Deck 76: Applied Psychology: Environmental Psychology

Question 1

People have a significant impact on the environment with each of us generating which of the following as we consume the resources it takes to sustain life?

A)territorial marker
B)biodata
C)ecological footprint
D)proxemic waste

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a social environment?

A)a parade
B)a beach
C)a city
D)none of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Physical settings can be

A)social or solitary.
B)natural or constructed.
C)implicit or explicit.
D)endogenous or exogenous.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Regarding environments,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Specific environments have a significant impact on one's behavior.
B)People have a significant impact on both natural and constructed environments.
C)Various behavioral settings place strong demands on people to act in expected ways.
D)Ethological psychologists study the relationship between environments and human behavior.

Question 5

Natural settings,such as forests and beaches,as well as environments built by humans,such as buildings,ships,and cities,would be classified by environmental psychologists as

A)physical environments.
B)social environments.
C)behavioral settings.
D)territorial settings.

Question 6

Offices,locker rooms,church sanctuaries,and classrooms are all

A)territorial markers.
B)behavioral settings.
C)natural environments.
D)personal spaces.

Question 7

To an environmental psychologist,a dance,a business meeting,or a party would all be considered

A)physical environments.
B)social environments.
C)behavioral settings.
D)territorial settings.

Question 8

Which of the following are defined by groups of people and their activities or interrelationships,such as sporting events or business meetings?

A)physical environments
B)social environments
C)behavioral settings
D)territorial settings

Question 9

Who has the greatest interest in behavioral settings,territorial behavior,and crowding?

A)organizational psychologists
B)environmental psychologists
C)human factors engineers
D)health psychologists

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a physical environment?

A)a forest
B)a beach
C)a city
D)all of these

Question 11

To an environmental psychologist,a church revival meeting or a sporting event would both be considered

A)physical environments.
B)social environments.
C)behavioral settings.
D)territorial settings.

Question 12

Regarding the relationship between humans and planet Earth,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The environment has a significant impact on people,while people also have a significant impact on the environment.
B)Each of us generates an ecological footprint,as we consume the resources it takes to sustain life.
C)For every year of human resource consumption it will take Earth 1.5 years to recover with people using two Earth's worth of resources every year by the year 2030.
D)The specialty area in psychology that studies the relationship between environments and human behavior is called consumer psychology.

Question 13

A conversation is more likely to occur in the campus center lounge than in the library because

A)various behavioral settings place strong demands on people to act in expected ways.
B)the density level is higher in the campus center lounge than in the library.
C)the architectural design of the campus center lounge differs greatly from that of the library.
D)more sociable personalities tend to frequent the campus center lounge than the library.

Question 14

For every year of human resource consumption it will take Earth how many years to recover?

A)one year
B)1.5 years
C)two years
D)2.5 years

Question 15

A fistfight is more likely to occur in a country-western bar than in a church because

A)specific environments have a significant impact on a person's behavior.
B)the density level is higher in a bar than in a church.
C)different styles of music produce differing reactions in people.
D)more aggressive personalities tend to frequent bars more than churches.

Question 16

Environmental psychologists are interested in three types of environments.Which of the following is NOT one of these environments?

A)physical environments
B)social environments
C)behavioral settings
D)biological settings

Question 17

Which of the following is a smaller area within an environment whose use is well defined,such as a bus depot,waiting room,or student lounge?

A)territorial marker
B)behavioral setting
C)situational space
D)social proxemic

Question 18

The study of how people's surroundings affect their behavior is known as psychology.

A)organizational
B)behavioral
C)environmental
D)social

Question 19

Regarding behavioral settings,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)They are smaller areas within a physical environment.
B)They involve natural rather than constructed personal spaces.
C)They tend to place strong demands on people to act in expected ways.
D)They are areas whose use is well defined.

Question 20

By 2030,we will be using how many Earth's worth of resources every year?

A)one Earth's worth
B)two Earth's worth
C)three Earth's worth
D)four Earth's worth

Question 21

Which of the following extends the "I" or "me" boundaries past the skin to the immediate environment?

A)spatial role
B)personal space
C)ego location
D)proximal location

Question 22

If you were responsible for designing a new town meeting hall,shopping mall,or college dorm,you would be wise to consult a(n)psychologist.

A)organizational
B)behavioral
C)environmental
D)vocational

Question 23

Proxemics is the study of

A)approximations.
B)rules for proxy.
C)group cohesiveness.
D)personal space.

Question 24

In an elevator,people space themselves equally around the three back walls.This type of behavior would be studied as part of

A)self-disclosure.
B)autokinetics.
C)attribution.
D)proxemics.

Question 25

Regarding personal space,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Personal space is an area surrounding the body that is regarded as private and under one's personal control.
B)The four basic spatial zones are intimate,personal,social,and public distance.
C)The systematic study of norms concerning the use of personal space is called ergonomics.
D)Norms governing comfortable or acceptable distances vary according to relationships as well as activities.

Question 26

You are talking with a new acquaintance,and you move in closer.Most people will do all of the following EXCEPT

A)take a step backward.
B)turn to their side or look away.
C)move forward toward you.
D)position an arm in front of themselves.

Question 27

You are talking with an acquaintance,and you move in closer.Most people will show signs of discomfort.They will either step back,turn to the side,look away,or position an arm in front of themselves because you have

A)ignored their status.
B)violated their personal space.
C)violated group structure.
D)created a role conflict.

Question 28

The systematic study of the human use of space,particularly in social settings is called

A)kinesics.
B)ecopsychology.
C)proxemics.
D)territoriality.

Question 29

The fact that many train commuters prefer to stand up if it means they can avoid sitting too close to strangers illustrates which of the following?

A)social facilitation
B)personal space
C)the autokinetic effect
D)passive compliance

Question 30

Dr.Mellos is conducting research regarding the norms concerning personal space.Dr.Mellos is interested in the field known as

A)kinesics.
B)ecopsychology.
C)proxemics.
D)ergonomics.

Question 31

Putting a raised flowerbed around a sign to protect it from vandalism would reflect the work of psychologists.

A)territorial
B)environmental
C)behavioral
D)engineering

Question 32

A psychology student goes to the beach to collect observations of how people use personal space.The student is investigating

A)proxemics.
B)attribution theory.
C)group structure.
D)cohesiveness.

Question 33

Topics of interest to environmental psychologists include

A)privacy.
B)pollution.
C)littering.
D)all of these.

Question 34

Crowding,littering,noise,and privacy are all issues of interest to which type of psychologist?

A)social
B)clinical
C)engineering
D)environmental

Question 35

According to Hall,there are four basic zones related to interpersonal distances.Which of the following is NOT one of these zones?

A)intimate
B)territorial
C)social
D)public

Question 36

One of the more "personal" topics in environmental psychology concerns the efforts we make to regulate the space around our bodies with the systematic study of this field called

A)attribution.
B)biological biasing.
C)proxemics.
D)human factors.

Question 37

The norms governing interpersonal distances vary according to all of the following EXCEPT the

A)type of relationship.
B)culture.
C)type of activity.
D)type of territorial marker.

Question 38

A person's invisible "spatial envelope" that surrounding the body and is regarded as private and under one's personal control is referred to as one's

A)spatial role.
B)personal space.
C)ego location.
D)proximal location.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a topic of interest to an environmental psychologist?

A)the design of buildings
B)personal space
C)behavioral motives
D)stressful environments

Question 40

Which of the following is the best definition of proxemics?

A)the subjective feeling of being overstimulated by a loss of privacy
B)social situations that tend to provide immediate rewards for actions that will have undesired effects in the long run
C)the systematic study of the human use of space,particularly in social settings
D)the study of how machines and work environments can be designed to be compatible with our sensory and motor capabilities

Question 41

Regarding social distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Social distance applies to impersonal business and casual social gatherings.
B)Social distance keeps people within "arm's reach" of each other.
C)Social distance involves a range of four to 12 feet from the body.
D)Social distance formalizes conversation between people and eliminates most touching.

Question 42

Regarding public distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Public distance is the distance at which formal interactions,such as lectures,take place.
B)Public distance usually requires that people raise their voices to speak with one another.
C)Public distance consists of a distance of four to 12 feet from the body.
D)With public distance,people tend to look "flat."

Question 43

In Western Europe,which of the following tend to sit the closest together when conversing?

A)French
B)English
C)Dutch
D)All of these tend to have the same spatial norms.

Question 44

Regarding intimate distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Intimate distance extends about 18 inches from the body.
B)Intimate distance is reserved for special people or special circumstances.
C)Intimate distance is the most private space.
D)Intimate distance basically keeps people within "arm's reach" of each other.

Question 45

Formal speeches,lectures,and business meetings are usually conducted at a(n)distance.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)public

Question 46

Space that extends about 18 inches out from the skin is referred as distance.

A)personal
B)social
C)intimate
D)public

Question 47

Helen's child is crying and runs into Helen's arms to be comforted.This interaction took place within the zone known as distance.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)public

Question 48

As we speak,if I move my chair from in front of your desk to the side,I am attempting to move from social distance to a closer distance.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)public
D)familial

Question 49

The distance maintained in comfortable interactions with friends (18 inches to 4 feet)is called distance.

A)social
B)personal
C)intimate
D)public

Question 50

For most American adults,an invisible spatial envelope defining their most intimate space

A)extends four feet from their body.
B)extends an "arm's reach" from their body.
C)is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends.
D)extends about 18 inches out from their body.

Question 51

A range of about four to 12 feet eliminates most touching and formalizes conversations by requiring greater voice projection.This distance zone is called distance.

A)public
B)social
C)territorial
D)personal

Question 52

When people are separated by more than 12 feet,people look "flat," and they must raise their voices to speak to one another.According to Hall,this distance would constitute which of the four basic zones of personal space?

A)intimate
B)personal
C)public
D)social

Question 53

In many Middle Eastern countries,people tend to hold their faces

A)farther apart than North Americans do when conversing.
B)farther apart than the French do when conversing but closer than the English.
C)about two feet apart for most interactions.
D)only inches apart while talking.

Question 54

You enter Donald's board room and are seated across a large,imposing table from him.This wide table helps this CEO maintain which type of distance between he and his clients and will formalize the conversations somewhat since greater voice projection will be required?

A)personal
B)territorial
C)social
D)public

Question 55

Regarding spatial norms and behavior,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)For the most part an individual's spatial behavior tends to be inconsistent.
B)People of different nationalities often have different norms for personal space.
C)Spatial norms apply to close relationships as well as impersonal ones.
D)The misreading of people's spatial behavior can lead to problems in social interaction.

Question 56

The distance usually 12 feet or more at which formal interactions,such as giving a speech,occur is called __________ distance.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)public

Question 57

The range of four to 12 feet in which impersonal business and casual social gatherings take place is known as one's

A)social distance.
B)acquaintance space.
C)public distance.
D)commercial space.

Question 58

Which distance zone extends from about 18 inches to four feet from the body and basically keeps people within "arm's reach" of each other?

A)personal
B)social
C)intimate
D)public

Question 59

Your interaction with your dentist as your teeth are cleaned takes place within a space described as distance.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)public

Question 60

The professor stands at the podium in a small auditorium filled with 200 students.From the students' perspective in their seats,the professor appears "flat" rather than three­dimensional,and she must use a microphone during her lecture.This professor is exhibiting which type of distance from her students?

A)public
B)impersonal
C)social
D)advanced

Question 61

Examples of environmental designs that influence people's behavior include

A)the use of raised flower beds to protect signs since people resist trampling the flowers to get to the sign.
B)the twisting pathways within malls that make people linger longer to look at merchandise.
C)the arrangements of college classrooms that clearly define a speaker-audience relationship.
D)all of these.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT an example of a territorial marker in an office space?

A)photographs
B)office furniture
C)decorations
D)a coffee mug brought from home

Question 63

A plant and coffee cup in an office cubicle are

A)signs that you are friendly.
B)invitations to socialize.
C)territorial markers.
D)parts of an environmental map.

Question 64

A foreign exchange student is asking questions of one of his classmates.As he moves closer to her,she keeps moving back.This situation

A)is due to the two students having different cultural norms for their personal space.
B)may lead to the foreign exchange student feeling rejected.
C)may be misunderstood by the classmate as the exchange student trying to become too familiar.
D)can be interpreted in all of these ways.

Question 65

Regarding territorial behavior,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Territorial behavior can involve temporary ownership of a space,such as a spot on the beach or a seat at the movies.
B)Sports teams show territorial behavior by playing better on their own home territory than on the other team's field.
C)Burglars are more likely to break into houses that have lots of obvious territorial markers.
D)Graffiti is an obvious form of territorial marking.

Question 66

When a home team plays better on their own home football field than they do on another team's football field,they are exhibiting

A)territorial behavior.
B)social gating.
C)behavioral mapping.
D)critical markers.

Question 67

Regarding spatial behavior,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Since spatial behavior is very consistent,you can learn about your relationship to others by observing the distance you comfortably hold between yourselves.
B)In many Middle Eastern countries,people hold their faces only inches apart while talking.
C)When people have different cultural norms for personal space,misunderstanding can occur with one person feeling that the other is being too familiar and the other who is moving closer feeling rejected.
D)In Western Europe,the French sit closer together when conversing than the English do.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT an example of territorial behavior?

A)A person "saves a place" at a theater for a friend.
B)The home team plays better on their own home territory than while they are in another team's territory.
C)Your aunt lives in a "gated community."
D)A family uses a public restroom at a rest stop on the interstate.

Question 69

The use of doorless toilet stalls and tiled walls tends to limit vandalism and graffiti through the use of

A)biodata.
B)environmental design.
C)critical incidents analysis.
D)territorial overload.

Question 70

"Gated communities" have sprung up in many cities because they designate a "defensible space" that discourages intrusions.They are examples of

A)social gating.
B)social traps.
C)proxemic boundaries.
D)territorial markers.

Question 71

Placing signs in raised flower beds protects signs from vandalism because people resist trampling the flowers to get to the sign.This is an example of how architects using psychological research are able to prevent vandalism

A)through the use of biodata.
B)by "hardening" and "de­opportunizing" public settings.
C)by appealing to the sensations and perceptions of the public.
D)by appealing to the "aesthetic nature" within each person.

Question 72

College students who display posters on the walls of their dormitory rooms or apartments are demonstrating

A)the effects of crowding.
B)consumer behavior.
C)the importance of critical incidents.
D)territorial marking.

Question 73

Any action that defines a space as one's own or that protects it from intruders is referred to as

A)proxemic targeting.
B)a territorial behavior.
C)cognitive mapping.
D)a spatial extension.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT an example of territorial behavior?

A)You place a coat on a chair next to your chair in the campus center.
B)You spread out your books and study material on a table in the library.
C)You move the chairs in a classroom into a circle.
D)You spread your towel out on a "prime" part of the beach.

Question 75

In every city more assaults and burglaries take place near the few restaurants or bars where likely offenders tend to hang out,which illustrates

A)that alcohol consumption is a direct cause of aggression.
B)that most offenders are homeless.
C)the biological biasing effect on behavior.
D)the environmental influences on behavior.

Question 76

Which is an example of territorial behavior?

A)You place a coat on a chair you will be using in the campus center.
B)You look for a book at the campus library.
C)You move the chairs in a classroom into a circle.
D)You use a public restroom.

Question 77

When there are fences,lawn furniture,and parked cars around a house,the house is less likely to be burglarized. These objects are examples of

A)social gating.
B)social traps.
C)proxemic boundaries.
D)territorial markers.

Question 78

Many architects now discourage vandalism and graffiti in public places through all of the following methods EXCEPT

A)limiting opportunities for vandalism,such as the use of tiled walls.
B)weakening the lure of likely targets,such as raised flower beds around signs.
C)expanding the amount of biodata in the surrounding areas.
D)"hardening"and "de­opportunizing" physical environments.

Question 79

Mr.and Mrs.Thomas have sat in the middle of the same pew at their church for 20 years.One day they are later than usual entering the church when they spy a new couple seated in their spot.They stand at the end of the pew until the new couple scoots down to the end of the pew.Mr.and Mrs.Thomas are exhibiting

A)an avoidance of situational crowding.
B)space psychology.
C)the density effect.
D)territorial behavior.

Question 80

Objects and other signs used to indicate "ownership" of a space are called

A)critical markers.
B)environmental cues.
C)behavioral maps.
D)territorial markers.