Deck 73: Social Psychology: Antisocial Behavior

Question 1

Kimara intentionally excludes Abby from her little group of friends at school and has even spread rumors about Abby.These negative experiences would be described as bullying.

A)direct
B)indirect
C)restrictive
D)neglectful

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Regarding gender differences in bullying,male bullies are more likely to engage in

A)direct aggression,while female bullies tend to specialize in indirect aggression.
B)indirect aggression,while female bullies tend to specialize in direct aggression.
C)verbal aggression,while female bullies tend to specialize in physical aggression.
D)cyberbullying,while female bullies tend to specialize in direct aggression.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Tomas regularly calls his fellow classmates names,teases and insults them both at school and on online social networking sites.Tomas' bullying would be described as

A)direct verbal bullying.
B)indirect online bullying.
C)indirect physical bullying.
D)none of these.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Lisa has been posting some negative,hateful comments and spreading rumors about Elena online through emails and on social networking sites.Lisa is engaging in

A)telebullying.
B)indirect physical bullying.
C)cyberbullying.
D)media bullying.

Question 5

Regarding bullying,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Bullying can be verbal or physical.
B)To be considered bullying,the aggression must be a direct,"in your face" type of encounter.
C)Bullying is a worldwide phenomenon and occurs among all age groups and in all settings.
D)Childhood bullying can have long-term consequences for the mental health of both bullies and their victims.

Question 6

The belief that humans are naturally or biologically aggressive is characteristic of which viewpoint?

A)social learning theory
B)instinctual explanation
C)humanistic theory
D)applied behavior analysis

Question 7

Aggression,prejudice,and intergroup conflict are all examples of behavior.

A)opportunistic
B)meanview
C)antisocial
D)assertive

Question 8

Regarding bullying,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Bullies tend to deal with everyday situations by resorting to aggression.
B)Female bullies are more likely to engage in direct aggression,while male bullies tend to specialize in indirect aggression.
C)Bullying done online is called cyberbullying.
D)Adolescent and adult bullying can lead to serious violence,including murder and suicide.

Question 9

Bullying first appears in early childhood and

A)ends by the time a child begins middle school.
B)ends by the beginning of high school.
C)continues until the end of high school and then is not shown during adulthood.
D)can continue into adulthood.

Question 10

Hypoglycemia,allergies,and brain disorders can lower the threshold for aggression.This fact most directly supports which view of aggression?

A)instinctual
B)biological
C)modeling
D)behavioral

Question 11

Rusty is an eight-year-old,who deals with everyday situations using aggression.He regularly calls his fellow classmates names,teases and insults them,as well as pushing them out of his way on the playground.Rusty is exhibiting

A)bullying.
B)excessive assertiveness.
C)discrimination.
D)intergroup conflict.

Question 12

Because some individuals or human groups,such as the Arapesh,the Senoi,the Navajo,and the Eskimo,show little hostility or aggression casts doubt on which viewpoint of aggression?

A)social learning theory
B)humanistic theory
C)instinctual explanation
D)frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 13

Examples of aggression include

A)intentional exclusion and spreading rumors.
B)bullying and harassment.
C)ethnic cleansing and gangland executions.
D)all of these.

Question 14

Critics of instinctual explanations of aggression are most likely to challenge this theory on which of the following grounds?

A)The instinctual explanation does not explain why some individuals and some human cultures,such as the Arapesh,Senoi,Navajo,and Eskimo show little hostility or aggression.
B)The instinctual explanation has little intuitive appeal and is not likely to be popular with the general population.
C)The instinctual explanation gives a complex explanation of behavior without fully describing the behavior.
D)The instinctual explanation does not explain why lower animals are much more aggressive than humans.

Question 15

Aggression is best defined as

A)severe hostility.
B)anger turned outward.
C)any action carried out with the intent of harming another person.
D)none of these.

Question 16

If a behavior has a negative impact on other people,it is referred to as behavior.

A)opportunistic
B)meanview
C)antisocial
D)assertive

Question 17

Regarding aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Bullying is a worldwide phenomenon and occurs among all age groups and in all settings.
B)More than 180 million humans were killed by other humans (an average of nearly one person every 18 seconds)during the 20th century.
C)Physiological studies have shown that some brain areas are capable of triggering or ending aggressive behavior.
D)The fact that we are biologically capable of aggression means that aggression is inevitable and is "part of our human nature."

Question 18

Physiological studies have shown that which of the following can directly trigger or end aggression in humans?

A)instincts
B)some brain areas
C)increasing or decreasing environmental temperature
D)desensitization to aggressive cues

Question 19

The deliberate and repeated use of aggression as a tactic for dealing with every-day situations is called

A)assertiveness.
B)bullying.
C)discrimination.
D)intergroup conflict.

Question 20

Any action carried out with the intention of harming another person is referred to as

A)aggression.
B)assertiveness.
C)discrimination.
D)conflict.

Question 21

The observation that guns and knives can serve as strong cues for aggressive behavior is known as the

A)ethological perspective.
B)mean worldview.
C)weapons effect.
D)heightened arousal effect.

Question 22

Road rage and some freeway shootings are most likely the result of

A)the frustration of traffic congestion with automobiles providing anonymity,or a loss of personal identity.
B)urban societies being desensitized by the violence and apathetic to their fellow motorists.
C)instinctual drives for aggression being elicited by the honking horns and angry gestures.
D)the car serving as an aggressive weapons effect.

Question 23

The American Quakers and Amish,who live in this country's increasingly violent culture,exhibit nonviolence as a way of life,which shows that

A)biological factors do not affect one's tendency toward aggression.
B)these groups of people inherited docile temperaments.
C)these groups of people have adopted a state of learned helplessness.
D)humans are capable of learning to inhibit aggression.

Question 24

Regarding the causes of aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The tendency to be violent is neither in our evolutionary legacy or in our genes.
B)Humans are fully capable of learning to inhibit aggression.
C)The use of alcohol and drugs is considered a direct cause of aggressive behavior.
D)Physiological studies have shown that some brain areas are capable of triggering or ending aggressive behavior.

Question 25

Regarding the relationship between frustration and aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Aggression can occur in the absence of frustration.
B)Frustration may encourage aggression because it makes us uncomfortable.
C)Frustration may lead to stereotyped responding or a state of "learned helplessness."
D)Frustration inhibits innate cathartic patterns that lower aggression.

Question 26

Regarding the relationship between aversive stimuli and aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Personal discomfort caused by aversive stimuli can make aggressive behavior more likely.
B)Studies of crime rates show that there is no link between the incidence of highly aggressive behavior,such as murder,rape,and assault,and increases in the air temperature from warm to very hot.
C)There is a strong positive association between the temperature at major league baseball games and the number of batters hit by a pitch during those games.
D)Some cues for aggression are internal,while many of the cues are external.

Question 27

Which of the following is defined as stimuli or signals that are associated with violent actions and include words,gestures,and angry thoughts?

A)aggression cues
B)anger escalators
C)inhibition exemplars
D)disinhibition effects

Question 28

The importance of external cues for aggression is shown by the

A)ethological view of aggression.
B)biological view of aggression.
C)weapons effect.
D)empathic arousal effect.

Question 29

The fact that more murders occur in homes where guns are kept illustrates the importance of

A)the weapons effect.
B)a biological predisposition to aggress.
C)learned helplessness.
D)stereotyped responding.

Question 30

Regarding the link between alcohol and aggression,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Alcohol is a direct cause of aggression.
B)Alcohol lowers the threshold for aggression,making it more likely to occur.
C)Alcohol causes relaxation and inhibits it by raising the threshold for aggression.
D)Alcohol induces hypoglycemia and frustration.

Question 31

For both men and women,more aggressive behavior is associated with higher levels of

A)acetylcholine.
B)estrogen.
C)testosterone.
D)dopamine.

Question 32

Because of their higher testosterone levels,men are more likely engage in physical aggression than women.This fact supports which theory of aggression?

A)humanistic
B)biological
C)social learning
D)instinctual

Question 33

Disgusting scenes or odors,pain,and insults are aversive stimuli that can heighten hostility by

A)lowering arousal levels so one is more likely to aggress.
B)raising overall arousal levels so one is more sensitive to aggressive cues.
C)inhibiting innate patterns designed to lower aggression.
D)triggering innate patterns for aggression.

Question 34

Regarding cues for aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Angry thoughts are considered internal cues for aggression.
B)External cues for aggression may include words,actions,and gestures.
C)Murders are much more likely to occur in homes where guns are kept.
D)Aversive stimuli,such as high temperatures,lower one's overall arousal levels making one less sensitive to aggressive cues.

Question 35

Frustration probably encourages aggression because it

A)triggers genetic mechanisms.
B)makes people uncomfortable.
C)triggers biological cues for aggression.
D)relieves tension.

Question 36

People are more likely to aggress when their goals are blocked,according to the

A)frustration-aggression hypothesis.
B)instinctual aggression hypothesis.
C)social learning theory.
D)cognitive dissonance theory.

Question 37

Regarding the relationship between aversive stimuli and aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Aversive stimuli produce discomfort or displeasure and can heighten hostility and aggression.
B)Aversive stimuli tend to activate ideas,memories,and expressions associated with anger and aggression.
C)Aversive stimuli tend to lower one's arousal levels,making one more likely to aggress.
D)Examples of aversive stimuli include insults,high temperature,pain,and disgusting scenes or odors.

Question 38

Sports spectators who start fights,throw bottles,and tear down goal posts after their team wins the game illustrate the possibility that aggression

A)can occur in the absence of frustration.
B)is encouraged by any frustration that makes people uncomfortable.
C)can be caused by a state of "learned helplessness."
D)is caused by instinctual drives that require catharsis to lower one's aggressiveness.

Question 39

Aggression cues include all of the following EXCEPT

A)angry thoughts.
B)words and gestures.
C)the weapons effect.
D)instinctual drives.

Question 40

The use of alcohol and drugs make hostile behavior more likely to occur because the alcohol and drugs

A)lower one's threshold for aggression.
B)increase one's frustration level.
C)create a state of learned helplessness.
D)serve as direct cue for aggressiveness.

Question 41

Jeremy is watching a TV program that portrays violence as an acceptable way of dealing with problems.This message may

A)increase Jeremy's emotional sensitivity to violent acts.
B)lower Jeremy's inhibitions against acting out hostile feelings.
C)decrease aggressive urges by releasing pent-up frustrations.
D)do all of these.

Question 42

Disinhibition to violence means

A)an individual is imitating an undesirable violent behavior.
B)the acting out of an undesirable violent behavior that would normally be restrained.
C)a reduction of emotional sensitivity to violence.
D)that a state of learned helplessness is occurring.

Question 43

According to social learning theory,TV violence often leads to children

A)learning new aggressive acts.
B)inhibiting aggressive impulses.
C)relieving their aggressive urges
D)becoming more sensitized to violence.

Question 44

Regarding statistics on the aggressiveness of the culture in the United States,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Approximately 70 percent of the U.S.population own at least one firearm.
B)In 2011,a violent crime occurred every 26 seconds in the United States.
C)The violent crime rate has declined by over 15 percent in the last decade in the U.S.
D)Today's children and adolescents spend an average of 50 hours a week exploring various media,witnessing a strong dose of violence along the way.

Question 45

Social learning theory implies that watching a violent show or boxing match on TV

A)reduces aggressive urges.
B)encourages aggression.
C)releases tensions.
D)allows us to displace our aggression.

Question 46

The belief that we learn to be aggressive by observing aggression in others is held by

A)the ethological learning theorists.
B)the dissonance conditioning theorists.
C)the social learning theorists.
D)no serious theorists.

Question 47

Albert Bandura demonstrated in his studies that

A)children learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior or learn that violence is "okay."
B)aversive stimuli leads to heightened arousal making it much more likely that aggression will occur.
C)aggression is a biologically-rooted behavior found in all animal species.
D)frustration leads to aggression.

Question 48

Regarding social learning theory and aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Social learning theory uses learning principles,cognitive processes,modeling,and socialization to explain why aggression occurs.
B)According to social learning theory,biological factors and frustration play significant roles in the development of aggression.
C)Social learning theory predicts that victims of violence during childhood are likely to become violent themselves.
D)According to social learning theory,those individuals raised in a culture with aggressive models and heroes will tend to learn aggressive responses.

Question 49

Which theory predicts that people growing up in nonaggressive cultures will be nonaggressive,while those raised in cultures with aggressive heroes and other aggressive models will develop aggressive responses?

A)ethological theory
B)social learning theory
C)humanistic theory
D)psychoanalytical theory

Question 50

A mother who is searching for an explanation for the increased aggression in her six-year-old child would be advised by social learning theorists that such aggression is

A)a part of human nature and therefore inevitable.
B)a well-known developmental stage according to psychosocial theory.
C)probably an imitation of a model to which her child has been exposed.
D)part of a general syndrome of pathological behavior that may have a biological cause.

Question 51

Violent delinquent behavior among adolescents usually develops slowly as they move from minor aggression,such as bullying,in early adolescence to physical fighting and gang fighting to rape and muggings in late adolescence.This escalation is best explained by which theory?

A)instinctual theory
B)frustration-aggression hypothesis
C)social learning theory
D)biological theory

Question 52

Which of the following demonstrated in his studies that children may learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior,or they may learn that violence is "okay"?

A)Elliot Aronson
B)Albert Bandura
C)David Buss
D)Stanley Schachter

Question 53

Normally,a violent behavior is restrained.If a person shows this violent behavior,the text suggests it may be a result of

A)desensitization.
B)disinhibition.
C)inhibition.
D)sensitization.

Question 54

The social learning theory of aggression explains that

A)watching aggressive models reduces tension and lowers aggressiveness.
B)people learn to be aggressive by watching aggressive models.
C)the innate patterns of behavior are inhibited by watching aggressive models.
D)watching aggressive models leads to frustrated desires,which in turn,leads to aggressive acts.

Question 55

Dr.Oren explains behaviors,such as aggression,by using a theory that combines learning principles with cognitive processes,socialization,and modeling.Dr.Oren is utilizing the theory.

A)ethological learning
B)dissonance conditioning
C)social learning
D)humanistic

Question 56

Cyberbullying or harassment of others over the Internet is referred to as

A)electronic aggression.
B)passive aggression.
C)the displacement effect regarding aggression.
D)the mean worldview.

Question 57

Portrayal of aggression on television would be of particular theoretical concern to the

A)psychoanalytic theorists.
B)frustration-aggression theorists.
C)ethologists.
D)social learning theorists.

Question 58

Regarding social learning theory and aggression,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The social learning theory states that instincts and the triggering of certain brain areas by environmental cues are responsible for one's aggressive responses.
B)According to the social learning theory,frustration leads to one becoming aggressive because aversive stimuli in the environment make one uncomfortable.
C)The social learning theory predicts that victims of violence during childhood are likely to become violent themselves.
D)According to the social learning theory,cultural factors have not been shown to have any significant impact on aggressive behavior.

Question 59

Jennifer and her friends have been harassing the new girl in class by sending her hateful and threatening e-mails and posting horrible comments about her on Facebook.Jennifer and her friends are engaging in

A)electronic aggression.
B)passive aggression.
C)the displacement effect regarding aggression.
D)the mean worldview.

Question 60

People who were the victims of violence during childhood are likely to become violent themselves.This is a testament to which theory of aggression?

A)ethological
B)social learning
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytical

Question 61

Martin,a 32-year-old human relations administrator at a university,believes that all professors over age 50 are incapable of learning the new educational technologies and are content to keep presenting their same "tired,boring" lectures.He often expresses these views to other administrators and does not encourage any of the "older" faculty members to attend professional development meetings related to new teaching approaches nor does he suggest that the university send them to any of the technology conferences.Martin is exhibiting

A)ageism.
B)gerontology
C)geriatrics.
D)elderism

Question 62

Desensitization to violence means that

A)imitation of this undesirable violent behavior will occur.
B)the removal of an inhibition to be violent has occurred.
C)there was a reduction of emotional sensitivity to violence.
D)there was an increase in emotional sympathy for the victims.

Question 63

"Racial profiling" by law enforcement in which specific racial groups are targeted for questioning or cited more often than other groups for minor infractions,such as illegal lane change,is an example of

A)stereotyping.
B)symbolic prejudice.
C)a personal prejudice.
D)discrimination.

Question 64

Regarding the effects of TV violence,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)TV violence raises inhibitions against acting out our hostile feelings.
B)TV can cause desensitization to violence.
C)Children can learn new aggressive actions by watching TV violence.
D)Children can learn that violence is acceptable.

Question 65

Racism,sexism,and ageism are examples of

A)stereotyping within a particular culture.
B)prejudices reflected in governmental policies.
C)symbolic discrimination.
D)none of these.

Question 66

Which theory of aggression is illustrated by the fact that children who are physically abused at home,those who suffer severe physical punishment,and those who merely witness violence in the community are more likely to be involved in fighting,aggressive play,and antisocial behavior at school?

A)psychoanalytical theory
B)instinctual theory
C)social learning theory
D)humanistic theory.

Question 67

One consequence of seeing aggression portrayed on TV or video games is a loss of one's emotional response to this violence,which is called

A)disinhibition.
B)disassociation.
C)deconditioning.
D)desensitization.

Question 68

The text suggests parents can minimize the negative impact of TV on children by all of the following EXCEPT

A)turning off programs that they feel are too violent and offering an alternative game.
B)watching TV with their child and pointing out distortions and fantasy.
C)allowing the child to learn responsibility by selecting shows he or she likes.
D)creating a safe,warm environment at home and school and modeling positive ways of getting along in the world.

Question 69

If the policies of a governmental institution reflect the belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality,then this prejudice is called

A)homophobia.
B)heterosexism.
C)sexism.
D)transsexualism.

Question 70

By playing violent videogames and watching TV programs in which his superheroes fight the villains,Anton is likely to experience

A)desensitization to violence.
B)an inhibition to violence.
C)a catharsis of pent-up aggressive urges.
D)increased empathy for the victims of violence.

Question 71

Racial prejudice that is reflected in the policies of police departments,schools,or government institutions is referred to as

A)racial ethnocentrism.
B)racism.
C)stereotyping.
D)fascism.

Question 72

Discrimination is best defined as behaviors that

A)allow us to tell one ethnic group from another.
B)occur when members of one racial group threaten members of another group.
C)prevent individuals from doing things they should be able to do.
D)make a positive or negative distinction between groups.

Question 73

Which of the following is a negative emotional attitude tinged with fear,hatred,or suspicion that is held against members of a particular social group?

A)prejudice
B)stereotype
C)discrimination
D)displaced aggression

Question 74

If a father wanted to limit the effect of TV on his children,he should

A)explore the media with his children so that he can counter what is shown and help them to distinguish between reality and fantasy in the media.
B)closely monitor what his children do watch and change the channels or turn off the television if he objects to a program.
C)create a safe,warm environment at home and school and model positive ways of getting along in the world.
D)do all of these

Question 75

If the policies of a government institution,such as a school or college,show prejudice based on the person's age,whether young or old,this is called

A)ageism.
B)gerontology.
C)geriatrics.
D)elderism.

Question 76

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical is known as

A)stereotyping.
B)prejudice.
C)authoritarianism.
D)discrimination.

Question 77

If the policies of a government institution,such as a school or college,show prejudice against males or females based solely on their gender,this is called

A)genderism.
B)transsexualism.
C)sexism.
D)androgyny.

Question 78

All of the following are specific types of prejudice EXCEPT

A)heterosexism.
B)ageism.
C)sexism.
D)animism.

Question 79

A mother who wants to buffer the effect of television on her children should

A)let her children show maturity by selecting their own TV programs.
B)limit total viewing time for her children and schedule what is viewed.
C)ignore the violent acts on television so as not to draw the child's attention to them.
D)should discount any real depictions of violence on TV as fantasy or make-believe.

Question 80

Regarding aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)While some evidence suggests that widespread exposure to media violence contributes to aggression,there is disagreement as to the power or pervasiveness of the impact.
B)Children who are physically abused at home,those who suffer severe physical punishment,and those who merely witness violence in the community are more likely to be involved in fighting,aggressive play,and antisocial behavior at school.
C)Albert Bandura showed in his studies of imitation,children may learn new aggressive actions by watching violent or aggressive behavior,or they may learn that violence is "okay."
D)According to Harvard University psychologist Steven Pinker,if you compare the amount of violence in the modern world with the more distant past,it appears that aggression is dramatically increasing.