Deck 55: Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Question 1

The concept of lifestyle illness is associated with

A)the causes of death at the turn of the century.
B)infectious diseases and accidents.
C)the probability of being pressured into committing suicide.
D)modern causes of death.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A century ago,people primarily died from

A)infectious diseases and accidents.
B)lifestyle diseases.
C)suicide and war.
D)malnutrition.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dr.Gerschivin is a psychologist that teaches people how to relieve pain,cope with chronic illnesses,and to perform self-screenings to prevent diseases,such as cancer.Dr.Gerschivin is working in the field of

A)medical psychology.
B)behavioral medicine.
C)homeopathic psychology.
D)developmental medicine.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Many diseases and well over half of all deaths in North America each year can be traced to

A)accidents.
B)unhealthy behaviors.
C)infectious diseases.
D)poor prenatal care.

Question 5

You have gone to your medical doctor because of a terrible backache,and he prescribes medicine but informs you of stretching exercises to perform and ways that you can relieve stress on your job.Your doctor believes that the medicine will work best and healing will be faster if he can help you make sense of your medical condition.Thus,your doctor follows the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 6

Dr.Jade is involved with how behavioral factors in medicine,physical illness,and medical treatment influence patients with Alzheimer's disease.Her specialty is medicine.

A)forensic
B)longitudinal
C)psychiatric
D)behavioral

Question 7

Which perspective defines health as a state of well-being that we can actively attain and maintain?

A)the psychosomatic perspective
B)the mind-body perspective
C)the medical model
D)the biopsychosocial model

Question 8

Any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect by the

A)psychosomatic perspective.
B)medical model.
C)mind-body perspective.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 9

Garrett has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.Garrett believes that he must actively change aspects of his environment that contribute to his stress,such as utilizing stress­management techniques,getting more sleep,exercising more,and improving his diet.Garrett's view of health fits the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 10

Today people primarily die from

A)infectious diseases.
B)lifestyle diseases.
C)accidents.
D)genetic diseases.

Question 11

The branch of psychology that studies how behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as psychology.

A)developmental
B)health
C)behavioral
D)stress

Question 12

Which perspective has dominated Western thinking and sees health as the absence of illness with damage to the body being inflicted by poor lifestyle choices,such as smoking or overeating,or by external causes,such as viruses?

A)the psychosomatic perspective
B)the mind-body perspective
C)the medical model
D)the biopsychosocial model

Question 13

During the final weeks of the college semester,Mee Jung has barely managed to survive the rush of make-or- break term papers,projects,and classroom presentations and then endures a week and a half of stress,pressure,and frustration during final exams.She is now off for the summer and should expect

A)a period of no stress but excessive boredom to occur.
B)periods of intense stress to be frequently followed by illness.
C)more periods of intense stress during the summer because of her Type A personality.
D)none of the these occurrences,since periods of stress and illness are unpredictable.

Question 14

Which perspective views diseases as being caused by a combination of several different factors and involves the person who is sick playing a role in fostering his or her own health rather than passively getting treatments from a doctor?

A)psychosomatic perspective
B)mind-body perspective
C)medical model
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 15

Health psychology is best defined as the

A)study of the ways in which psychological principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B)use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C)study of how individuals behave,think,and feel in the presence,actual or implied,of others.
D)study of behavioral factors in medicine,physical illness,and medical treatment.

Question 16

Periods of stress are frequently followed by

A)periods of no stress.
B)periods of more intense stress.
C)illness.
D)good health.

Question 17

When you are sick,the problem is physical and requires a physical treatment,such as taking medicine,according to the

A)psychosomatic perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 18

Gordon has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.He goes to his doctor,hoping she can diagnose his condition and prescribe some medicine that will alleviate his problems. Gordon's view of health fits the

A)hypochondriac perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 19

Lifestyle diseases are of special interest to Dr.Cierro,who is a psychologist.

A)health
B)community
C)wellness
D)psychosomatic

Question 20

A graduate student in psychology who decides on a career applying psychological knowledge to medical problems,such as diabetes or asthma is choosing

A)behavioral medicine.
B)psychoneurology.
C)medical psychology.
D)neurophysiology.

Question 21

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Almost half of all deaths in the North America can be traced to unhealthful behaviors.
B)Obesity is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C)A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D)Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight.

Question 22

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
B)Smoking is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C)A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D)All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors would be diagnosed with a general disease-prone personality type.

Question 23

Bart has a very unhealthy lifestyle,which is marked by the presence of a number of

A)health refusal factors.
B)behavioral risk factors.
C)cultural stressors.
D)Type B personality traits.

Question 24

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Approximately 450,000 people die every year from smoking-related diseases,which is about 20 percent of all deaths,regardless of the cause.
B)Alcohol abuse is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C)Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
D)Roughly two-thirds of all American adults are overweight with half of these being extremely overweight,or obese.

Question 25

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral risk factors is TRUE?

A)Almost all of the causes of poor health are beyond one's control.
B)Luckily,unhealthy lifestyles usually center around one type of risk factor so that managing the behavior is relatively easy.
C)All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.
D)Some behaviors and lifestyles promote health,whereas others lead to illness and death.

Question 26

At least 30 percent of U.S.high school students exhibited which of the following health-endangering behaviors?

A)did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
B)drank alcohol during the previous 30 days
C)was in a physical fight during the previous 12 months
D)At least 30 percent of the U.S.high school students exhibited each of these behaviors.

Question 27

The concept of behavioral risk factors is associated with which of the following?

A)the probability of becoming schizophrenic
B)causes of physical disease
C)the probability of committing suicide
D)the chance of having a congenital disorder

Question 28

As discussed in your textbook,lifestyle diseases related to just six behaviors,smoking,alcohol abuse,drug use,poor diet,insufficient exercise,and risky sexual practices,account for what percent of all medical costs?

A)25
B)40
C)55
D)70

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the major behavioral risk factors listed in your textbook?

A)high levels of stress
B)eating a Mediterranean diet.
C)inadequate exercise
D)violence

Question 30

Thirty-eight percent of U.S.high school students engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors during the previous 30 days?

A)used marijuana
B)carried a weapon
C)drank alcohol
D)smoked cigarettes

Question 31

Heart disease,stroke,and lung cancer often result from health-damaging personal habits and are examples of

A)dissociative disorders.
B)traumatic stress diseases.
C)lifestyle diseases.
D)factious disorders.

Question 32

Major behavioral risk factors include which of the following?

A)inadequate exercise
B)reckless driving
C)excess sun exposure
D)all of these

Question 33

Obesity is considered a behavioral risk factor for many affluent nations.In the United States,it is currently estimated that what percent of all adults are overweight?

A)35 percent
B)50 percent
C)66 percent
D)80 percent

Question 34

High levels of stress,overeating,and unsafe sexual behavior increase the chance of injury or illness and are considered risk factors.

A)refusal skills
B)moderate
C)behavioral
D)emotional

Question 35

According to your textbook,which of the following are actions that increase the chances of disease,injury,or early death?

A)health refusal factors
B)neuroimmune risk factors
C)behavioral risk factors
D)Type B personality traits

Question 36

Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the behavioral risk factors.These are smoking,alcohol abuse,drug abuse,poor diet,insufficient exercise,and

A)violence.
B)risky sexual practices.
C)excessive sun exposure.
D)reckless driving.

Question 37

Currently,the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States is

A)smoking.
B)unsafe sexual behavior.
C)alcohol abuse.
D)obesity.

Question 38

Forty percent of U.S.high school students engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors ?

A)smoked cigarettes within the previous 30 days
B)rode with a drinking driver within the previous 30 days
C)did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
D)played three or more hours of video games on an average school day

Question 39

People's health,happiness,and life expectancy are greatly affected by the health habits that they have developed by the time they are years of age.

A)10 to 12
B)18 to 19
C)25 to 30
D)40 to 45

Question 40

Although it may become the leading cause in the near future,which factor currently ranks SECOND as a cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

A)smoking.
B)unsafe sexual behavior.
C)alcohol abuse.
D)being overweight.

Question 41

Jayne eats a diet high in fruits,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This healthy diet is known as the diet.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 42

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

A)engages constantly in cigarette smoking.
B)drives at excessive speeds.
C)has persistent negative emotions associated with poor health.
D)is uncontrollably violent.

Question 43

The healthiest people in a study of health-promoting behaviors reaped the benefits of which of the following diet and exercise plans?

A)maintaining a strict diet of tofu and wheat grass and exercising at least two hours per day
B)adhering to a restrictive diet at least five days a week and engaging in strenuous exercise at least an hour per day
C)eating a Mediterranean diet and getting 30 minutes of exercise three or four times a week
D)eating a high-protein diet of red meat and very few carbohydrates and getting moderate exercise at least twice a week

Question 44

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

A)one alcoholic drink per week.
B)two alcoholic drinks per week.
C)only one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free two or three days per week.
D)three or four alcoholic drinks per day and being alcohol-free at least one day a week.

Question 45

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

A)mania.
B)extraversion.
C)hostility.
D)Type-B attributes.

Question 46

Jason has high blood pressure.Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

A)consuming less sodium (salt).
B)getting more exercise and losing weight.
C)using alcohol sparingly.
D)all of these.

Question 47

Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions,including anxiety,hostility,and depression?

A)Type B
B)behavioral risk
C)stress-prone
D)disease-prone

Question 48

Which of the following include such obvious practices as getting regular exercise,controlling smoking and alcohol use,maintaining a balanced diet,getting good medical care,and managing stress?

A)refusal skills training
B)behavioral risk factors
C)life skills training
D)health-promoting behaviors

Question 49

Of those listed,which of the following risky behaviors showed the HIGHEST percentage among U.S.high school students?

A)using marijuana during the previous 30 days
B)riding with a drinking driver during the previous 30 days
C)smoking cigarettes during the previous 30 days
D)being in a physical fight during the previous 12 months

Question 50

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly,rarely exercises,and has been smoking more. According to health psychologists,Megan is exhibiting a

A)disease-prone personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)behavioral risk personality.
D)stress-prone personality.

Question 51

For adults who were careful about diet,alcohol,exercise,and smoking,their risk of dying was cut by what percent over a 10-year period?

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)50 percent
D)65 percent

Question 52

To prevent disease,health psychologists first try to

A)remove behavioral risk factors.
B)compensate for genetic predispositions.
C)use maintenance doses of medication.
D)use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Question 53

Which of the following,in particular,is likely to damage health,since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly,sleep poorly,rarely exercise,fail to use seat belts in cars,and smoke too much?

A)anxiety
B)depression
C)pessimism
D)dissociative disorder

Question 54

Pneumonia and other infections occur at higher rates in people who have cancer,heart disease,lung disease,or liver disease,which illustrates that

A)infectious diseases are often linked to behavioral risks,such as smoking,poor diet,and alcohol abuse.
B)many people have a disease-prone personality that causes additional infections.
C)genetics plays a strong role in the cause of cancers and diseases.
D)the causes of cancers and diseases are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 55

People who smoke are also more likely to drink excessively,and people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.These observations illustrate that

A)many people have a disease-prone personality.
B)genetics plays a strong role in one's addictions.
C)unhealthy lifestyles almost always create multiple risks.
D)the causes of poor health are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 56

According to a recent study,the healthiest people eat a diet high in fruit,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This diet is called the diet.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 57

Those who are compassionate,resourceful,optimistic,and non-hostile tend to have

A)good health.
B)more money.
C)more sexual partners.
D)more depression.

Question 58

Regarding lifestyle and health,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Small risks can add up,dramatically raising the chance of illness.
B)Most infectious diseases are not linked to behavioral risks.
C)Pneumonia occurs at high rates in people who have cancer,heart disease,lung disease,or liver disease.
D)Those people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.

Question 59

Of those listed,which of the following risky behaviors showed the LOWEST percentage among U.S.high school students?

A)using marijuana during the previous 30 days
B)drinking alcohol during the previous 30 days
C)engaging in sexual intercourse during the previous 90 days
D)being in a physical fight during the previous 12 months

Question 60

Men and women engaging in health-promoting behaviors,such as getting adequate sleep,maintaining an ideal weight,and limiting use of alcohol,can expect to

A)psychologically crave a more exciting life.
B)increase their life expectancy.
C)be envious of friends who are risk-takers.
D)have happiness and harmony in their relationships with others.

Question 61

School-based smoking prevention programs have used

A)anti-smoking art contests.
B)poster and T-shirt giveaways.
C)questions for students to ask their parents.
D)all of these.

Question 62

Regarding school-based anti-smoking programs,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Many of the programs are designed to persuade students that smoking is dangerous and "uncool."
B)Some anti-smoking programs are helping youths to learn to resist peer pressure to begin smoking.
C)Some anti-smoking programs include methods to cope with stress without turning to smoking and drug use.
D)Due to the unpopularity of smoking,currently only 27 percent of American adults still smoke.

Question 63

Regarding the promotion of healthy and unhealthy behaviors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Research has shown that one glass of red wine daily may be healthy.
B)Five smokers in 10 will have long-term success at quitting.
C)If one smoker in a group of smokers quits,others are more likely to follow suit.
D)People were found to be 57 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first.

Question 64

Regarding social factors that promote unhealthy behaviors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A study found that people were 80 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first.
B)If one smoker in a group of smokers quits,others are more likely to follow suit.
C)Spending time with drinkers tends to increase one's alcohol consumption.
D)We tend to flock together with like-minded people and adopt many of their habits.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A)learn stress management and lower hostility
B)provide for periods of relaxation every day
C)minimize sun exposure
D)eat a high protein,low carbohydrate diet

Question 66

An increased risk of stroke,cirrhosis of the liver,cancer,high blood pressure,and heart disorders has been found from

A)consuming one alcoholic drink per day.
B)consuming two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)consuming three or more alcoholic drinks per day.
D)none of these,since a person would have to consume at least six alcoholic drinks per day for at least five years to increase his or her risk of these conditions.

Question 67

A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

A)aversive conditioning to stop smoking.
B)attitude-change programs to stop smoking.
C)advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.
D)role-playing to resist peer pressure.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A)consume no more than four alcoholic drinks per day
B)use seat belts and minimize sun exposure
C)lower blood pressure with diet and exercise,or medicine if necessary
D)eat a balanced,low-fat diet

Question 69

What percent of peole were more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first?

A)27 percent
B)57 percent
C)77 percent
D)97 percent

Question 70

If a good friend quits smoking,what percent of people are more likely to quit smoking?

A)90 percent
B)72 percent
C)67 percent
D)36 percent

Question 71

Sarah is a freshman in college and found that she started gaining weight after spending a lot of her time with her roommate Gayle,who is overweight.Sarah's weight gain is best explained by

A)a lack of motivation that occurs when first starting to college.
B)a lower metabolism that occurs in late adolescence.
C)the adoption of her roommate's eating habits.
D)the minor depression or "college blues" that set in upon leaving home.

Question 72

Tom's friends are very worried about him because he is engaging in the single most lethal behavioral risk factor and the largest preventable cause of death.Tom's lethal habit is

A)smoking.
B)reckless driving.
C)alcohol abuse.
D)obesity.

Question 73

If you are overweight or need to quit smoking,you should do all of the following EXCEPT

A)isolate yourself from your friends until you completely change your unhealthy behavior.
B)develop friends in a healthier crowd.
C)decide to start healthier habits and get your friends to join you.
D)learn refusal skills.

Question 74

Good health-promoting behaviors include

A)not smoking cigarettes.
B)not consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)providing for periods of relaxation every day.
D)all of these.

Question 75

According to your textbook,how many smokers out of ten successful quit smoking long-term?

A)one
B)three
C)five
D)seven

Question 76

According to your textbook,what percent of American adults still smoke?

A)six percent
B)19 percent
C)28 percent
D)37 percent

Question 77

Greg is receiving refusal skills training at his high school.Typically,this type of training is used to teach young people how to

A)avoid smoking and other drug use.
B)cope with burnout.
C)resist stressors at home and at school.
D)avoid forming study habits that lead to school failure.

Question 78

The best way to deal with smoking involves campaigns to

A)help people reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day.
B)prevent cigarette smoking before it begins.
C)help people change to smokeless tobacco products.
D)reduce the nicotine levels in cigarettes.

Question 79

According to researchers Christakis and Fowler,which of the following is often a barrier to changing unhealthy behaviors?

A)social factors
B)chronic infectious diseases
C)a lack of money
D)a lack of knowledge

Question 80

If their spouse quits smoking,what percent of people are more likely to quit smoking?

A)90 percent
B)72 percent
C)67 percent
D)36 percent