Deck 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Question 1

An attempt to deal with threat by managing or altering the distressing situation itself is known as

A)management coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)focused threat assessment.
D)primary appraisal.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Ben and B.J.are excellent paramedics who have saved many lives.In order to handle the extreme stress of their job,they very often make humorous comments about their situations and at times act silly to relieve the stress.They are using which coping strategy?

A)indirect verbalization
B)problem-focused coping
C)fantasy-prone coping
D)emotion-focused coping

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If you were faced with having to cope with a threat,and you were unable to control the distressing situation,itself,your best strategy would involve

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)hypothalamic relaxation.
C)problem-focused coping.
D)primary appraisal.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The major factor that determines which type of coping we use is

A)our current level of anxiety.
B)how much control we have over the situation.
C)whether or not the situation is threatening.
D)how much frustration we have due to the situation.

Question 5

Extreme events that cause psychological injury or intense emotion pain are referred to as

A)avoidance-avoidance conflict.
B)external frustration.
C)traumatic stresses.
D)burnout.

Question 6

Regarding one's coping with threats,which of the following is FALSE?

A)The two types of coping can aid each other.
B)The two types of coping can clash and interfere with effective coping.
C)Emotion-focused coping tends to be especially useful when you are facing a controllable stressor.
D)Both types of coping involve thinking and acting in ways that help us handle stressors.

Question 7

Helen has several major projects that will all be due in two weeks.In order to deal with this situation,she makes out a plan of when to work on each project and schedules in breaks,during which she plans to walk for exercise and to meditate.She also plans to play some of her favorite music CDs as she works on the projects in order to lift her "spirits." Helen is utilizing a combination of

A)problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.
B)directive and indirective coping.
C)primary and secondary coping.
D)defense mechanisms and vacillation.

Question 8

Common reactions to a traumatic experience include

A)insomnia and nightmares.
B)depersonalization and mania.
C)food-bingeing and bulimia.
D)overworking and job burnout.

Question 9

Sam has a difficult decision to make regarding whether to take the promotion within his company that requires him to move to another state,uprooting his family,or to look for another job closer to home.This decision is causing him a great deal of emotional distress,so he quickly decides to quit his job just to end that distress and begins looking for another job.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Sam made a good decision by using problem-focused coping.
B)Sam made a poor decision because he did not utilize emotion-focused coping.
C)Sam's decision allowed him to cope with his emotions but shortchanged problem­focused coping.
D)Sam's decision solved the dilemma through problem­focused coping but shortchanged emotion­focused coping.

Question 10

Amy's mother­in­law is always critical of Amy when she comes to visit.Amy realizes that nothing she can say will change her mother­in­law's opinion of her.So,Amy has learned to not let her mother­in­law's comments sadden or anger her by taking a deep breath,smiling,saying "okay" and then forgetting the comment.Amy is using which coping strategy?

A)learned helplessness
B)emotion-focused coping
C)problem-focused coping
D)passive aggression

Question 11

Paul had planned to go on a two-week vacation.Because of problems at work,he will only be able to take off a couple of days now and then during the summer.So,Paul searches the Internet for interesting places to visit within short driving distances.Paul is dealing with this situation by using coping.

A)emotion-focused
B)directive
C)problem-focused
D)primary appraisal

Question 12

On his job,Guermo is faced with stressors that he cannot control.His best strategy for dealing with these stressors is to use

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)rationalization.
D)reaction formation.

Question 13

When Robert realized his company was on the verge of folding,he began sending out his resume to various companies in an attempt to remain gainfully employed.This example illustrates coping.

A)emotion-focused
B)directive
C)problem-focused
D)primary appraisal

Question 14

An attempt to deal with threat by managing one's feelings and anxiety is known as

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)focused threat assessment.
D)primary appraisal.

Question 15

Victims of traumatic stresses,such as war or natural disasters,tend to suffer from all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

A)flashbacks.
B)irritability.
C)sublimated rage.
D)depression.

Question 16

If you are facing a controllable stressor,it is best to use

A)primary process thinking.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)defense mechanisms.

Question 17

You have appraised a situation as stressful.You have two major choices to handle the stressors,which are

A)primary or secondary coping.
B)approach or avoidance coping.
C)problem-focused or emotion-focused coping.
D)displacement or sublimation.

Question 18

Suppose a woman feels anxious as she steps to the podium to give a speech.If she does some deep breathing and glances over her notes to reduce her anxiety and improve her delivery she is using both

A)emotion-focused and problem-focused coping.
B)primary and secondary coping.
C)sublimation and compensation to cope.
D)rationalization and reaction formation to cope.

Question 19

Traumatic stressors include

A)war and imprisonment.
B)rape and street violence.
C)natural and man-made disasters.
D)all of these.

Question 20

Padra is faced with the stressor of having made low grades on her first two Algebra tests.Since tutors are available in the math lab as well as math help available online,the best course of action for Padra in dealing with her stress would be

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)rationalization.
D)reaction formation.

Question 21

Regarding traumatic stresses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Americans faced elevated risks of hypertension and heart problems for three years after 9/11.
B)People who personally witness or survive a disaster are most affected by traumatic stress.
C)People who experience horror at a distance,such as viewing it on television,cannot really be traumatized by the event.
D)When traumatic stresses are severe or repeated,some people develop stress disorders,which can leave them emotionally handicapped for months or years.

Question 22

After experiencing the Hurricane Katrina tragedy,Ronald moved from New Orleans,yet he cannot stop thinking about the disturbing event even though he avoids any documentary or mention of the event.His friends describe him as constantly nervous,although it has been years since the event.Ronald is exhibiting symptoms of

A)a dissociative disorder.
B)a somatoform disorder.
C)a stress disorder.
D)paranoia.

Question 23

Many of the defenses were identified by Freud,who believed these defenses operate

A)unconsciously.
B)through suppression.
C)only in specific psychosexual stages.
D)by creating an imbalance between the ego and superego.

Question 24

Which of the following first identified many of the defense mechanisms and believed that these defense mechanisms were unconscious?

A)Stanley Schachter
B)William James
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Abraham Maslow

Question 25

Regarding defense mechanisms,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The use of defense mechanisms creates large blind spots in awareness.
B)Everyone has at one time or another used defense mechanisms.
C)Most of the defense mechanisms were first identified by Carl Rogers.
D)Defense mechanisms reduce anxiety by distorting or denying sources of threat.

Question 26

Habitual and often unconscious psychological strategies used to reduce anxiety are called

A)stress management techniques.
B)biofeedback.
C)defense mechanisms.
D)depersonalization techniques.

Question 27

Individuals use psychological defense mechanisms in order to

A)aid one's understanding of self.
B)prevent psychosomatic illnesses.
C)reduce depersonalization.
D)reduce anxiety.

Question 28

Which psychologists have identified various defense mechanisms that allow us to reduce anxiety caused by stressful situations or our own shortcomings?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)social learning

Question 29

Any mental process used to avoid,deny,or distort sources of threat or anxiety,including threats to one's self­ image,are called

A)delusions.
B)fixations.
C)defense mechanisms.
D)paradoxical intentions.

Question 30

If people experience repeated or intense trauma,then they are more likely to

A)reimmerse themselves back into society more quickly.
B)try to elicit sympathy from others rather than recover.
C)experience the symptoms associated with stress disorders.
D)show no symptoms of distress immediately after each occurrence.

Question 31

In order to cope with traumatic events,psychologists recommend that you do all of the following EXCEPT

A)identify what you are feeling and talk to others about your fears and concerns.
B)continue to do the things that you enjoy and that make life meaningful.
C)think about the skills that have helped you overcome adversity in the past and apply them to the present situation.
D)leave the physical area where the event occurred immediately and,if possible,do not return for at least three years.

Question 32

Coping with traumatic events is a necessity if one is to recover.In these types of situations,psychologists recommend a number of coping strategies,including which of the following?

A)Get support from others and talk about the feelings you are experiencing.
B)Change your daily activities and past patterns of behavior.
C)Emotionally deal with all your feelings immediately after the event,so you never have to think about the event again.
D)Leave the physical area where the event occurred immediately and never return again.

Question 33

Timothy served in the U.S.army in Iraq and experienced severe and repeated traumatic stresses during his tour of duty.Upon returning to the U.S. ,Timothy appeared to his friends to be emotionally numb,avoided watching any news program when the war was mentioned,and confided to his parents that he cannot stop thinking about what he experienced in Iraq.Timothy should be referred to a psychologist to help treat his

A)psychosis.
B)stress disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 34

The unpleasant state of anxiety can lead to a type of coping that is defensive in nature called coping.

A)primary appraisal
B)emotion-focused
C)problem-focused
D)situationally-focused

Question 35

Traumatic stress,such as being in a natural disaster,tends to produce feelings of

A)frustration and conflict.
B)pressure and exhaustion.
C)conflict and vacillation.
D)helplessness and vulnerability.

Question 36

Victims of traumatic stresses often

A)become workaholics.
B)become Type B personalities.
C)feel that they are losing control of their lives.
D)feel invincible having survived where others did not.

Question 37

Regarding traumatic stresses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Twenty percent of the people who lived close to Ground Zero in New York suffered serious stress disorders.
B)Forty-four percent of U.S.adults who only saw the September 11th terrorist attacks on television had at least some stress symptoms.
C)Since victims realize that disaster could strike again without warning,many victims feel that they are losing control of their lives.
D)Persons who develop the most severe anxiety exhibit schizophrenic-like symptoms that require antipsychotic medication.

Question 38

People are more likely to develop stress disorders that require professional help,when traumatic stresses are

A)severe or repeated.
B)unexpected.
C)natural disasters.
D)man-made disasters.

Question 39

Regarding stress disorders,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stress disorders can leave victims emotionally numb or with crippling anxiety for months or years after a disaster.
B)Children are more resilient than adults and usually "bounce back" from traumatic stress more quickly than adults and with fewer lasting effects.
C)Getting support from others is a major element in recovery from all traumatic events.
D)Individuals with stress disorders often can't stop thinking about the disturbing event,and anxiously avoid anything associated with the event.

Question 40

Apprehension,dread,or uneasiness,similar to fear but based on an unclear threat,is called

A)pressure.
B)stress.
C)anxiety.
D)denial.

Question 41

At work,Walter feels overworked and unappreciated.He often imagines himself receiving a surprise visit from the CEO,who presents him with an award for his hard work and dedication to the company.Walter is using which defense mechanism?

A)compensation
B)rationalization
C)intellectualization
D)fantasy

Question 42

Although Larry never went out for any sport at his high school,he could be seen in the stands of every game wearing the school's colors and cheering wildly for his team.When they won,he felt exhilarated and would tell people,"We won! I knew we could do it," as if he had played the whole game himself.Larry is exhibiting which defense mechanism?

A)identification
B)rationalization
C)intellectualization
D)sublimation

Question 43

Regarding defense mechanisms,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The use of defense mechanisms prevents us from developing large blind spots in awareness.
B)Defense mechanisms often help keep us from being overwhelmed by immediate threats.
C)Most of the defense mechanisms were first identified by Jean Piaget.
D)After years of research,it has been found that defense mechanisms are almost completely conscious in nature.

Question 44

Fantasy,identification,isolation,and intellectualization are

A)examples of conflicts.
B)examples of frustrations.
C)the stages of burnout.
D)examples of defense mechanisms.

Question 45

You go to the on-line grade book to check out your grade on the last test.The grade is a 60.You tell yourself this has to be a mistake.The teacher must have recorded someone else's grade or graded your test with the wrong answer key.Which defense mechanism are you using?

A)reaction formation
B)repression
C)denial
D)projection

Question 46

Regarding defense mechanisms,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People who overuse defense mechanisms become less adaptable.
B)Defense mechanisms can provide time for a person to learn to cope in a more effective,problem-focused manner.
C)Defense mechanisms keep us from being overwhelmed by immediate threats.
D)Defense mechanisms prevent us from creating large blind spots in awareness.

Question 47

Which defense mechanism involves separating contradictory thoughts or feelings into "logic­tight" mental comparments so that they do not come into conflict?

A)compensation
B)isolation
C)intellectualization
D)identification

Question 48

When Pablo's father died after a long illness,Pablo shielded himself from this emotional pain by thinking about how his father was now out of the pain that he had been in for over two years and how his father had lived such a long and meaningful life.Pablo is using the defense mechanism known as

A)compensation.
B)rationalization.
C)fantasy.
D)intellectualization.

Question 49

Emergency room doctors must focus on their procedures rather than be overcome with emotion in viewing their patients in excruciating pain.By separating the emotion from an anxiety-provoking situation so they can save lives,the doctors are using the defense mechanism known as

A)compensation.
B)repression.
C)intellectualization.
D)rationalization.

Question 50

Which defense mechanism involves separating emotion from a threatening or anxiety-provoking situation by talking or thinking about it in impersonal terms?

A)compensation
B)rationalization
C)intellectualization
D)fantasy

Question 51

Luis is five years old and tries to dress and talk like his father,whom he admires.This makes him feel "grown­up" and invincible.Luis is exhibiting which defense mechanism?

A)rationalization
B)identification
C)intellectualization
D)sublimation

Question 52

Although Ken uses unethical and deceptive business practices during the work week,he is known as a hardworking volunteer by his church and his community on the weekend.By keeping these two sides of himself in "logic­tight" mental compartments so they do not come in conflict,Ken will experience very little anxiety because he is using the defense mechanism known as

A)compensation.
B)isolation.
C)intellectualization.
D)identification.

Question 53

Protecting oneself from an unpleasant reality by refusing to accept or believe it is known as

A)resistance.
B)rejection.
C)conscious inhibition.
D)denial.

Question 54

Although Tara has bought several of her research papers on-line and preprogrammed formulas into her calculator rather than memorizing them as required by her instructor,Tara still sees herself as a "good" student because she attends class regularly and makes A's and B's.By keeping her unethical side separated from her "good" student side,Tara does not experience any anxiety from this contradiction in behavior.Tara's behavior illustrates which defense mechanism?

A)isolation
B)fantasy
C)intellectualization
D)identification

Question 55

Although Greg tends to be "invisible" to his fellow classmates,he spends a great deal of his class time daydreaming about being the most popular student at school with lots of friends.Greg is using the defense mechanism known as

A)compensation.
B)rationalization.
C)fantasy.
D)intellectualization.

Question 56

Carl's wife of 56 years just died,yet he refuses to admit she is gone.Instead,he talks to her,fixes meals for her, and generally acts as though she is still with him.Carl is using the defense mechanism of

A)denial.
B)resistance.
C)avoidance.
D)rejection.

Question 57

Regarding defense mechanisms,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Defense mechanisms keep us from being overwhelmed by immediate threats.
B)Defense mechanisms can provide time for a person to learn to cope in a more effective and problem- focused manner.
C)The use of defense mechanisms consumes a great deal of emotional energy,as people try to maintain an unrealistic self-image.
D)The overuse of defense mechanisms causes people to become more adaptable.

Question 58

Which defense mechanism involves fulfilling unmet desires in imagined achievements or activities?

A)compensation
B)rationalization
C)intellectualization
D)fantasy

Question 59

The single word that best describes the function of defense mechanisms is

A)projection.
B)protection.
C)integration.
D)compensation.

Question 60

Which defense mechanism involves taking on some of the characteristics of an admired person or persons,usually as a way of compensating for perceived personal weaknesses or faults?

A)identification
B)rationalization
C)intellectualization
D)fantasy

Question 61

Any return to earlier,less demanding situations or habits is the defense mechanism known as

A)denial.
B)repression.
C)regression.
D)reaction formation.

Question 62

Sid quit smoking over 20 years ago.Whenever he sees a young person light up a cigarette,he lectures them angrily about the dangers of smoking.When asked why he does this,he responds that if he did not get angry with them,he might ask them for a cigarette.Sid is doing the exact opposite behavior of how he really feels,which is characteristic of the defense mechanism of

A)reaction formation.
B)sublimation.
C)projection.
D)displacement.

Question 63

Whenever six-year-old Aaron gets upset,he begins to cry and suck his thumb.Aaron is using which defense mechanism?

A)regression
B)sublimation
C)repression
D)reaction formation

Question 64

Unconsciously preventing anxiety-producing experiences from reaching conscious awareness is called

A)sublimation.
B)repression.
C)displacement.
D)regression.

Question 65

Ronjela witnessed a horrific murder but cannot seem to remember any of it no matter how hard she tries.Ronjela's inability to recall the event is most likely due to

A)denial.
B)projection.
C)repression.
D)sublimation.

Question 66

Susan,who is in college,is under a lot of stress.She cries and has a major temper tantrum when her roommate tries to help her.She decides to go home to her parents for comfort.This behavior is an example of

A)regression.
B)reaction formation.
C)displacement.
D)sublimation.

Question 67

Acting out an opposite behavior to block threatening impulses or feelings is the basic idea behind which defense mechanism?

A)projection
B)intellectualization
C)regression
D)reaction formation

Question 68

Elizabeth has a crush on Jason.When her friends tell her that they know she likes Jason,Elizabeth goes overboard telling her friends why she would never like Jason.Which defense mechanism explains Elizabeth's behavior?

A)sublimation
B)reaction formation
C)rationalization
D)projection

Question 69

Regarding repression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Feelings of hostility toward a family member,names of people we dislike,and past failures are common targets of repression.
B)Recent research suggests that we are most likely to repress information that threatens our self-image.
C)Freud noticed that his patients had tremendous difficulty recalling shocking or traumatic events from childhood.
D)Repression involves protecting ourselves from unpleasant reality by consciously refusing to perceive it.

Question 70

Selma has no memory of being sexually abused as a child.Which defense mechanism is most likely at work in this situation?

A)projection
B)sublimation
C)isolation
D)repression

Question 71

Freud noticed that his patients had tremendous difficulty recalling shocking or traumatic events from childhood.It seemed that powerful forces were holding these painful memories from awareness.Freud referred to this process as

A)sublimation.
B)repression.
C)displacement.
D)regression.

Question 72

"I don't believe it" is to denial as an adult saying,"I'm going home to mother!" is to

A)repression.
B)regression.
C)projection.
D)fantasy.

Question 73

Jill insists over and over that she loves her mother.However,her mother is a long-time hypochondriac who fakes illness after illness.Currently,her mother's alleged ill health has required Jill to give up an independent social life.
Jill might be suspected of displaying the defense mechanism of

A)projection.
B)reaction formation.
C)sublimation.
D)compensation.

Question 74

We attribute our own shortcomings and unacceptable feelings to others when we use

A)reaction formation.
B)denial.
C)projection.
D)sublimation.

Question 75

Deidre refused to believe that she has a drinking problem even though she has had two DUIs.Deidre is using which defense mechanism?

A)reaction formation
B)sublimation
C)displacement
D)denial

Question 76

A defense mechanism in which impulses are not only repressed but are also held in check through the exaggeration of opposite behavior is known as

A)projection.
B)rationalization.
C)regression.
D)reaction formation.

Question 77

Penny's college roommate borrows clothes without asking,rarely contributes to the snacks in the fridge,and teases Penny constantly in front of others in the dorm.Although deep down Penny has come to really dislike her roommate,on the surface she acts as if they are best friends.It is likely that Penny is using the defense mechanism known as

A)reaction formation.
B)sublimation.
C)projection.
D)displacement.

Question 78

In reaction formation,individuals

A)openly express unacceptable impulses.
B)use daydreams or substitute activities to discharge their unconscious conflicts and motives.
C)engage in exaggerated behaviors that are the opposite of their true feelings.
D)justify their behavior by giving rational reasons for it.

Question 79

Often when a newborn baby is brought home from the hospital,the preschool sibling will begin to exhibit behaviors,such as sucking his or her thumb or wetting the bed.These reactions illustrate which defense mechanism?

A)compensation
B)repression
C)reaction formation
D)regression

Question 80

Which of the following is an unconscious process in which people see their own faults in other people,thus,protecting themselves against the anxiety they would feel if they discerned these faults in themselves?

A)reaction formation
B)denial
C)projection
D)sublimation