)whether the somatic nervous is aroused or not.
D)whether pressure or frustration is felt.

Question 14

Ralph sees his new door-to-door sales job as a threat because he sometimes encounters hostile strangers.Tom views the same job as a chance to meet an interesting variety of people.Their emotional responses will almost surely differ due to differences in their

A)primary appraisals.
B)cortical emotions.
C)secondary appraisals.
D)perceptual sets.

Question 15

The time during which you decide if a situation is relevant or irrelevant to you and whether the situation is threatening or a positive challenge is known as

A)the decision stage.
B)primary appraisal.
C)the reaction stage.
D)secondary appraisal.

Question 16

Ultimately,stress depends upon

A)how a situation is perceived.
B)whether or not the somatic nervous system is involved.
C)how the limbic system interprets the situation.
D)having a Type A or Type B personality.

Question 17

Deciding that the spider on your arm is a black widow would be an example of

A)fight-or-flight.
B)cortical emotion.
C)primary appraisal.
D)secondary appraisal.

Question 18

Carmen is more likely to experience powerful and uncomfortable stress reactions if she views a stressor as a

A)challenge during primary appraisal.
B)challenge during secondary appraisal.
C)threat during primary appraisal.
D)threat during secondary appraisal.

Question 19

Primary appraisal refers to the stage in emotional adjustment during which

A)the means of meeting a threat is chosen.
B)the pros and cons of a particular course of action are weighed.
C)one decides if a situation is threatening or not.
D)vague feelings of anxiety begin.

Question 20

Primary and secondary appraisal are the steps that occur when a person is

A)coping with threatening situations.
B)developing a romantic situation.
C)trying to defeat a polygraph examination.
D)studying body language and other aspects of kinesics.

Question 21

You are hiking through a national forest when something moves under the leaves ahead and to your left.You then see the creature and determine that it is indeed a poisonous snake.Deciding how you will react and avoid getting bit is known as

A)primary appraisal.
B)the adaptation phase.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)the reactive plan stage.

Question 22

Secondary appraisal refers to the stage in emotional adjustment during which

A)the means of meeting a threat is chosen.
B)one decides if a situation is relevant or irrelevant.
C)one decides if a situation is threatening or not.
D)vague feelings of anxiety begin.

Question 23

The intensity of the body's stress reaction ultimately depends on

A)what we think and tell ourselves about stressors.
B)rumors and misattributions.
C)misperceptions of physiological arousal.
D)the gender,age,and personality of the individual.

Question 24

After becoming aware that a tornado is coming toward his community,John begins to think about how he will meet this threat,such as moving his family to the basement.John is in which threat management step,according to Lazarus?

A)primary appraisal
B)the adaptation phase
C)the reactive plan stage
D)secondary appraisal

Question 25

Sarah goes into her final exams feeling like she doesn't know anything,that she is dumb,and that she is going to fail every exam.She will probably have a more intense reaction to stress than other people because

A)in general she has more stress in her life.
B)she feels she lacks the ability to cope with the demands of finals.
C)she is undergoing school-related mental,physical,and emotional exhaustion.
D)she has a Type A personality with a great deal of anger and hostility.

Question 26

The time during which one develops a plan and chooses a means of meeting a threat is called

A)primary appraisal.
B)the adaptation phase.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)the reactive plan stage.

Question 27

People are particularly prone to stress when they cannot,or think they cannot

A)control their immediate environments.
B)decide if situations are threatening or not.
C)predict the future.
D)grieve enough following death or disaster.

Question 28

A stressful condition that occurs when a person must respond at or near maximum capacity for long time periods is known as

A)pressure.
B)frustration.
C)anxiety.
D)conflict.

Question 29

In the experiment in which college students breathed air with increased amounts of carbon dioxide through a mask,the students found it much LESS stressful if they

A)were surprised by the trials that contained the increased amount of carbon dioxide.
B)were told which trial would contain an increased amount of carbon dioxide.
C)did not have to control the amount of carbon dioxide entering the mask.
D)experienced repeated trials of the "surprise whiffs" of carbon dioxide in increased amounts.

Question 30

A stressful sense of threat is likely to occur when people not only perceive that they lack control over the situation but also have a perceived

A)sense of displacement.
B)state of sublimation.
C)need to change secondary risk factors.
D)lack of competence.

Question 31

Kirby and Marsha are college students.Kirby is always complaining about her class load and says she feels constantly fatigued.Although Marsha has a heavier class load and works part-time,Marsha rarely complains and does not appear as fatigued as Kirby.Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

A)Neither Marsha nor Kirby are really showing signs of stress.
B)Kirby is making up her fatigue and is only experiencing eustress.
C)Marsha is really more stressed than Kirby but is hiding it.
D)Kirby will experience more stress than Marsha because of her perceived lack of control.

Question 32

It has been shown that it is most threatening for a person to feel that he or she lacks which of the following when coping with a particular demand?

A)motivation
B)competence
C)support
D)determination

Question 33

In the experiment in which college students breathed air with increased amounts of carbon dioxide through a mask,the students found it much MORE stressful if they

A)were surprised by the trials that contained the increased amount of carbon dioxide.
B)were told which trial would contain an increased amount of carbon dioxide.
C)could control the amount of carbon dioxide entering the mask.
D)experienced repeated trials of increased amounts of carbon dioxide that were each announced before occurring.

Question 34

Hilda is a resident at a nursing home.Although the staff would be receptive to Hilda's requests,Hilda feels that she has to go along with the foods they put on her plate and that she must participate in every activity whether she enjoys it or not.Hilda often feels stressed and even threatened by the staff because of her

A)perceived lack of control.
B)perceived conflict with the activities.
C)perceived pressure to continue living at the nursing home.
D)extreme burnout.

Question 35

Which of the following is just as important as an actual lack of control in causing us to feel threatened?

A)intense primary appraisal
B)disorganized secondary appraisal
C)perceived lack of control
D)approach conflict

Question 36

What makes law enforcement particularly stressful is the

A)high demand approach-approach conflicts the officer is forced to face.
B)amount of eustress that they must adapt to in a short period of time.
C)unpredictable nature of the work.
D)failure of their stress inoculation training in intense situations.

Question 37

According to the authors of your textbook,which of the following would NOT be helpful in dealing with feelings that you are poor?

A)utilizing rationalization and reaction formation.
B)taking a realistic appraisal of your situation may reveal that you are actually "richer" than you think you are.
C)committing yourself to changing your circumstances through education and hard work.
D)using problem-focused coping.

Question 38

Regarding stress,control,and competence,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Direct control over the stressor increases the stress reaction.
B)Perceived control over the stressor increases the stress reaction.
C)A perceived lack of control is just as threatening as an actual lack of control.
D)Feeling competent is unimportant regarding the stress reaction.

Question 39

Candace is about to go to a job interview at a prestigious firm.Although she graduated at the "top of her class" in college,she "just knows" that she is too young and inexperienced to be hired by this company.Candace's intense reaction to this stress is primarily due to her

A)feelings of conflict with this interview.
B)perceived lack of competence.
C)burnout after years of college.
D)stress-prone personality.

Question 40

In order not to feel poor,Jermaine has committed himself to changing his circumstances through education and hard work.Jermaine is utilizing

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)primary appraisal.
D)reaction formation.

Question 41

The WORST type of stress occurs when the stress is

A)unpredictable and cannot be controlled.
B)unpredictable and can be controlled.
C)predictable and cannot be controlled.
D)predictable and can be controlled.

Question 42

In a comparison of people who had some control over unpleasant events and those who had none,people who have some control over unpleasant events tend to show

A)higher stress levels.
B)lower stress levels.
C)more ulcers.
D)higher blood pressure.

Question 43

Which of the following is a job-related condition in which a person experiences emotional exhaustion,cynicism or detachment,and feelings of reduced personal accomplishment?

A)pressure
B)burnout
C)conflict
D)frustration

Question 44

Burnout is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment.
B)a detachment from others.
C)emotional exhaustion.
D)a dependence on co-workers.

Question 45

Stress will be magnified and damage is likely to result when emotional "shocks" are

A)unpredictable.
B)uncontrollable.
C)linked to pressure.
D)characterized by all of these.

Question 46

Pressure occurs when

A)a shock happens unpredictably.
B)one must choose between two events.
C)a shock happens regularly.
D)activities are speeded up or extra work is added.

Question 47

A condition produced by chronic stress on the job,resulting in feeling physically,emotionally,and mentally drained,is called

A)burnout.
B)job conflict.
C)career cares.
D)job jeopardy.

Question 48

After looking over the requirements for her term paper,Janie realizes that she must integrate the information from two more sources in the term paper that is due in two days.Janie realizes that in order to study for the two tests and complete the term paper,she will have to spend every waking moment in the library,writing,or studying in order to meet these deadlines and make good grades.Janie is experiencing

A)pressure.
B)burnout.
C)conflict.
D)eustress.

Question 49

In a study,the researchers found that nurses were less likely to get sick,both physically or mentally,if they

A)were given high rates of pay for working under unpredictable conditions.
B)had a high sense of control over the pacing and work environments.
C)were given frequent rest periods at work.
D)had three days on the job and two days off.

Question 50

Margo,a once dedicated nurse,realizes with dismay that she has "lost all patience with her patients" and wishes they would "go somewhere else to be sick." Margo's feelings are a clear sign of

A)pressure.
B)burnout.
C)conflict.
D)frustration.

Question 51

Mitzi is a counselor who has begun to feel emotionally exhausted and detached from the people she works with.Although she has always been an excellent counselor,she now feels that she is helping no one.Mitzi is experiencing

A)internal frustration.
B)approach-avoidance conflict.
C)burnout.
D)pressure.

Question 52

Regarding the top ten work stresses,which of the following work stresses were ranked number ONE and TWO,respectively?

A)hours too long and job insecurity
B)low salary and lack of opportunity for growth
C)job expectations unrealistic and inflexible hours
D)work load too heavy and lack of participation in decision making

Question 53

Regarding burnout,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Burnout occurs most often in emotionally demanding helping professions.
B)People who are the most passionate about their work are the least likely to experience burnout.
C)College students can show burnout regarding their studies.
D)Burnout affects people mentally and emotionally as well as affecting their physical health.

Question 54

Which of the following was NOT one of the top ten work stresses listed in your textbook?

A)sexual harassment
B)inflexible hours
C)job expectations uncertain
D)work interferes with personal time

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of burnout?

A)withdrawal into hallucinations and delusions
B)feeling exhausted and "used up"
C)feeling of reduced personal accomplishment
D)detachment from others

Question 56

Pam is looking forward to the weekend,but her boss needs her to stay late on Friday and come in on Saturday morning in order to rewrite a report from another employee.This report must get to the main office by Monday.With this unexpected work and short deadline,Pam can be expected to be feeling the element of stress known as

A)pressure.
B)burnout.
C)conflict.
D)eustress.

Question 57

Pressure occurs when

A)a deadline is approaching.
B)a person has to slow down his or her activities.
C)shock happens unpredictably.
D)shock happens regularly.

Question 58

Which of the following was NOT one of the top ten work stresses listed in your textbook?

A)job expectations uncertain
B)too much office gossip and drama
C)lack of opportunity for growth
D)work interferes with personal time

Question 59

Which of the following is a stressful condition that occurs when a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations?

A)conflict
B)frustration
C)pressure
D)burnout

Question 60

Stress will be magnified and damage is likely to result when emotional "shocks" are

A)predictable.
B)controllable.
C)linked to pressure.
D)characterized by all of these.

Question 61

According to Holmes,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Unpleasant life experiences increase susceptibility to disease,whereas pleasant experiences lower it.
B)Any major life change requires adjustment and increases the susceptibility to accidents and illness.
C)A score of 150-200 LCUs in a two-year period put one in a major life crisis.
D)Improvements in life conditions are more costly than declines.

Question 62

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)was designed to measure

A)stresses affecting nutrition and appetite.
B)the impact of negative or unhappy life events.
C)life changes and susceptibility to illness or accident.
D)economic and occupational stresses.

Question 63

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)was developed by

A)Hans Selye.
B)Holmes and Rahe.
C)Dollard and Miller.
D)Joseph Wolpe.

Question 64

Susceptibility to accidents and illness follows

A)excessive use of defense mechanisms.
B)disaster and death but not positive events.
C)any major change,whether positive or negative.
D)those events whose impact is merely psychological.

Question 65

A student experiencing burnout in college usually

A)feels that his or her college workload is too heavy.
B)participates in many extracurricular activities.
C)spends a good deal of time with his or her friends.
D)exhibits all of these behaviors.

Question 66

Sydney has wanted to be a teacher all of her life.For the first five years of teaching,she spent every summer,holiday,and weekend trying to come up with new activities for her students.However,she now feels that all of her efforts were in vain and that students do not want to learn and do not appreciate anything she tries to do to help them learn.Sydney feels "used up," apathetic,and detached from her students.Sydney is experiencing

A)anxiety.
B)burnout
C)conflict.
D)pressure.

Question 67

Regarding the SRRS,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Both positive and negative events cause stress.
B)Improvements in life conditions can be as costly as declines.
C)Scores on the SRRS are measured in LCUs.
D)Low scores on the SRRS suggest one is more likely to contract an illness.

Question 68

Which of the following was NOT suggested as a solution to the problem of "burnout?"

A)redesigning requirements,work loads,and responsibilities required on the job
B)building a social support system among the employees
C)motivational seminars that encourage workers to double their efforts
D)increasing the amount of control people have in their jobs

Question 69

Which of the following would be the BEST solution for dealing with job burnout?

A)simply stop working altogether
B)adjusting workloads
C)increasing family responsibilities
D)internalizing stress and emotion

Question 70

Which of those listed would have the highest LCUs on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

A)retirement
B)trouble with boss
C)sexual difficulties
D)marriage

Question 71

Which of the following was developed by Holmes and Rahe and was the first rating scale to estimate the health hazards we face when stresses add up?

A)SRRS
B)MMPI-2
C)16 PF
D)Apgar scale

Question 72

On the SRRS,the impact of life events is measured by

A)counting the number of negative events that occurred in the last year.
B)LCUs.
C)noting how often the person went into the resistance stage of the G.A.S.
D)STDs.

Question 73

Burnout would be LEAST likely to occur in which of the following occupational fields?

A)teacher
B)business owner
C)nurse
D)social worker

Question 74

Scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale are expressed in

A)ergs.
B)life change units.
C)hours of stressful experience.
D)days of stressful experience.

Question 75

A student experiencing burnout in college usually

A)spends a good deal of time with his or her friends.
B)participates in many extracurricular activities.
C)has a negative attitude toward his or her studies.
D)exhibits all of these behaviors.

Question 76

Marty has been a nurse for 15 years.When she first started her career,she never missed a day of work,exhibited a wonderfully caring "bedside manner." She even volunteered for special teaching assignments.However,in the last several years,she tells her husband that the patients are overly demanding and they,as well as the doctors,do not appreciate any of her hard work.Marty feels "used up" and feels each day at work that she is "just going through the motions" hoping to get through the day.Mary is experiencing

A)burnout.
B)eustress.
C)conflict.
D)pressure.

Question 77

Which of the following would NOT be a good way to reduce burnout?

A)Give the workers more control over aspects of their jobs.
B)Encourage social support systems at work.
C)Encourage the workers to dig deeper for the idealism they originally possessed.
D)Adjust work loads.

Question 78

Burnout would most likely occur in which of the following occupations?

A)architecture
B)fashion design
C)professional football
D)law enforcement

Question 79

Regarding the relationship between stress and long-term health,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Disaster,depression,and sorrow often precede illness.
B)Positive life changes have not been shown to make one more susceptible to illnesses or accidents.
C)Stressful events can reduce the body's natural defenses against disease.
D)Holmes and Rahe developed the first rating scale to estimate the health hazards one faces when stresses add up.

Question 80

The most costly event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is

A)being fired from work.
B)the death of spouse.
C)a pregnancy.
D)a jail term.