Deck 7: Education

Question 1

In what way might Margaret Mead's classic ethnographic study,Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization,illustrate the whiteness in education?

A)by describing the people in the study as uniform and homogenous
B)by being taught to white students only
C)by attempting to understand the complexity of lived experience
D)by reflecting on her own position as a white ethnographer

Answer 1

A  

Question 2

In many U.S.classroom settings,students of color are often dubbed the "experts" on race through what practice?

A)allowing students of color to speak for themselves
B)tracking students of color into ethnic studies majors
C)inflating the grades of students of color
D)asking students of color to speak for an entire population

Answer 2

D  

Question 3

In one research experiment,teachers were asked to examine the definitions students attached to words and to evaluate those students' verbal skills.Researchers did not vary the definitions but did vary the race of the students.What did the research find?

A)Teachers' grades did not vary by race.
B)Teachers gave lower grades to white students.
C)Teachers gave lower grades to black students.
D)Teachers gave lower grades to Asian students.

Answer 3

C  

Question 4

In most U.S.public universities,the fact that Muslim students are required to attend classes during Ramadan is an example of what?

A)privileging of certain groups' history,culture,and needs over others'
B)commitment to equity in higher education
C)the separation of church and state
D)growth of an oppositional culture

Question 5

The textbook authors find both Booker T.Washington's and W.E.B.Du Bois's platforms lacking what?

A)the support of white masses
B)means to organize for civil rights
C)adequate policy recommendations
D)motivation for African Americans to work harder

Question 6

Which best describes the relationship between the educational policies applied to African Americans and American Indians during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A)exclusion /assimilation
B)assimilation/ reeducation
C)exclusion/ reeducation
D)inclusion/ exclusion

Question 7

In what years were the percentages of black students in U.S.public schools roughly equal?

A)1900 and 1970
B)1970,1980,and 2000
C)1960 and 1990
D)1990 and 2010

Question 8

While books that are often held up as classics in the U.S.educational system-such as Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn-are widely regarded as being universally applicable,writing by marginalized groups-such as Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings-is often considered:

A)a particular perspective
B)inferior to white writing
C)superior to white writing
D)unbiased and objective

Question 9

What is one way that progressive intellectual movements,such as feminism,are dominated by a white framework?

A)centering women of color's unique experiences
B)attempting to speak for women of color
C)publishing memoirs rather than statistical research
D)committing to electoral politics as a method for social change

Question 10

What was the primary objective of cultural reeducation of American Indians?

A)educate them on the cultural practices of their ancestors
B)expose them to a variety of social norms and values
C)force them to assimilate into Anglo-American society and culture
D)provide them space to explore their own needs and desires

Question 11

Which group is the most likely to drop out of high school?

A)whites
B)Asian Americans
C)Latinos
D)Native Americans

Question 12

Textbook writers describing the penning of the Declaration of Independence without acknowledging the influence of the governance of the Iroquois Nation is one example of what?

A)racial domination
B)segregated education
C)multicultural curricula
D)historic distortion

Question 13

In what way does whiteness impact the field of anthropology?

A)Most anthropologists are white.
B)Only white students are interested in the subject.
C)Marginalized populations are treated as exotic objects of study.
D)Ethnography has been used as a method of governance and social control.

Question 14

In which year was the first American-Indian-controlled school established on the Navajo reservation?

A)1870
B)1920
C)1955
D)1966

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the legal strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP)campaign to end school segregation?

A)challenged that segregated schools were in fact separate
B)challenged that segregated schools were in fact not equal
C)challenged that segregated schools caused employment discrimination for teachers
D)challenged that integrated schools were discriminatory

Question 16

A stark critic of Booker T.Washington's "compromise," W.E.B.Du Bois argued that Washington perpetuated what by not opposing white supremacy?

A)civil rights
B)intellectualism
C)symbolic violence
D)de jure segregation

Question 17

Though often forced to attend boarding schools run by Christian missionaries and later the federal government,American Indian students regularly resisted this "indoctrination into whiteness." Which of the following,as described in Chapter 7,is an example of such resistance?

A)performing important ceremonies in secret
B)organizing a walk-out
C)starting a letter writing campaign
D)using physical violence

Question 18

In 1895,Booker T.Washington gave a speech known as "the Atlanta compromise." In it,he suggested that appropriate race relations were comparable to the relationship between:

A)the fingers and the hand
B)a lifeboat and a battleship
C)children and parents
D)a governor and his or her constituents

Question 19

In An American Dilemma,Gunnar Myrdal argued that segregation was furthered by which group's sense of status competition?

A)Irish Americans
B)poor whites
C)African Americans
D)American Indians

Question 20

Research shows that students of color are about 10 percent more likely to experience what in college classrooms compared to their white peers?

A)harassment and feelings of being unwelcome
B)differential treatment and inflated grades
C)anxiety about future employment
D)harassment but achievement of more positions of leadership

Question 21

Annette Laureau,author of Unequal Childhoods,argues that class differences in parenting are:

A)more about race than class
B)mostly related to differences in material goods
C)mostly about language,attitudes,and behaviors
D)mostly pertain to the geographic environment of the child's upbringing

Question 22

Which of the following suggestions do the textbook authors provide as a potential way to encourage equity in secondary education?

A)provide incentives for highly experienced teachers with the best qualifications to teach in disadvantaged schools
B)provide more funding for Head Start and early intervention programs
C)equalize education funding across all school districts
D)increase the role of standardized testing in determining school funding

Question 23

Consider the figure below,"Effects of Stereotype Threat." What should we understand from this graph?

A)When students are made to feel that their performance must counter stereotypes,they are less likely to perform to the best of their ability.
B)When students are made to feel that their performance will be judged differently by racist teachers,they are less likely to do well.
C)When students are made to feel that their performance must counter stereotypes,they are more likely to perform to the best of their ability.
D)Minority students are more likely to do well on material that is culturally relevant to them.

Question 24

Which features of affirmative action do most Americans overestimate?

A)prevalence and power
B)legality
C)applicability to particular organizational types
D)impact on women

Question 25

Consider the following scenario: "A qualified applicant is rejected from a top university because the spot was reserved for another type of student." What is the most likely reason the seat was reserved for the second applicant?

A)affirmative action
B)legacy admit
C)athletic recruitment
D)STEM recruitment

Question 26

Which of the following has been identified as a potential problem for the efficacy of affirmative action policies?

A)Sociologist William Julius Wilson argues that minority students from the most privileged families reap the lion's share of the benefits afforded by affirmative action.
B)Sociologist Prudence Carter argues that affirmative action policies increase the risk of students' feeling pressured to "act white."
C)Policymakers have argued that higher-education enrollment is not a state concern.
D)Universities have not been encouraged to also use affirmative action policies in faculty hiring.

Question 27

What was the impact of the University of California's ban on race-conscious admissions?

A)The percentage of black first-year students decreased by 10 percent in three years.
B)The percentage of black transfer students increased by 25 percent in two years.
C)The percentage of black first-year students decreased by 50 percent in one year.
D)It became clear that affirmative action had not significantly altered enrollment patterns for applications from black first-year students.

Question 28

Shamus Khan argues that highly privileged students at the nation's most elite private schools benefit most from:

A)the best teachers
B)material resources
C)learning an attitude of cultural ease
D)learning strong work habits by studying Greek and Latin

Question 29

The textbook authors use the example that Latina/o teens are more likely than Anglo teens to "make fun of people who try to do well in school" to illustrate which concept?

A)defiant disorder
B)oppositional culture
C)involuntary minority
D)model minority

Question 30

Child psychologists Hart and Risley examined speech patterns across families of different social class backgrounds.Which of the following best describes their findings?

A)Poor children are more likely to be spoken to in high-pitched voices.
B)Middle-class children are more likely to receive explicit instructions.
C)Middle-class children receive more praise and hear more utterances than poor children.
D)Poor children hear more praise than middle-class children but are less likely to have as many words spoken in their homes.

Question 31

What usually happens to the very small number of qualified white and Asian applicants who are denied admission to a particular university due to affirmative action policies?

A)They are denied admission to most institutions to which they apply.
B)They are admitted to other institutions of equal stature.
C)They are unlikely to attend college.
D)They are more at risk for drug abuse and incarceration.

Question 32

Which of the following is most likely to work as a form of "cultural capital"?

A)ability to distinguish between works of classical music
B)expertise in skateboarding
C)ability to distinguish between subgenres of graphic novels
D)ability to prepare an array of vegan specialty dishes

Question 33

What is one way that racism is embedded in the structure of schools,as described in the textbook?

A)Students are tracked such that whites and Asians have disproportionate access to the most intellectually stimulating classes.
B)White students are more likely than other students to be busy with after-school activities.
C)Schools spend the most money on the wealthiest students.
D)Some parents are more likely to volunteer in the school than others.

Question 34

A group of students argue with their professor that their assigned history text is inadequate because it ignores the influence of slave revolts in achieving emancipation.According to Prudence Carter,how should we understand their behavior?

A)This is an example of how some groups do not value education.
B)The students exhibit behavior consistent with oppositional culture theory.
C)The students are resistant to a curriculum that does not adequately represent their heritage.
D)These students should be considered at risk for dropping out.

Question 35

Approximately ______ percent of first-year students enrolled in America's top universities are white students who failed to satisfy their universities' minimum requirements.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 36

What roadblock strategy was responsible for slowing the pace of desegregation?

A)legislative acts known as "public placement"
B)activism by the League of Latin American Citizens
C)a strike by school bus drivers
D)private,all-black schools

Question 37

Which best summarizes educational current completion rates by race?

A)High school completion rates are down for all racial groups,but college completion rates have increased for all racial groups.
B)College completion rates are down for all racial groups,but high school completion rates have increased for all racial groups.
C)Completion rates for both high school and college have stagnated for all racial groups.
D)Completion rates for both high school and college have increased for all racial groups.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes how colleges and universities do affirmative action?

A)through quota systems
B)by selecting a woman or nonwhite applicant from a pool of equally qualified applicants whose application is slightly weaker than the rest of the pool
C)It is impossible to summarize because each college is able to determine its own affirmative action policy.
D)by selecting a woman or nonwhite applicant from a pool of less-qualified applicants whose application is weaker than the rest of the pool

Question 39

Which institution is most likely to rely on affirmative action admission policies?

A)Harvard University
B)Iowa State University
C)Borough of Manhattan Community College
D)Everest Public High School

Question 40

Familism is a variant of _____________ having to do with one's attachment to,and reliance on,family-based relationships.

A)cultural capital
B)social capital
C)economic capital
D)symbolic capital

Question 41

Some critics of multicultural education argue that it "lowers the bar." The textbook authors explain that not only does intercultural training make better students but that diverse learning environments are also important from participation in the workforce and in a racially diverse democracy.Describe a scenario that illustrates how intercultural education benefits workers and citizens.

Question 42

We often think of social capital as inherently good.The more social capital one has,surely more opportunities will follow.Describe how Alejandro Portes's research on familism complicates this view and the implications of this on increasing diversity in higher education.

Question 43

The Chapter 7 section "Whiteness on College Campuses" focuses on students,curricula,and pedagogy.Where else do you see whiteness as pervasive on campus and what proposal might you make to your administration to counteract it?

Question 44

Scholar Chandra Mohanty challenges other scholars to "decolonize our disciplinary thoughts and pedagogical practices".Given the examples of how whiteness shapes literature,history,and anthropology,offer an example of how to "decolonize" knowledge.

Question 45

Educational completion rates are important for telling us the degree of access different ethnic and racial groups will have in an economy that increasingly requires a college degree.What is one consideration to include when examining completion rates?

Question 46

How did the 1945 Mendez v.Westminster School District case help pave the way for the Brown v.Board of Education decisions?

Question 47

Compare the findings of Annettte Lareau and the psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley.What are the common findings? How would you suggest a local elementary school communicate research-based suggestions to teachers and parents?

Question 48

Prudence Carter and John Ogbu were both concerned with the question of whether black students' academic achievement is negatively impacted by a cultural practice of avoiding "acting white." How does their work differ?

Question 49

What is one way that social capital may be a "double-edged sword" with respect to its impact on high school performance?

Question 50

Explain the concept of a "model minority."