Deck 58: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Question 1

Illnesses in which psychological factors contribute to bodily damage or to damaging changes in bodily functioning are called

A)somatic symptom disorders.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)physio-disturbances.
D)psychosomatic disorders.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Regarding stress and the immune system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)As part of the body's self­protective response,the body releases substances that increase inflammation.
B)Anger and hostility tend to strengthen the immune system response.
C)Stress management has been shown to reduce the severity of cold and flu symptoms.
D)Support groups,relaxation exercises,and guided imagery have been shown to boost immune system functioning.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Upsetting thoughts and emotions may have a negative influence on health through their link with the

A)sensory and psychomotor systems.
B)thalamic stress projection system.
C)brain and immune system.
D)stage of alarm and resistance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Many psychosomatic problems are the result of

A)prolonged stress.
B)imagination.
C)sleep deprivation.
D)a nutritional deficiency.

Question 5

Fiona has been experiencing a great deal of stress at her job.She is experiencing neckaches,headaches,indigestion,and insomnia.When she goes to her doctor,she finds that her blood pressure is also elevated.Fiona has

A)hypochondriasis.
B)a conversion disorder.
C)a somatic symptom disorder.
D)a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 6

Regarding stress and the immune system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)As part of the body's self­protective response,the body releases substances that decrease inflammation.
B)Happiness,laughter,and delight tend to strengthen immune system response.
C)Immunity is lowered during major exam times and by job loss,divorce,and bereavement.
D)Stress management can improve the chances of survival for cancer,heart disease,and HIV/AIDS.

Question 7

Janine has been experiencing severe headaches and neckaches,fatigue,and insomnia ever since she was promoted to a job that entails more responsibility.If Janine goes to a doctor,the doctor will most likely tell her

A)that she has a psychosomatic illness.
B)that her symptoms are all imaginary.
C)that she is becoming a hypochondriac.
D)all of these.

Question 8

Hypochondriacs suffer from

A)overactive endocrine glands.
B)feelings of inferiority.
C)imaginary diseases.
D)stress-induced diseases.

Question 9

When we manage our stress,we

A)cause the body to release substances that increase inflammation.
B)can reduce the severity of cold and flu symptoms.
C)tend to prolong infections and delay healing.
D)actually put a strain on our immune system.

Question 10

Psychosomatic disorders are those in which

A)symptoms are imaginary.
B)individuals have physiological symptoms but no underlying physiological cause.
C)symptoms are especially vague and diffuse.
D)physiological damage is caused by psychological stress.

Question 11

Which of the following has NOT been shown to boost the immune system?

A)support groups
B)positive emotions,such as laughter
C)guided imagery
D)negative emotions,such as anger

Question 12

People who suffer from imaginary diseases or illnesses have

A)psychotic disorders.
B)psychosomatic illnesses.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 13

When stress causes physical damage to the body in the form of stomach pain,asthma,migraine headaches,hives,or hypertension,the person is experiencing

A)a psychosomatic disorder.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)a conversion disorder.
D)a somatic symptom disorder.

Question 14

Which system in the body is dramatically affected by stress and upsetting emotions and can increase one's susceptibility to disease?

A)psychomotor
B)respiratory
C)immune
D)cardiovascular

Question 15

The most common types of psychosomatic problems are gastrointestinal and

A)circulatory.
B)genital.
C)respiratory.
D)neurological.

Question 16

Which system in the body is regulated,in part,by the brain and mobilizes defenses,such as white blood cells,against invading microbes and other disease agents?

A)immune system
B)cardiovascular system
C)limbic system
D)reticular activating system

Question 17

During final exams each year,Janet gets a bad case of bronchitis.The stress of final exams has done all of the following EXCEPT

A)lowered Janet's immunity.
B)caused her body to release substances that decreased inflammation.
C)activated her body's self­protective response,which will prolong the infection and delay healing.
D)increased her susceptibility to disease.

Question 18

Regarding psychosomatic illnesses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.
B)The most common psychosomatic illnesses are hypertension and skin rashes,such as hives.
C)Typical psychosomatic illnesses include asthma,migraine headaches,and rheumatoid arthritis.
D)Psychosomatic problems are not the same as hypochondria.

Question 19

Dr.Marman is studying the ways in which stress and the immune system affect one's susceptibility to disease.This field of study is called

A)neuropsychosymptomology.
B)immunohypochondrology.
C)psychosomatoneurology.
D)psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 20

Which of the following is the study of links among behavior,stress,disease,and the immune system?

A)somatic immunology
B)psychoneuroimmunology
C)psychosomatology
D)immunobiology

Question 21

Marilyn has a sensitive thermometer with a signal light attached to her hand.The thermometer is wired so that an increase in temperature will activate this signal light.Then,Marilyn is told to keep the light on as much as possible.In so doing,Marilyn is able to exert voluntary control over the involuntary regulation of her temperature using which of the following techniques?

A)artificial intelligence
B)bioencephalography
C)psychosomatic regulation
D)biofeedback

Question 22

In the classification system of Friedman and Rosenman,Type A personalities run a greater risk of

A)hypochondriasis.
B)cancer.
C)heart attacks.
D)mental illness.

Question 23

In biofeedback,information is provided to the subject by

A)converting bodily responses to some sort of signal.
B)directing conscious attention to one's subjective sensations and brain waves.
C)using videotapes of skilled movements.
D)the use of concentrative meditation.

Question 24

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders occurs because the biofeedback

A)prevents stereotyped responding.
B)acts as a "mirror," promoting self­regulation.
C)activates the medical model effect.
D)increases blood flow to the brain.

Question 25

The control of involuntary functions like heart rate and blood pressure is

A)generally impossible for humans.
B)possible only through surgically implanted technology.
C)possible only through dedication to Yoga and Zen.
D)possible through the use of biofeedback.

Question 26

Which of the following would you recommend to an individual who would like to learn to lower his or her high blood pressure?

A)alpha brainwave control
B)computer assisted instruction
C)"mental practice"
D)biofeedback

Question 27

Regarding psychosomatic illness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stress is the sole cause of psychosomatic illnesses.
B)Personality and learned reactions to stress are involved in the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
C)Genetic predisposition and organ weaknesses contribute to the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
D)A general disease­prone personality type exists,and to a degree,there are also "headache personalities," "asthma personalities," and "cardiac personalities."

Question 28

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders may be the result of

A)a dramatic placebo effect.
B)general relaxation.
C)stimulation of the central nervous system.
D)increased blood flow to the head.

Question 29

Regarding psychosomatic illness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.
B)Psychosomatic problems are the same as hypochondriasis.
C)Psychosomatic disorders are often caused by prolonged stress reactions.
D)Biofeedback can be helpful in alleviating some psychosomatic illnesses.

Question 30

Biofeedback has shown success with all of the following EXCEPT

A)in relieving chronic pain.
B)in lowering blood pressure.
C)with insomnia.
D)with sleep apnea.

Question 31

Biofeedback has shown some success with all of the following EXCEPT for

A)controlling narcolepsy.
B)lowering blood pressure and controlling heart rhythms.
C)controlling hyperactivity in children.
D)controlling epileptic seizures.

Question 32

Sore muscles,headaches,indigestion,fatigue,and sexual dysfunctions are several complaints that can be psychosomatic and,thus,are most likely to be the result of the person's

A)lateralization.
B)nutritional deficiencies.
C)prolonged stress.
D)imagination.

Question 33

Which of the following first classified people as Type A and Type B personalities?

A)Holmes and Rahe
B)Friedman and Rosenman
C)Dollard and Miller
D)Beck and Greenberg

Question 34

Sensors are taped to patients' hands and foreheads with the patients learning to redirect blood flow away from the head to their extremities in a biofeedback technique that has been shown to

A)alleviate insomnia.
B)reduce the frequency of migraine headaches.
C)reduce hyperactivity in children.
D)lower blood pressure and control one's heart rhythm.

Question 35

Many lesser health complaints can also be psychosomatic.They include which of the following?

A)fatigue
B)premenstrual problems
C)sexual dysfunctions
D)all of these

Question 36

Regarding biofeedback,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Biofeedback has been successful because it creates a dramatic placebo effect in the person utilizing it.
B)Some researchers believe that biofeedback simply acts as a "mirror" to help a person perform tasks involving self-regulation.
C)Biofeedback has been used with some success to control epileptic seizures and hyperactivity in children.
D)Many of biofeedback's benefits arise from general relaxation.

Question 37

A biofeedback technique for the prevention of migraine headaches would most likely focus on control of

A)alpha waves.
B)the heart rate.
C)muscular tension.
D)blood flow.

Question 38

Which of the following involves the person receiving information about his or her ongoing bodily activities,which aids the person in voluntarily regulating these bodily activities?

A)biocognition
B)bioencephalography
C)biomeditation
D)biofeedback

Question 39

Gastrointestinal problems,such as stomach pain,and respiratory problems,such as asthma are the most common __________ disorders.

A)hypochondriac
B)conversion
C)psychosomatic
D)somatic symptom

Question 40

People can learn to regulate bodily states that were once thought to be involuntary by applying information about the body that is given to the person.This informational process is known as

A)bioerganomics.
B)biofeedback.
C)neuropacing.
D)biotomography.

Question 41

The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in

A)perfectionistic,achievement-oriented persons who tend to overwork.
B)persons who hurry from one activity to another,racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.
C)hostile persons who openly and outwardly express their anger rather than suppressing it.
D)hostile persons who keep their anger "bottled up" and don't express it outwardly.

Question 42

Characteristic traits of Type A people include

A)worry,accompanied by decreased activity and exercise.
B)a tendency to be mobile,inconsistent,and desirous of change.
C)poor attention span and forgetfulness.
D)a sense of time urgency and chronic anger.

Question 43

Jen talks,walks,and eats rapidly.She often agrees to do more things than she has time for because she believes that with enough effort she can overcome any obstacle.Jen would probably be classified as

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)a low sensation seeker.
D)experiencing a life crisis.

Question 44

According to Redford Williams,hostility is likely to be reduced through which of the following suggestions?

A)Stop mistrusting the motives of others.
B)Find ways to reduce how often you feel irritated and angry.
C)Learn to be kinder and more considerate.
D)All of these are good suggestions for reducing hostility.

Question 45

Regarding how one can reduce hostility toward others,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Find ways to reduce how often you feel anger,indignation,irritation,and rage.
B)Learn to be kinder and more considerate of others.
C)Quietly analyze the motives of people before you trust them.
D)Remember that it is entirely possible to succeed in life without sacrificing your health or happiness in the process.

Question 46

Bart is described as hard driving,highly competitive,and achievement-oriented.He tends to race the clock in a self- imposed urgency and gets angry when "things do not go as planned." Bart would be described as having

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 47

Regarding the Type A personality,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The best way to avoid the self-made stress of a Type A personality is to adopt the opposite characteristics.
B)While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease,time urgency and overwork may be what actually triggers the heart attack.
C)Because our society places a premium on achievement,competition,and mastery,it is not surprising that many people develop Type A personalities.
D)The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in hostile persons who keep their anger "bottled up" but don't express it outwardly.

Question 48

While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease,which of the following may be what triggers a heart attack?

A)overworking
B)being achievement-oriented
C)depression or distress
D)a sense of time urgency.

Question 49

According to Redford Williams,which of the following is NOT likely to reduce hostility and increase trust?

A)Keep your anger inside.
B)Try to be kinder to other people.
C)Stop mistrusting the motives of others.
D)Consciously,try to reduce the times you become irritated over "little things."

Question 50

According to Friedman and Rosenman,which of the following believe that with enough effort they can overcome any obstacle,and they "push" themselves accordingly?

A)Type A personalities
B)Type B personalities
C)individuals with acculturative stress
D)individuals with hypochondria

Question 51

Aaron seems to chafe at the normal pace of events and hurries from one activity to another,racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.He fidgets when waiting in line and impatiently interrupts other people to finish their sentences.Aaron is most likely a

A)Type A personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)disease-prone personality.
D)hypochondriac.

Question 52

According to Friedman and Rosenman,which of the following tend to be hard driving,ambitious,highly competitive,achievement-oriented,and striving?

A)Type A personalities
B)Type B personalities
C)individuals with acculturative stress
D)individuals with hypochondria

Question 53

As a Type A personality,Peter would be unusually prone to

A)approach-avoidance conflicts.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)acculturative stress.
D)a psychosomatic disorder,such as heart disease.

Question 54

Salvadore Maddi studied two groups of managers at a large utility company.One group of managers had which of the following characteristics that the other group did not exhibit?

A)held high stress positions at the company
B)had Type A personalities
C)got sick after stressful events
D)all of these characteristics

Question 55

A Type A personality exhibits all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)time urgency.
B)believing that they can overcome any obstacle.
C)a poor attention span.
D)being achievement-oriented.

Question 56

Regarding the Type A personality,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)One study of Type A personalities found that 15 percent of a group of 25-year-old doctors and lawyers who scored high on a hostility test were dead by age 50.
B)While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease,depression and distress may be what triggers a heart attack.
C)The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in hostile persons who openly express their anger rather than suppressing it.
D)The key psychological factors that increase heart disease risk appear to be anger,hostility,and mistrust.

Question 57

Barbara is a college student who frequently strives to do two or more things simultaneously,evaluates herself in terms of the number of A's earned or awards won,grinds her teeth in her sleep,and feels vaguely guilty when she relaxes on the weekends.Barbara would be described as

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)having generalized anxiety disorder.
D)having hypochondriasis.

Question 58

In their eight-year study,Friedman and Rosenman found twice the rate of heart disease in

A)hypochondriacs.
B)persons with conversion disorders.
C)Type A personalities.
D)Type B personalities.

Question 59

According to research,the most lethal factor of Type A behavior appears to be

A)overworking.
B)hostility.
C)competitiveness.
D)a sense of time urgency.

Question 60

Friedman and Rosenman referred to those people who were unlikely to have a heart attack as

A)Type A personalities.
B)Type B personalities.
C)individuals with a psychosomatic illness.
D)individuals with hypochondria.

Question 61

Compared to optimists,pessimists

A)tend to deal with problems head-on
B)are less likely to be stopped by temporary setbacks.
C)are more likely to ignore problems.
D)tend to take better care of themselves.

Question 62

A person who has a sense of personal commitment to self,work,and family;who feels that he or she has control over his or her life and work;and who has the tendency to see life as a series of challenges,rather than as a series of problems,would best be described as

A)having a hardy personality.
B)having a Type C personality.
C)experiencing burnout.
D)experiencing sane delusions.

Question 63

Which of the following tend to be hardy individuals,who see setbacks as challenges,are strengthened by losses,and find humor in disappointments?

A)naïve people
B)immature people
C)happy people
D)arrogant people

Question 64

Hardy personalities are strong in

A)commitment,finding ways of turning whatever they are doing into something that seems interesting and important.
B)control and are less likely to see themselves as victims of circumstances.
C)challenge and find fulfillment in continual growth.
D)all of these.

Question 65

The qualities found in people with a hardy personality include

A)a sense that things in life are determined by external forces.
B)a lack of control over their lives and work.
C)a tendency to see life as a series of challenges.
D)a tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 66

The qualities that psychologist Salvatore Maddi found in people he described as having a hardy personality include

A)a sense that things in life are determined by external forces.
B)control over their lives and work.
C)a tendency to see life as a struggle and full of suffering.
D)a tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 67

Hardy personalities in the workplace often

A)feel alienated from other workers due to their positive attitudes.
B)see themselves passively as victims of circumstances.
C)try to learn from their experiences.
D)seek easy comfort,security,and routine.

Question 68

According to Barbara Fredrickson,positive emotions tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)broadening our mental focus.
B)creating an urge to play and to explore.
C)increasing the bodily arousal that occurs when we are stressed.
D)making it more likely that a person will find a creative solution.

Question 69

Hardy people (those unusually resistant to the effects of stress)are characterized by a(n)

A)sense of personal commitment to self,work,and family.
B)feeling of no control over their lives.
C)attitude of just going with the flow.
D)tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 70

According to Barbara Fredrickson,positive emotions tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)narrowing our mental focus.
B)creating an urge to play and to explore.
C)decreasing the bodily arousal when stressed and limiting stress-related damage.
D)making it more likely that a person will find a creative solution.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT one of the core features of a hardy personality?

A)seeing life as a series of challenges
B)having a sense of commitment to self,work and family
C)feeling that one has control over one's life and work
D)effective use of defense mechanisms

Question 72

According to Barbara Fredrickson,positive emotions tend to

A)narrow our mental focus on what is important.
B)make it more likely that you will find creative solutions to your problems.
C)increase the bodily arousal so that you can more effectively deal with the stress.
D)do all of these.

Question 73

A person who is unusually resistant to the effects of stress would be described by psychologists as

A)a hardy personality.
B)detached.
C)vulnerable.
D)a Type C personality.

Question 74

A hardy personality

A)is another name for a Type B personality.
B)has traits typical of the Type A personality but is resistant to stress.
C)is another name for the Type C personality.
D)utilizes a detached orientation to the world in order to alleviate stress reactions.

Question 75

Sally is a hardy person who is resistant to the effects of stress.If Sally is indicative of the stress research,she

A)has transient depressive episodes.
B)sees life as a series of challenges.
C)uses prescription medication to alleviate the signs of stress.
D)does all of these.

Question 76

According to psychologists,happiness is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)learning to ignore and deny major problems in one's life.
B)being a hardy personality.
C)finding humor in disappointments.
D)seeing setbacks as challenges and being strengthened by losses.

Question 77

If people have support from others and the skills needed to cope with challenge,then

A)their "negative" experiences can actually enhance personal growth.
B)they are more likely to seek and accept easy comfort,security,and routine.
C)they are more likely to see themselves passively as victims of circumstances.
D)their emotions will tend to be suppressed and not expressed outwardly.

Question 78

Jennifer tends to be healthy,happy,and loves her job as a teacher.She is always doing more than one thing at a time,always running from one class to the next,and spends long hours designing new activities for her students.Unlike several of the other teachers,Jennifer looks on the larger classes and the lack of materials as challenges,and she has found creative ways of meeting these challenges.Jennifer would best be described as

A)experiencing learned helplessness.
B)a Type C personality.
C)a hardy personality.
D)experiencing burnout.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT related to optimism?

A)dealing with problems head-on
B)less stress and better health
C)effective use of defense mechanisms
D)hardiness and happiness

Question 80

LaTonya always seems to find ways of turning whatever job she is assigned into something interesting and important.No matter what events occur,LaTonya does not see herself as a victim of circumstances and tries to learn from her experiences rather than accepting easy comfort,security,and routine.LaTonya is an example of a

A)Type A personality that will be susceptible to burnout.
B)hardy personality.
C)Type C personality.
D)person who is keeps her anger "bottled up" and does not express it outwardly.