Deck 18: Thermodynamics

Question 1

Internal energy in thermodynamics is the same as

A)temperature.
B)thermal energy.
C)heat.
D)all of the above

Answer 1

thermal energy.

Question 2

Which of these units of temperature is larger?

A)a Celsius degree
B)a Kelvin
C)both are the same size
D)none of the above

Answer 2

both are the same size

Question 3

If a 5°C piece of iron is heated until it has twice as much internal energy, its temperature will be

A)10°C.
B)273°C.
C)278°C.
D)283°C.
E)556°C.

Answer 3

283°C.

Question 4

When mechanical work is done on a system, an increase normally occurs in its

A)internal energy.
B)temperature.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 5

When Philadelphia's temperature is 40°F and Miami's temperature is 80°F,

A)Miami is twice as hot as Philadelphia.
B)Miami is warmer than Philadelphia.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 6

When you compress air with a tire pump, the air temperature in the tire

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unaffected.
D)none of the above

Question 7

When you vigorously shake a can of chicken broth, you

A)are doing work on the broth.
B)increase the temperature of the broth.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 8

An equal amount of 0°C air that is twice as hot has a temperature of

A)0°C.
B)64°C.
C)100°C.
D)273°C.
E)none of the above

Question 9

If a piece of iron and a cup of water at the same temperature are heated so the internal energy of each doubles

A)the water will have the higher temperature.
B)the iron will have the higher temperature.
C)both will have the same temperature.
D)need more information

Question 10

If a 10°C piece of iron is heated until it has twice as much internal energy, its temperature will be

A)20°C.
B)273°C.
C)293°C.
D)566°C.
E)none of the above

Question 11

A definite method for losing weight is

A)exercise.
B)reduce Calorie intake.
C)maintain a low body temperature.
D)none of the above

Question 12

The air pressure in a container of air at 27°C will double when heated to

A)54 degrees C.
B)300 degrees C.
C)327 degrees C.
D)600 degrees C.
E)none of the above

Question 13

A volume of air that is compressed with no heat entering or leaving becomes

A)cooler.
B)remain unchanged.
C)warmer.
D)none of the above

Question 14

The change in internal energy of adding 100 joules to a system that does 60 joules of work is

A)0 J.
B)40 J.
C)60 J.
D)100 J.
E)none of the above

Question 15

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of

A)momentum.
B)energy.
C)electric charge.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 16

Water freezes at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of

A)0 degrees Celsius.
B)32 degrees Fahrenheit.
C)about 273 kelvin.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 17

If a cup of tea at room temperature, 24°C is heated until it has twice the internal energy, unlike a piece of metal, its temperature will be

A)48°C.
B)100°C.
C)321°C.
D)594°C.
E)none of the above

Question 18

When a system does work without adding heat, the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.
D)none of the above

Question 19

The lowest temperature possible in nature is

A)0 degrees C.
B)-273 degrees C.
C)4 K.
D)none of the above

Question 20

When you rapidly stir raw eggs with an eggbeater, the temperature of the eggs

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remain unchanged.
D)none of the above

Question 21

When the air of a fully-inflated party balloon quickly escapes, its temperature

A)drops.
B)rises.
C)remains unchanged.
D)none of the above

Question 22

A given amount of heat energy can be completely converted to mechanical energy in

A)a steam engine.
B)an atomic reactor.
C)a simple machine.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 23

An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of

A)entropy.
B)pressure change.
C)heat exchange.
D)temperature change.
E)none of the above

Question 24

Earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat from the

A)Sun.
B)Earth's core.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 25

Chinook winds tend to

A)warm an environment.
B)cool an environment.
C)cool deserts at night.
D)warm deserts at sunrise.

Question 26

When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process

A)no work is done on the gas.
B)the temperature of the gas does not change.
C)the internal energy of the gas does not change.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 27

The origin of most internal energy in Earth's interior is

A)the Sun.
B)radioactivity.
C)volcanoes.
D)none of the above

Question 28

The amount of energy ultimately converted to heat by an incandescent light bulb is about

A)10%.
B)40%.
C)80%.
D)100%.

Question 29

The contained air in a closed, sealed can placed on a hot stove will undergo an increase in

A)internal energy.
B)temperature.
C)pressure.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 30

During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas

A)the internal energy of the gas remains constant.
B)the temperature of the gas does not change.
C)no heat enters or leaves the gas.
D)no work is done on the gas.
E)none of the above

Question 31

As a parcel of air at high altitude sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)will remain unchanged.

Question 32

When a parcel of air expands against the environment and no heat enters or leaves, its temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 33

The amount of energy converted to light by an incandescent light bulb is about

A)10% and the amount converted to heat about 90%
B)90% and the amount converted to heat about 10%.
C)either of these depending on the brand.

Question 34

Adiabatic processes occur in Earth's

A)atmosphere.
B)oceans.
C)mantle.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 35

As a parcel of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 36

In the formation of a cloud, moist air rises and

A)expands.
B)cools.
C)condenses.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 37

To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is

A)possible.
B)impossible.
C)need more information
D)none of the above

Question 38

Your hand is warmed when you blow on it with your mouth open, but when your lips are puckered so that air expands as you blow, your hand is

A)warmer still.
B)cooler.
C)neither warmer nor cooler.

Question 39

A soda-pop can containing only steam is placed top downward in a pan of water. Whap! The can is dramatically crushed by atmospheric pressure. The reduced pressure inside the can is due to

A)contact with the relatively cooler water.
B)sudden slowing of the air and steam molecules inside.
C)condensation of steam inside.
D)reduced internal energy.
E)rapid conduction of heat to the relatively cool water.

Question 40

A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are

A)warmer than the lower regions of air.
B)cooler than the lower regions of air.
C)at the same temperature as lower regions of air.

Question 41

The main purpose of the condenser in the steam cycle of a steam turbine is to

A)cool the steam.
B)condense the steam.
C)lower pressure on the back side of the turbine blades.
D)maintain high efficiency.
E)change mechanical energy to electricity.

Question 42

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures of 227°C and 27°C is

A)20%.
B)25%.
C)40%.
D)88%.
E)none of the above

Question 43

The greater the temperature difference between input and output reservoirs of a heat engine, the

A)greater the efficiency.
B)smaller the efficiency.
C)both of the above
D)none of the above

Question 44

More efficient gasoline engines could be built if they could withstand

A)greater rotational rates.
B)lower temperatures.
C)higher temperatures.
D)none of the above

Question 45

The most disorderly arrangement of energy within matter is also

A)the least probable state of matter.
B)the most probable state of matter.
C)a matter of certainties, not probabilities.
D)none of the above

Question 46

A quantity of water has more entropy when it is

A)frozen ice.
B)boiling.
C)at room temperature.

Question 47

Entropy is most closely related to the

A)first law of thermodynamics.
B)second law of thermodynamics.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 48

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures 2700 K and 300 K is

A)10%.
B)24%.
C)80%.
D)89%.
E)none of the above

Question 49

High-quality energy in natural processes has a tendency to transform into

A)higher quality energy.
B)lower quality energy.
C)internal energy.
D)entropy.
E)none of the above

Question 50

Every heat engine

A)gains heat from a high-temperature reservoir.
B)converts energy into mechanical work.
C)expels heat to a lower-temperature reservoir.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 51

A heat engine would have 100% efficiency if its low-temperature reservoir were

A)as hot as its reservoir.
B)at absolute zero.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 52

An example of a heat engine is

A)an aircraft turbine.
B)an automobile internal combustion motor.
C)the steam engine of a railroad train.
D)the gasoline motor of a leaf blower.
E)all of the above

Question 53

Entropy measures temperature

A)at constant pressure.
B)at constant volume.
C)as pressure increases.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 54

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 55

Two identical blocks of iron are placed in contact, one at 10°C and the other at 20°C. If the cooler block cools to 5°C and the warmer block warms to 25°C, this would violate the

A)first law of thermodynamics.
B)second law of thermodynamics.
C)third law of thermodynamics.
D)none of the above

Question 56

Systems alone tend to move toward a state of

A)less entropy.
B)more entropy.
C)no entropy.
D)none of the above

Question 57

Systems alone tend to move toward

A)order.
B)disorder.
C)temperature inversions.
D)none of the above

Question 58

If you leave the refrigerator door open in a closed room, the room temperature will

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)be unaffected.

Question 59

Entropy is a measure of

A)messiness.
B)disorder.
C)both of the above
D)none of the above

Question 60

Harry places a new air conditioner in the middle of his hot room, which when operating

A)cools the room.
B)further warms the room.
C)neither of these

Question 61

Processes can proceed from disorder to order

A)when input energy is supplied.
B)on an everyday occurrence.
C)never.
D)none of the above