Deck 24: Metals and Metallurgy

Question 1

Which compound in the following reaction is the slag? 2 Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s)+ 6 SiO₂(s)+ 10 C(s) P₄(g)+ 6 CaSiO₃(l)+ 10 CO(s)

A) CaSiO₃
B) CO
C) P₄
D) SiO₂
E) Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Answer 1

CaSiO₃

Question 2

What method is used to obtain pure aluminum metal from Al₂O₃?

A) smelting
B) powder metallurgy
C) Hall process
D) leaching
E) calcination

Answer 2

Hall process

Question 3

Metals make up only ________ percent of the earth's crust.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 25
D) 30
E) 20

Answer 3

25

Question 4

Identify the substances which are homogeneous,naturally occurring,crystalline inorganic solids.

A) slag
B) minerals
C) ores
D) gangue
E) alloy

Question 5

Write a balanced reaction for the smelting of SnO₂ with carbon.

A) SnO₂(s) + CO₂(g) SnCO₃(s)
B) SnO₂(s) + CaCO₃(s) SnC(s) + CaO(s) + O₂(g)
C) SnO₂(s) + 2 C(s) Sn(l) + 2 CO(g)
D) 2 SnO₂(s) + 2 CaC₂(s) 2 SnC₂(s) + 2 CaO(s) + O₂(g)
E) None of the above represents smelting.

Question 6

Identify the element that has the most crystal structures at varying temperatures.

A) nickel
B) copper
C) vanadium
D) cobalt
E) manganese

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE concerning substitutional alloys?

A) The metals involved must have similar radii.
B) One type of metal atom is inserted in between the metal atoms in the initial crystal structure of the other metal.
C) The two metals must be miscible over the entire composition range.
D) Titanium carbide is an example of a substitutional alloy.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 8

Write a balanced equation for the calcination of Al(OH)₃.

A) 2 Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s) + 3 H₂O(g)
B) Al(OH)₃(s) + SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s) + 3 H₂O(g)
C) 2 Al(OH)₃(s) + O₂(g) Al₂O₃(s) + 3 H₂O(g)
D) Al(OH)₃(s) + C(s) Al₂O₃(s) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
E) None of the above represents calcination.

Question 9

Identify the substances which contain a high concentration of a specific mineral.

A) slag
B) minerals
C) ores
D) gangue
E) alloy

Question 10

Which of the following describes slag?

A) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B) an aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C) a low density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D) a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E) None of the above describes slag.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of powder metallurgy?

A) Machining is required after forming the component.
B) There is more waste than with casting the molten metal.
C) Iron powder from mill scrap makes a denser component than iron particles formed through water atomization.
D) It is used to separate gangue from the rest of the metal ore.
E) It does not require the high temperatures that are involved in casting molten metal.

Question 12

In an interstitial alloy,

A) one nonmetal substitutes for another nonmetal in a crystal structure.
B) small, usually nonmetallic atoms fit in between the metallic atoms of a crystal.
C) small metallic atoms fit in between the nonmetallic atoms of a crystal
D) one metal substitutes for another metal in a crystal structure.
E) one metal substitutes for a nonmetal in a crystal structure.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "D" on the figure?

A) The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B) The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
D) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
E) None of the above can be determined from the information given.

Question 14

Which of the following describes gangue?

A) the undesirable product formed during smelting
B) the undesirable portion of a metal-containing ore
C) the volatile product formed during calcination
D) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
E) None of the above describes gangue.

Question 15

In a substitutional alloy,

A) one nonmetal substitutes for another nonmetal in a crystal structure.
B) small, usually nonmetallic atoms fit in between the metallic atoms of a crystal.
C) small metallic atoms fit in between the nonmetallic atoms of a crystal
D) one metal substitutes for another metal in a crystal structure.
E) one metal substitutes for a nonmetal in a crystal structure.

Question 16

________ is a soft-white metal that has been found as a contaminant in crude oil.

A) Vanadium
B) Gold
C) Silver
D) Mercury
E) Copper

Question 17

Why can't chromium and nickel form a miscible solid solution over the entire composition range?

A) The lever rule says that these two metals can't coexist in an alloy.
B) The two metals crystallize into different cubic structures in their pure forms.
C) The tetrahedral holes in the nickel crystal are not large enough to accommodate the chromium.
D) The octahedral holes in the chromium crystal are not large enough to accommodate the nickel.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 18

Which of the following describes flux?

A) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B) an aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C) a low density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D) a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E) None of the above describes flux.

Question 19

Write a balanced equation for the calcination of NiCO₃.

A) NiCO₃(s) + CaO(s) NiO(s) + CaCO₃(s)
B) NiCO₃(s) NiO(s) + CO₂(g)
C) NiCO₃(s) + C(s) NiO(s) + 2 CO(g)
D) NiCO₃(s) + SiO₂(s) NiSiO₃(s) + CO₂(g)
E) None of the above represents calcination.

Question 20

Identify the element with the highest thermal conductivity.

A) copper
B) vanadium
C) silver
D) iron

Question 21

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "B" on the figure?

A) The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B) The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
D) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
E) None of the above can be determined from the information given.

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE concerning interstitial alloys?

A) The metal takes on the properties of the foreign atoms once they are present.
B) Small atoms fit in between the metal atoms in the crystal structure.
C) Brass is an example of an interstitial alloy.
D) The foreign atoms present weaken the metallic structure.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 23

Chromates are strong

A) oxidizers.
B) bases.
C) acids.
D) metals.
E) reducers.

Question 24

Galvanizing is when an object is dipped into a molten bath of

A) magnesium.
B) lithium.
C) zinc.
D) sodium.
E) potassium.

Question 25

An interstitial alloy contains nitrogen in half of the octahedral holes of a closest packed metal,M.What is the formula of this alloy?

A) MN
B) MN₂
C) M₄N
D) M₂N
E) MN₄

Question 26

An interstitial alloy contains hydrogen in half of the tetrahedral holes of a closest packed metal,M.What is the formula of this alloy?

A) MH
B) MH₄
C) MH₂
D) M₂H
E) M₄H

Question 27

Hydrometallurgy is

A) refining of metal ores using oxidation reactions.
B) refining of metal ores using cold.
C) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.
D) forming metal parts using heat and large crystals of metal.
E) forming tiny metal crystals using acid and water spray.

Question 28

Identify the metal that is a noble metal.

A) silver
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) carbon
E) aluminum

Question 29

An interstitial alloy contains carbon in one-fourth of the octahedral holes of a closest packed metal,M.What is the formula of this alloy?

A) M₄C
B) MC₄
C) MC
D) M₂C
E) MC₂

Question 30

Calcination is

A) heating an ore, in the presence of hydrogen or another substance, in order to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.
B) heating an ore, in the presence of helium or another substance, in order to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
C) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
D) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
E) forming metal parts using steam and large crystals of metal.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT generally a property of a metal?

A) poor electrical conductor
B) good thermal conductor
C) low resistivity
D) ductile
E) opaque

Question 32

Chromate,CrO₄^-,has a(n)________ shape.

A) octahedral
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
E) square

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of calcination?

A) 2 PbS(s) + 3 O₂(g) 2 PbO(s) + 2 SO₂(g)
B) PbO₂(s) + 2 C(s) Pb(l) + 2 CO(g)
C) MgCO₃(s) + SiO₂(s) MgSiO₃(l) + CO₂(g)
D) MgCO₃(s) MgO(s) + CO₂(g)
E) MgO(s) + CO(g) Mg(l) + CO₂(g)

Question 34

Roasting is

A) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
B) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
C) selectively dissolving a metal in strong acid to separate it from its ore.
D) heating an ore, in the presence of helium or another substance, in order to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
E) heating an ore, in the presence of oxygen or another substance, in order to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.

Question 35

Pyrometallurgy is the

A) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.
B) refining of metal ores using heat.
C) refining of metal ores using reduction reactions.
D) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
E) forming metal parts using electricity.

Question 36

Identify the ferromagnetic elements.

A) cobalt
B) iron
C) nickel
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of roasting?

A) 2 PbS(s) + 3 O₂(g) 2 PbO(s) + 2 SO₂(g)
B) PbO₂(s) + 2 C(s) Pb(l) + 2 CO(g)
C) MgCO₃(s) + SiO₂(s) MgSiO₃(l) + CO₂(g)
D) MgCO₃(s) MgO(s) + CO₂(g)
E) MgO(s) + CO(g) Mg(l) + CO₂(g)

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of smelting?

A) 2 PbS(s) + 3 O₂(g) 2 PbO(s) + 2 SO₂(g)
B) 4 PbCO₃(s) + O₂(g) 2 Pb₂O₃(s) + 4 CO₂(g)
C) PbCO₃(s) + SiO₂(s) PbSiO₃(l) + CO₂(g)
D) PbCO₃(s) PbO(s) + CO₂(g)
E) ZnO(s) + CO(g) Zn(l) + CO₂(g)

Question 39

Smelting is

A) heating an ore, in the presence of oxygen or another substance, in order to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
B) selectively dissolving a metal in strong acid to separate it from its ore.
C) the process of cooling an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
D) heating an ore, in the presence of oxygen or another substance, in order to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.
E) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.

Question 40

Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?

A) astatine
B) diamond
C) tungsten
D) xenon

Question 41

Powder metallurgy is

A) refining of metal ores using reduction reactions.
B) refining of metal ores using cold.
C) forming metal parts using electricity.
D) refining of metal ores using reactions with basic solutions.
E) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.

Question 42

Leaching is

A) melting an ore and separating it from the lower density gangue.
B) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
C) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
D) heating an ore, in the presence of argon or another substance, in order to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
E) heating an ore, in the presence of argon or another substance, in order to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.

Question 43

Identify the metal used in jet engine parts.

A) titanium
B) copper
C) manganese
D) cobalt
E) aluminum

Question 44

What is the difference between ferromagnetism and paramagnetism?

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of an electrometallurgy process?

A) Al(OH)₃(s) + SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s) + 3 H₂O(g)
B) Zn(OH)₂(s) ZnO(s) + H₂O(g)
C) 2 Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s) + 3 H₂O(g)
D) PbSO₄^∙5H₂O(s) + H₂O(l) → PbS(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) + 5 OH⁻(aq)
E) Al₂O₃^∙nH₂O(s) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 2 Al(OH)₄⁻(aq)

Question 46

Identify the metal used as a coating for steel objects such as nails.

A) gold
B) silver
C) zinc
D) palladium
E) manganese

Question 47

Give the highest oxidation number of chromium.

A) -3
B) +8
C) +5
D) +7
E) +6

Question 48

Electrometallurgy is

A) refining of metal ores using heat.
B) forming metal parts using electricity.
C) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
D) refining of metal ores using oxidation/reduction reactions.
E) refining of metal ores using reactions with basic solutions.

Question 49

Identify the metal most commonly used for wires in the electrical industry.

A) copper
B) silver
C) lead
D) aluminum
E) potassium

Question 50

Why does a "two-phase" structure occur in a substitutional alloy?

Question 51

Identify the normal crystal structure at room temperature for Cr.

A) body-centered cubic
B) trigonal pyramidal
C) octahedral
D) hexagonal
E) hexagonal closest packed

Question 52

Give the highest oxidation number of manganese.

A) +3
B) +4
C) -5
D) +7
E) +8

Question 53

Identify the normal crystal structure at room temperature for Co.

A) face-centered cubic
B) trigonal planar
C) octahedral
D) hexagonal
E) hexagonal closest packed

Question 54

Give the components of bronze.

A) copper and tin
B) lead and aluminum
C) nickel and zinc
D) copper and zinc
E) zinc and gold

Question 55

Give the components of brass.

A) copper and tin
B) lead and tin
C) nickel and gold
D) copper and zinc
E) zinc and lead

Question 56

Match the following.

A)galena
B)malachite
C)rhodochrosite
D)cinnabar
E)rutile
F)carnotite
G)sphalerite
1)Hg
2)Pb
3)V
4)Ti
5)Zn
6)Mn
7)Cu

Question 58

Why is zinc used to coat steel objects?

Question 59

Identify the metal that has the most brightly colored ions.

A) magnesium
B) manganese
C) copper
D) chromium
E) cobalt

Question 60

What is an advantage of hydrometallurgical processes over pyrometallurgical processes?

Question 61

Describe the difference between a substitutional alloy and an interstitial alloy.