Deck 17: Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Question 1

It is possible to meet all nutrient needs with a mechanically altered diet.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A full-liquid diet is sometimes used as a transitional diet between the clear liquid diet and diets that contain solid foods.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Mechanically altered diets are usually ordered for the patient who has _____.​

A) ​an inflamed intestine
B) ​diarrhea
C) ​chewing or swallowing problems
D) ​heartburn
E) ​constipation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which food would be allowed on clear-liquid diet?

A) ​chicken broth
B) ​​hot chocolate
C) ​sherbet
D) ​milkshake
E) ​pulp-containing fruit juices

Question 5

A patient requiring a clear liquid diet for more than two days should _____.​

A) ​remain on a clear liquid diet
B) ​be given added fat
C) ​be supplemented with a commercially prepared low-residue formula
D) ​be progressed to the full liquid diet
E) ​be reevaluated immediately

Question 6

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in elderly persons and frequently follows a stroke.​

Question 7

Dry mouth can result from all of these conditions except _____.​

A) ​medication side effects
B) ​poorly controlled diabetes
C) ​radiation therapy
D) ​dysphagia
E) ​Sjögren's syndrome​

Question 8

Many foods on a full-liquid diet contain lactose.​

Question 9

Xerostomia is a side effect of many medications and can make speaking and swallowing more difficult.

Question 10

In the dietary treatment of gastritis, irritating foods and beverages should be eliminated regardless of whether the patient is experiencing symptoms.​

Question 11

A patient with oropharyngeal dysphagia has difficulty transferring food from the _____ to the _____.​

A) ​esophagus; stomach
B) ​stomach; duodenum.
C) ​pharynx; larynx
D) ​mouth; glottis.
E) ​mouth; esophagus

Question 12

Diets containing foods that are modified in texture or consistency are prescribed to treat disorders or conditions that primarily affect the _____.​

A) ​musculoskelatal system
B) ​upper gastrointestinal tract
C) ​urinary tract
D) ​lower gastrointestinal tract
E) ​reproductive tract

Question 13

Clinical studies indicate that the gastric bypass surgery generally results in greater weight loss than the gastric banding procedure.​

Question 14

Which criterion is not a factor for determining whether a particular food is allowed on a clear-liquid diet?

A) ​its transparency
B) ​the amount of digestion required
C) ​its nutrient density
D) ​the amount of residue left in the colon
E) ​that it is liquid at room temperature

Question 15

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may promote gastritis and peptic ulcer disease by damaging the gastric mucosal lining.​

Question 16

Moist, soft-textured foods that easily form a bolus are included in a _____ diet.

A) ​pureed
B) ​soft
C) ​full liquid
D) ​blenderized
E) ​clear liquid

Question 17

Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for someone with a BMI between 35 and 40 with no weight-related medical problems.​

Question 18

Which food would not be allowed on a full-liquid diet?​

A) ​pudding
B) ​ice cream
C) ​cream of wheat​
D) ​angel food cake
E) ​yogurt

Question 19

Sweets and sugars increase osmolarity in the small intestine and contribute to dumping syndrome.​

Question 20

People with _____ often complain of food "sticking" in the esophagus.​

A) ​esophageal dysphagia
B) ​oropharyngeal dysphagia
C) ​dyspepsia
D) ​gastritis
E) ​Sjögren's syndrome

Question 21

A condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm is called a(n) _____.

A) ​hiatal hernia
B) ​Barrett's esophagus
C) ​gastritis
D) ​gastric ulcer
E) ​GERD

Question 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often develops as a consequence of _____.

A) ​aging
B) ​drugs
C) ​feeding tubes
D) ​pregnancy
E) ​gender

Question 23

What is the primary treatment of ulcers?​

A) ​surgery
B) ​relaxation therapy
C) ​drug therapy
D) ​diet
E) ​lifestyle changes

Question 24

The most effective medications for suppressing gastric acid secretion are _____.​

A) ​antibiotics
B) ​proton-pump inhibitors
C) ​antacids
D) ​NSAIDs
E) ​steroids

Question 25

To alleviate nausea, you would tell a patient to _____.​

A) ​limit highly spiced foods
B) ​drink liquids with meals
C) ​consume hot meals
D) ​eat as quickly as possible
E) ​eat foods with strong odors

Question 26

Up to 15% of cases of peptic ulcer disease are accompanied by _____.

A) ​pain
B) ​dysphagia
C) ​gastrointestinal bleeding
D) ​reflux esophagitis
E) ​pernicious anemia

Question 27

All of these foods are appropriate for a patient suffering from mouth dryness except _____.​

A) ​sauces
B) ​potato chips
C) ​gravies
D) ​sugarless gum
E) ​yogurt

Question 28

One of the most common causes of acute gastritis is _____.​

A) ​food allergies
B) ​viral infections
C) ​repeated use of NSAIDS
D) ​radiation therapy
E) ​repeated use of proton pump inhibitors

Question 29

Dysphagia can be caused by all of these conditions except _____.

A) ​Parkinson's disease
B) ​diabetes
C) ​esophageal cancer
D) ​stroke
E) ​cerebral palsy

Question 30

Repeated bouts of pneumonia may be associated with _____.​

A) ​dysphagia
B) ​irritable bowel syndrome
C) ​peptic ulcers
D) ​diverticular disease
E) ​achalasia

Question 31

Nutrition interventions that ease the symptoms of nausea include _____.​

A) ​eating dry, starchy foods
B) ​drinking warm beverages
C) ​adding fat to foods
D) ​eating raw vegetables
E) ​adding caffeine to diet

Question 32

Dietary advice that may help treat GERD includes _____.​

A) ​avoiding alcohol
B) ​avoiding gas-forming foods​
C) ​eating large servings
D) ​sucking on a peppermint after a meal.
E) ​eating snacks just before bedtime.

Question 33

General discomfort in the upper abdominal area with complaints of stomach pain, gnawing sensations, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and bloating is descriptive of _____.​

A) ​peptic ulcer disease
B) ​dyspepsia
C) ​hiatal hernia
D) ​Sjögren's syndrome
E) ​Barrett's esophagus

Question 34

Patients with reflux esophagitis should be instructed to _____.​

A) ​eat small meals
B) ​drink liquids with meals
C) ​lie down after eating
D) ​consume caffeine-containing foods and beverages
E) ​eat very cold foods to soothe the stomach

Question 35

All of these foods may be indicated for individuals with dysphagia except _____.

A) ​cream of wheat
B) ​scrambled eggs
C) ​brownies with nuts
D) ​pureed chicken
E) ​raw vegetables

Question 36

All of these foods are often associated with dyspepsia except _____.​

A) ​raw foods
B) ​coffee
C) ​spicy foods
D) ​high-fat foods
E) ​chocolate

Question 37

A major factor in the development of both gastritis and peptic ulcer disease is _____.​

A) ​infection with H. pylori
B) ​stress
C) ​overeating
D) ​cigarette smoking
E) ​vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Question 38

Which foods would not be appropriate on a Level 1 diet for dysphagia?​

A) ​pudding
B) ​yogurt with fruit
C) ​baby cereal
D) ​pureed sweet potatoes
E) ​rice

Question 39

To improve a patient's acceptance of pureed foods, you would _____.​

A) ​make them watery and thin
B) ​use brightly colored foods
C) ​avoid the use of spices and seasonings
D) ​avoid pureeing a patient's favorite foods
E) ​shape the pureed food to resemble traditional dishes

Question 40

Hypochlorhydria may result from _____.​

A) ​gastritis
B) ​peptic ulcer disease
C) ​dyspepsia
D) ​bariatric surgery
E) ​intractable vomiting

Question 41

Appropriate foods for a postgastrectomy diet include _____.​

A) ​lean, tender meats
B) ​fruit punch
C) ​milk shakes
D) ​frosted flakes
E) ​caffeinated beverages

Question 42

Dietary adjustments after a gastrectomy are influenced by _____.​

A) ​the size of the remaining stomach
B) ​the resulting slower gastric emptying
C) ​the type of surgical procedure performed
D) ​the patient's food preferences
E) ​which drugs were prescribed post-surgery

Question 43

All of these symptoms are characteristic of dumping syndrome except _____.​

A) ​diarrhea
B) ​lightheadedness
C) ​difficulty breathing
D) ​rapid heartbeat
E) ​hypertension

Question 44

Which food is not typically problematic following bariatric surgery?

A) ​pasta
B) ​grapes
C) ​asparagus
D) ​crackers
E) ​nuts

Question 45

Which food should Ms. Wilson be advised to avoid to prevent possible obstruction of the gastric outlet?​

A) ​bananas
B) ​celery
C) ​fish
D) ​mashed potatoes
E) ​oatmeal

Question 46

To help delay stomach emptying and reduce diarrhea following a gastrectomy, foods high in _____ may be useful.​

A) ​fat
B) ​insoluble fiber
C) ​protein
D) ​soluble fiber
E) ​simple sugars.

Question 47

To avoid dehydration, the patient who has undergone bariatric surgery should _____.​

A) ​sip water and other noncaloric beverages throughout the day
B) ​drink plenty of fluids with meals
C) ​increase intake of foods with high water content
D) ​drink sports drinks
E) ​drink coffee

Question 48

All of these conditions are frequent complications of gastric surgery except _____.​

A) ​bone disease
B) ​weight loss
C) ​protein malabsorption
D) ​iron-deficiency anemia
E) ​dumping syndrome

Question 49

The diet progression following bariatric surgery is _____.

A) ​liquid, pureed, soft, regular
B) ​liquid, mechanical soft, low-fat, regular
C) ​pureed, chopped, regular
D) ​pureed, chopped, soft, regular
E) ​pureed, soft, regular

Question 50

One of the major side effects of antacids is _____.​

A) ​forming gas in the stomach
B) ​abdominal cramps
C) ​edema
D) ​hyperglycemia
E) ​constipation or diarrhea

Question 51

Liquids are restricted following a gastrectomy because they _____.

A) ​can speed up the emptying rate of the stomach
B) ​slow down the emptying rate of the stomach
C) ​add unwanted kcalories
D) ​are likely to cause aspiration
E) ​may cause diarrhea

Question 52

Postgastrectomy diets limit the amounts of _____.​

A) ​fat
B) ​sugar
C) ​protein
D) ​complex carbohydrate
E) ​water

Question 53

The protein recommendation for bariatric surgery patients is _____ g per kg of body weight per day.​

A) ​0.8 to 1.0
B) ​1.0 to 1.5
C) ​1.2 to 1.8
D) ​1.5 to 2.0
E) ​2.0 to 2.5

Question 54

On the day following surgery, Ms. Wilson will be allowed to consume all of these foods except _____.​

A) ​sugar-free iced tea
B) ​low-fat broth
C) ​water
D) ​skim milk
E) ​sugar-free fruit punch

Question 55

Patients who have had gastric bypass surgery require additional supplementation of _____.​

A) ​proteins
B) ​insulin
C) ​sodium and phosphorus
D) ​intrinsic factor
E) ​vitamin B₁₂ and calcium

Question 56

Before undergoing gastric bypass surgery, Ms. Wilson should _____.​

A) ​plan to maintain the same diet after surgery as before
B) ​attempt a variety of nonsurgical weight loss methods
C) ​be assured that the surgery is not associated with complications
D) ​devise a weight management program on her own to begin after surgery
E) ​have a BMI less than 35

Question 57

Following sleeve gastrectomy, the resulting gastric sleeve will hold only about _____ of food.​

A) ​1/3 cup
B) ​½ cup
C) ​1 cup
D) ​1 ½ cups
E) ​2 cups

Question 58

Rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery increases the risk of developing _____.

A) ​gallbladder disease
B) ​hypertension
C) ​type 2 diabetes
D) ​Sjögren's syndrome
E) ​edema

Question 59

Once she is able to tolerate regular foods, which type of foods should Ms. Wilson be encouraged to eat?​

A) ​complex carbohydrates
B) ​high-protein foods
C) ​low-fat foods
D) ​high-fat foods
E) ​sweet foods

Question 60

To minimize or prevent dumping syndrome, you would tell a patient to _____.

A) ​eat sugar-rich meals
B) ​drink a cold beverage with each meal
C) ​avoid fiber-rich foods
D) ​avoid lying down after eating
E) ​limit the amount of fluid consumed with a meal

Question 61

Current research suggests that periodontal disease may increase the risk of developing _____.

A) ​heart disease
B) ​renal failure
C) ​arthritis
D) ​dermatitis
E) ​dementia

Question 62

Which of these conditions is not a risk factor for developing periodontal disease?​

A) ​dental plaque
B) ​smoking
C) ​diabetes
D) ​atherosclerosis
E) ​HIV infection

Question 63

To prevent oral diseases, it is recommended to _____.​

A) ​chew gum with sugar to stimulate saliva production
B) ​put infants to bed with a nursing bottle of juice
C) ​brush teeth after each meal
D) ​consume starchy snacks
E) ​brush teeth twice a day for at least 2 minutes

Question 64

Due to reduced food intake and nutrient malabsorption, Ms. Wilson will likely require supplements of _____.​

A) ​vitamin D, vitamin B₁₂, iron, and calcium
B) ​zinc, magnesium, and iron
C) ​vitamin B₆, folate, and niacin
D) ​calcium, iron, and vitamin D
E) ​sodium, potassium, and iron

Question 65

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
xerostomia

Question 66

In order to achieve and maintain weight loss after surgery, Ms. Wilson should be encouraged to _____.​

A) ​avoid drinking high-calorie beverages
B) ​eat at least one cup of food at each meal
C) ​limit her physical activity
D) ​snack between meals to avoid feelings of hunger
E) ​drink plenty of liquids between meals

Question 67

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
achalasia

Question 68

Dental caries are caused by _____.​

A) ​bacteria that produce acids that attack tooth enamel
B) ​excessive fluoride intake that attacks tooth enamel
C) ​high-fiber foods that cause carbohydrate to stick to teeth
D) ​excessive consumption of sugar that eats into teeth
E) ​over production of alkaline secretions

Question 69

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
gingivitis

Question 70

Which food stimulates saliva flow and does not contribute to acid formation in the mouth?​

A) ​beef
B) ​legumes
C) ​orange juice
D) ​cheese
E) ​sweetened drinks

Question 71

Which factor does not promote tooth decay?​

A) ​the type of carbohydrate consumed
B) ​the frequency of carbohydrate intake
C) ​the stickiness of foods consumed
D) ​the fat content of foods consumed
E) ​saliva production

Question 72

Which food would be most likely to contribute to dental caries?​

A) ​raw carrots
B) ​milk
C) ​dried fruits
D) ​cheese​
E) ​sugarless gum

Question 73

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
hiatal hernia

Question 74

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
oropharyngeal dysphagia

Question 75

The _____ process induced by periodontal pathogens may accelerate the progression of heart disease.​

A) ​aerobic
B) ​anaerobic
C) ​immune-suppressing
D) ​antigen-activation
E) ​inflammatory

Question 76

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
Barrett's esophagus

Question 77

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
stricture

Question 78

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
Sjögren's syndrome

Question 79

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
esophageal dysphagia

Question 80

Matching
a. dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow.
b. an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.
c. an inability to transfer food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus; usually caused by a neurological or muscular disorder.
d. an inability to move food through the esophagus; usually caused by an obstruction or a motility disorder.
e. abnormal narrowing of a passageway due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality.
f. an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
g. a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.
h. inflammation in the esophagus related to the reflux of acidic stomach contents.
i. a condition in which esophageal cells damaged by chronic exposure to stomach acid are replaced by cells that resemble those in the stomach or small intestine, sometimes becoming cancerous.
j. inflammation of the gums; characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
reflux esophagitis