Deck 77: Applied Psychology: the Psychology of Education, Law, and Sports

Question 1

All of the following topics are relevant to psychology of law EXCEPT

A)bail setting.
B)forensic hypnosis.
C)proxemic analysis.
D)conflict resolution.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

To understand how real jurors vote,psychologists use

A)forensic hypnosis.
B)simulated arbitration.
C)diversion programs.
D)mock juries.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Studies suggest that juries

A)place too much confidence in DNA evidence.
B)are less likely to convict a defendant wearing eyeglasses because presumably eye glasses imply intelligence and,hence,the defendant wouldn't do anything as foolish as he or she was accused of.
C)tend to inappropriately incorporate pretrial publicity into their jury deliberations,often without being aware of it.
D)do all of these.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Psychologists use mock juries to understand

A)criminal behavior.
B)the legal dimensions of a trial.
C)how real jurors vote.
D)none of these.

Question 5

The study of the psychological and behavioral dimensions of the legal system is called

A)behavioral forensics.
B)legal dimensions psychology.
C)the psychology of law.
D)parapsychology.

Question 6

Arbitration,mediation,memory,conflict resolution,and sentencing decisions are all topics of interest in the speciality area of

A)parapsychology.
B)the psychology of law.
C)clinical psychology.
D)human factors psychology.

Question 7

Although jury research is perhaps the most direct link between psychology and law,these psychologists also

A)evaluate people for sanity hearings.
B)profile criminals.
C)help select and train police cadets.
D)do all of these.

Question 8

According to the text,studies suggest that jurors' final verdict is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

A)the physical attractiveness of the defendant.
B)exposure to pretrial publicity.
C)the jurors putting too little confidence in DNA evidence presented.
D)whether the defendant wore eyeglasses or not.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a problem observed in jury behavior?

A)the influence of inadmissible evidence
B)forming an opinion late in the trial after all evidence has been presented
C)taking into account the severity of the penalty for the defendant
D)being less likely to find attractive defendants guilty

Question 10

All of the following topics are relevant to psychology of law EXCEPT

A)diversion programs.
B)skill acquisition.
C)polygraph accuracy.
D)expert testimony.

Question 11

Dr.Sanchez is a psychologist who specializes in the criminal personality,forensic hypnosis,and the insanity plea. His area of specialty is

A)social psychology.
B)counseling psychology.
C)the psychology of law.
D)parapsychology.

Question 12

Jake is a psychologist who specializes in helping attorneys select juries and in evaluating eyewitness testimony. Jake's specialty area is

A)clinical psychology.
B)counseling psychology.
C)the psychology of law.
D)parapsychology.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a topic of special interest in the psychology of law?

A)parole board decisions
B)mediation
C)criminal personality
D)judge appointment

Question 14

Morey is taking part in a study in which he will watch videotaped trials staged by actors and will read written evidence and arguments before making his decision.Morey is taking part in a

A)mock jury.
B)forensic analysis.
C)scientific jury selection team.
D)death-qualified jury.

Question 15

According to the text,which is the major area of concern regarding the questionable objectivity of jurors?

A)the inability of jurors to set aside biases,attitudes,and values when reaching a verdict
B)the degree to which females on juries bias male jurors toward the prosecution's side
C)the ability of jurors to reach consensus
D)the tendency of jurors to remain objective throughout a trial

Question 16

"Does the defendant's appearance affect the jury's decision? Do the personality characteristics or attitudes of jurors influence how they vote?" are questions for which speciality area in psychology?

A)behavioral forensics
B)legal dimensions psychology
C)the psychology of law
D)parapsychology

Question 17

Topics of special interest in the psychology of law include

A)conflict resolution.
B)coping strategies.
C)moral decision-making.
D)judge appointment.

Question 18

Topics of special interest in the psychology of law include

A)arbitration.
B)juror selection.
C)police selection.
D)all of these.

Question 19

Regarding mock juries,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Psychologists use mock juries to help understand how real jurors vote.
B)Mock juries may be given written evidence and arguments to read before making a decision.
C)Mock juries may watch videotaped trials staged by actors.
D)Mock juries ask questions of eyewitnesses to prepare them to present to the actual juries.

Question 20

Regarding the research on juries,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Jurors often make a judgment early in the trial.
B)Jurors are skilled at separating their feelings from the facts.
C)Today's jurors place too little confidence in DNA evidence.
D)Verdicts are rarely influenced by pretrial publicity.

Question 21

Since only a limited number of potential jurors can be excused,many attorneys ask psychologists to use social science principles to identify people who will favor or harm their efforts in court.This is known as

A)mock jury arbitration.
B)scientific jury selection.
C)forensic jury analysis.
D)jury mediation.

Question 22

Scientific jury selection is best defined as

A)applying social science principles to the process of jury selection.
B)understanding the scientific and legal dimensions of a trial.
C)understanding how real jurors vote by using mock juries.
D)none of these.

Question 23

Demographic information,community attitude surveys,personality types,and nonverbal behaviors are all sources of information used to

A)predict criminal conduct.
B)predict crimes.
C)predict aggression in penal institutions.
D)select jurors.

Question 24

A juror with authoritarian personality traits would probably be

A)more likely to vote for conviction.
B)more likely to vote for acquittal.
C)less likely to be influenced by what they believe the judge wants.
D)generally more attentive to the court proceedings.

Question 25

Regarding the behavior of jurors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A jury is less likely to convict an attractive defendant or a defendant wearing eyeglasses.
B)Most jurors tend to be swayed more by the expertise of the witness than the evidence she or he presents.
C)Pretrial publicity has not been shown to affect jury deliberations.
D)The more severe the crime and the more clear­cut the evidence,the less a jury's biases affect the verdict.

Question 26

Lamar is the type of juror who will be more likely to vote for conviction because he believes that punishment is effective.Lamar most likely has which type of personality traits?

A)legalistic
B)borderline
C)sociopathic
D)authoritarian

Question 27

Regarding the behavior of jurors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Many jury deliberations are biased by good or bad perceptions of the defendant and the attorneys.
B)When expert witnesses are presented,most jurors weigh the evidence given by these witnesses more highly than their expertise or qualifications.
C)Most jurors find it hard to ignore information that slips out in court,even when instructed to do so by the judge.
D)Many jurors have difficulty suspending their judgment about the guilt or innocence of the defendant until all the evidence is presented.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of jury behavior?

A)placing too much confidence in DNA evidence
B)being more likely to convict attractive defendants
C)being swayed more by the expertise of the witness than by the evidence itself
D)being swayed by what they think the judge wants

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of jury behavior?

A)They place too little confidence in DNA evidence.
B)They tend to be more likely to convict attractive defendants.
C)They tend to be more swayed by the evidence than by the expertise of the witness.
D)They tend to take into account the severity of the punishment a defendant faces.

Question 30

Which of the following sources of information is NOT used in scientific jury selection?

A)collection of demographic information
B)interviews with relatives,neighbors,and coworkers of the potential juror
C)interviews with potential jurors outside the courtroom
D)assessment of nonverbal behavior

Question 31

If both the prosecution and defense use scientific jury selection,

A)the net effect is probably a more balanced jury with only people who are highly biased being removed.
B)jury trials will become gridlocked.
C)people with pretrial biases will be selected for jury duty.
D)only people with conservative,authoritarian attitudes will be selected.

Question 32

Demographic information includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)the prospective juror's age,occupation,and level of education.
B)the prospective juror's religion,political affiliation,and socioeconomic level.
C)interviews with the pool of potential jurors selected for a particular trial.
D)background information that may influence the juror's perceptions of the case.

Question 33

According to jury research,juries are more likely to

A)convict defendants wearing glasses because they look like they have something to hide.
B)form an opinion early in the trial,making it difficult for them to fairly judge evidence that contradicts their opinion.
C)base their decisions on the evidence than on their perceptions of the attorneys or what the judge wants.
D)do all of these.

Question 34

Community surveys are used

A)to find out how local citizens feel about the case since jurors will probably have the same attitudes.
B)to differentiate jurors who can be persuaded by emotion from those most likely to be persuaded by reason.
C)to exclude jurors from the pool of potential jurors so they will not be called for jury duty on particular cases.
D)for none of these reasons.

Question 35

During the early stages of both of his trials,a majority of African Americans thought O.J.Simpson was innocent of the brutal murders of his wife and her friend,while a majority of European Americans thought he was guilty.Emerging evidence and arguments during the year-long trial had little effect on what people believed at the end of the trial with Simpson being acquitted in the criminal trial and found guilty in the civil trial.These two cases illustrate that

A)the outcomes of real trials are very similar to the results seen in fictional TV trials.
B)people do not place much confidence in DNA evidence or in inadmissible evidence.
C)jury selection and its make-up can sometimes decide the outcome of a trial.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 36

Techniques used to conduct scientific jury selection involve

A)collecting demographic information on each juror.
B)forming an opinion of each juror's attitude based on community surveys.
C)taking into account the juror's personality traits.
D)all of these.

Question 37

According to studies,juries usually

A)place very little confidence in DNA evidence.
B)do not take into account the severity of the punishment a defendant faces.
C)are influenced by what they think the judge wants.
D)ignore inadmissible information,such as a former conviction,that slips out in court.

Question 38

Regarding jury selection,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)In most cases,the composition of a jury has very little effect on the verdict of a trial.
B)Before a trial begins,opposing attorneys are allowed to disqualify potential jurors who may be biased.
C)A person who knows anyone connected with the trial can be excluded from the jury.
D)Juries composed of women are more likely to vote for conviction in child sexual assault trials.

Question 39

Ethical problems can occur regarding scientific jury selection

A)when both the prosecution and the defense use scientific jury selection.
B)when jurors are informed of the defendants' mental competence to stand trial.
C)when wealthy defendants have the advantage of psychological jury selection but poorer defendants do not.
D)anytime DNA evidence is introduced.

Question 40

A juror with which type of personality is more likely to vote for conviction because they believe that punishment is effective?

A)authoritarian
B)borderline
C)sociopathic
D)legalistic

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a death-qualified juror?

A)white male
B)low income
C)authoritarian traits
D)conservative

Question 42

The field of psychology that seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct is called psychology.

A)behavioral
B)educational
C)cognitive
D)humanistic

Question 43

Regarding the field of educational psychology,a planned method of instruction is referred to as

A)a teaching strategy.
B)a mnemonic device.
C)mental practice.
D)task analysis.

Question 44

Intellectual development,language learning,test writing,and teaching strategies would all be of interest to which type of psychologist?

A)environmental
B)educational
C)developmental
D)social

Question 45

People selected for which type of jury must favor the death penalty or at least be indifferent to it?

A)authoritarian
B)biased
C)death-qualified
D)death-oriented

Question 46

Which of the following fits the profile of a death-qualified juror?

A)Jermaine,a young black male who goes to college and works part-time at a bakery
B)Carlotta,a middle-aged Hispanic female who works as a secretary
C)Marcia,a 60-year-old white female,who was a homemaker and now lives with her grandson
D)Arnold,a 45-year-old white male who is a very successful businessman

Question 47

Which of the following topics would be of special interest to educational psychologists?

A)moral development
B)exceptional students
C)classroom management
D)all of these

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in teaching a strategy proposed by Ormrod?

A)reinforcement
B)evaluation
C)mental practice
D)stimulus presentation

Question 49

Regarding scientific jury selection,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A psychologist may interview relatives,acquaintances,neighbors,and coworkers of potential jurors.
B)Psychologists watch for authoritarian personality traits in potential jurors,since authoritarian personalities do not believe that punishment is effective and often vote for acquittal.
C)A psychologist typically observes a potential juror's nonverbal behavior to learn from body language which side the person favors.
D)In the United States,murder trials require a special jury,one made up of people who are not opposed to the death penalty.

Question 50

To be more effective in teaching,one should use a planned method of instruction to present material to students. This planned method of instruction is called a

A)learning style.
B)mnemonic device.
C)teaching strategy.
D)task analysis.

Question 51

The term "death­qualified jury" refers to jurors who

A)are against the death penalty.
B)have just voted for the death penalty.
C)have authoritarian personalities.
D)either favor the death penalty or are indifferent to the death penalty.

Question 52

Learner preparation,stimulus presentation,learner response,reinforcement,evaluation,and spaced review are steps in

A)a teaching strategy.
B)a mnemonic device.
C)mental practice.
D)task analysis.

Question 53

Anna is a psychologist,who is concerned with the optimal teaching style for different age groups,different topics,and different individuals.Anna is most likely a(n)psychologist.

A)cognitive
B)educational
C)social learning
D)behavioral

Question 54

Nita is a psychologist,whose specialties involve working with gifted and disabled students,conducting intelligence testing,and applying classroom management strategies.Nita is most likely a(n)psychologist.

A)cognitive
B)educational
C)intellectual
D)behavioral

Question 55

Death-qualified juries

A)are needed in order for the death penalty to have meaning.
B)are needed in cases where death may be imposed as a sentence.
C)are composed of people who are capable of voting for the death penalty if they think it is justified.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 56

Which of the following topics would NOT be of special interest to educational psychologists?

A)moral development
B)proxemics
C)teacher attitudes
D)curriculum development

Question 57

Regarding jurors on a death qualified jury,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)They tend to be made up disproportionately of people with low incomes and low levels of education.
B)They are more likely to read criminal intent into a defendant's actions.
C)They are more likely to favor conviction than other juries.
D)They are more likely to be white males with conservative and authoritarian attitudes.

Question 58

Regarding the field of educational psychology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Effective teachers must understand learning,instruction,classroom dynamics,and testing.
B)A planned method of instruction is called a teaching strategy.
C)Topics of interest for educational psychologists include moral development,teacher attitudes,and aptitude testing.
D)Direct instruction and discovery learning are two types of learning styles.

Question 59

The first step in a teaching strategy that involves gaining the learners' attention and focusing their interest on the topic at hand is referred to as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)learner response.
D)mental association.

Question 60

Before instructing his class on the senses,Carl shows them a short film clip that simulates what a person would see if he or she were riding a roller coaster with all the sights,sounds,and head shifts that accompany this experience.Carl's use of the short film clip to gain his students' attention is part of which step of the teaching strategy?

A)stimulus presentation
B)learner preparation
C)learner response
D)mental association

Question 61

When you take a test,you are involved in which aspect of your professor's teaching strategy?

A)learner response
B)spaced review
C)evaluation
D)learner preparation

Question 62

Teachers should be aware that students learn in different ways,which are referred to as

A)task implementations.
B)learning strategies.
C)learning styles.
D)learning temperaments.

Question 63

Teachers can greatly affect all of the following EXCEPT the student's

A)interest and motivation.
B)academics.
C)proxemics.
D)creativity.

Question 64

One frequently used approach to learning styles is

A)Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
B)Douglas McGregor's multiple leadership type theory.
C)to use the direct instruction analyses.
D)to use the discovery learning styles.

Question 65

Direct instruction and discovery learning are two types of

A)teaching styles.
B)teaching strategies.
C)learning modalities.
D)remediation approaches.

Question 66

When teachers present their lectures of a particular topic,they try to deliberately and clearly communicate the information,using examples and illustrations.This step in the teaching strategy is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)learner response.
D)mental practice.

Question 67

After Brittany finishes her lecture on the Great Lakes,she asks the students to "name the Great Lakes" in unison,using the acronym HOMES.After this,she asks individual students questions about each of the lakes.This step of the teaching strategy is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)learner response.
D)reinforcement.

Question 68

Mitzi is a first year science teacher who is instructing her first class.After introducing the "solar system" as the topic of the day,Mitzi begins to explain to the students various facts and information regarding each planet and its relationship to the earth.According to Ormrod,Mitzi is presently in which step in a classroom teaching strategy?

A)stimulus presentation
B)learner preparation
C)reinforcement
D)mental association

Question 69

Through observation and testing,Dr.Garcia has observed that some of the students in the class are high in language ability and may learn best by hearing or reading,others are high in visual intelligence and may learn best through pictures,and some are high in interpersonal skills and may benefit from working in groups.In evaluating the students' learning styles,Dr.Garcia is using which theory?

A)Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
B)Douglas McGregor's multiple leadership type theory
C)Dollard and Miller's critical situations theory
D)the five-factor model

Question 70

After presenting the topic information,Jarmon asks his class various questions regarding the information presented. This step of the teaching strategy is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)learner response.
D)reinforcement.

Question 71

If Greg learns best through hearing or reading,he is most likely high in which of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A)visual
B)language
C)interpersonal
D)intrapersonal

Question 72

After lecturing,a teacher verbally asks questions and gives feedback to the students regarding their answers in order to strengthen correct answers.This step in the teaching strategy is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)mental association.
D)reinforcement.

Question 73

The important step in teaching that helps strengthen the students' responses to key stimuli so students will do well on the final exam is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)mental association.
D)spaced review.

Question 74

Jason gives his class a unit test covering three Chapter s.This test not only gives the learner feedback on his or her progress,but will allow Jason to determine which concepts he will need to reteach.This step of the teaching strategy is called

A)learner response.
B)spaced review.
C)evaluation.
D)learner preparation.

Question 75

Which of the following psychologists developed a theory of multiple intelligences that has been used as one of the approaches to learning styles?

A)Erik Erikson
B)Jean Piaget
C)Howard Gardner
D)Carol Gilligan

Question 76

Factual information is presented by lecture,demonstration,and rote practice in a teaching style known as

A)open teaching.
B)problem-based learning.
C)direct instruction.
D)discovery learning.

Question 77

If Allie learns best by working in groups,she is most likely high in which of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A)visual
B)language
C)interpersonal
D)intrapersonal

Question 78

If Amanda learns best through pictures and art projects,she is most likely high in which of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A)visual
B)language
C)naturalist
D)intrapersonal

Question 79

In class,Dr.Myers presents factual information through lecture,demonstration,and rote practice,while Dr.Ing creates conditions that encourage her students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves.Dr.Myers and Dr.Ing are using different

A)teaching styles.
B)task analyses.
C)presentation modes.
D)lecture types.

Question 80

Immediately after instructing his students on a new topic,Juan asks them a few questions,encourages them to make responses,and gives them feedback regarding the correctness of these responses.This part of the teaching strategy in which he praises,encourages,and gives his students feedback is known as

A)stimulus presentation.
B)learner preparation.
C)mental association.
D)reinforcement.