Deck 1: Preparing to Meet Your Clients

Question 1

What is defined as a supportive process aimed at guiding a client toward nutritional health and well-being?

A) Goal setting
B) Counseling relationship
C) Nutrition education
D) Nutrition counseling
E) Both nutrition education and counseling

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Your client tells you that eating donuts for breakfast is a habit for him because his wife always buys a dozen donuts and leaves them on the counter by the coffeepot. He typically eats what is left after his wife and kids eat. What advice could you offer your client to help him improve his eating habits?

A) Put the donuts in the pantry or cabinet.
B) Only buy 1/2 dozen donuts and leave them on the counter by the coffeepot.
C) Leave 1 donut out on the counter by the coffeepot.
D) Put a large bowl of fruit on the counter by the coffeepot each morning.
E) Leave a serving of fruit by the coffeepot each morning.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Understanding what people feel from their frame of reference is known as

A) sympathy.
B) congruence.
C) culture.
D) sensitivity.
E) empathy.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

When a nutrition counselor's verbal and nonverbal behavior are consistent, they are said to have

A) congruence.
B) ethical integrity.
C) a solid foundation of knowledge.
D) a sense of humor.
E) both congruence and ethical integrity.

Question 5

Which is true of the relationship between the client and the counselor?

A) The theory or behavior change model used during the counseling session is the guiding force for change.
B) The counselor should allow their personality and culture to lead and influence the counseling session with the client.
C) The effect of the client-counselor relationship is most often cited as the reason for success or failure of a counseling interaction.
D) Successful clients identify their personal interaction with their counselor as the least important part of treatment.
E) The worldview of the counselor is regarded as the most important predictor of a client's success in the counseling session.

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding nutrition knowledge and food behaviors?

A) Disseminating nutrition information alone is effective at changing food behaviors among most individuals.
B) Increasing nutrition knowledge is not a valuable education strategy for most individuals.
C) Individuals who have higher levels of knowledge lose the same amount of weight compared to individuals with lower levels of knowledge.
D) Individuals who have higher levels of knowledge lose less weight compared to individuals with lower levels of knowledge.
E) Individuals who have higher levels of knowledge are more likely to have better quality diets.

Question 7

Veda is a college student and only has a 45-minute break to eat lunch. She often goes to a drive thru to pick up a cheeseburger, medium French fry, and medium soft drink for lunch. What likely influences Veda to go to a drive thru for lunch?

A) Sensory appeal
B) Nutrition knowledge
C) Convenience and time
D) Social influences
E) Media and physical environment

Question 8

What is defined as a combination of educational strategies, accompanied by environmental support, designed to facilitate voluntary adoption of food choices and nutrition-related behaviors conducive to health and well-being?

A) Goal setting
B) Counseling relationship
C) Nutrition education
D) Nutrition counseling
E) Both nutrition education and counseling

Question 9

Sally was referred to nutrition counseling by her doctor after she was recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). How could you begin to establish rapport?

A) Ask how the client would like to be addressed, ask how she is, and partake in small talk.
B) Ask, "What brings you here today?"
C) Set the agenda for the session.
D) Ask, "What brings you here today?" and set the agenda for the session.
E) Ask the client how she would like to be addressed, set the agenda, and tell the client your goals for the session.

Question 10

Tom was referred to nutrition counseling after he was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. During the nutrition counseling session, Tom had his arms crossed, was tapping his foot, and appeared distracted. What was likely the reason for Tom's behavior?

A) Tom was excited to begin nutrition counseling.
B) Tom was disinterested to begin nutrition counseling.
C) Tom was anxious to begin nutrition counseling.
D) Tom was angry to begin nutrition counseling.
E) Tom was depressed to begin nutrition counseling.

Question 11

Your client, Radika, is Hindu and does not eat beef for religious reason. You are a nutrition counselor from Oklahoma, and your family owns a cattle ranch. How can you work toward being culturally sensitive?

A) Ignore the fact that Radika does not eat beef and recommend she include small amounts in her diet.
B) Ask Radika what other protein sources she consumes.
C) Discuss the health benefits of including small amounts of red meat in the diet.
D) Ask if Radika would consider eating beef.
E) Ask Radika specifically why she avoids beef for religious reasons.

Question 12

Jobe is half Italian and was born and raised in Louisiana. Jobe found out his blood pressure was slightly elevated and was referred to the nutrition counselor. What assumptions can the nutrition counselor make about Jobe?

A) Jobe likely eats pizza and pasta because he is half Italian; this type of cuisine is generally high in sodium, which is likely raising his blood pressure.
B) Jobe likely eats Cajun food because he's from Louisiana; this type of cuisine is generally high in sodium, which is likely raising his blood pressure.
C) Jobe likely has a family history of high blood pressure.
D) Jobe may totally, partially, or not at all embrace the standards of the Italian or Louisiana culture he appears to represent.
E) Jobe is ready to make changes to his diet to improve his high blood pressure.

Question 13

What step(s) should a nutrition counselor take to effectively build a relationship with a client?

A) A nutrition counselor should establish rapport, show empathy, and form a trusting relationship.
B) A nutrition counselor should help clients identify specific behaviors to alter, help them goal set, and develop an individualized action plan.
C) A nutrition counselor should be open and honest about what the counselor is willing and not willing to do.
D) A nutrition counselor should design realistic behavior change strategies to facilitate positive action.
E) A nutrition counselor should help clients identify specific behaviors to alter and design realistic behavior change strategies to facilitate positive action.

Question 14

What should you consider when thinking about how sensory appeal affects food behavior?

A) Taste is generally the least important determinant of food choices.
B) Biological taste preferences evolve from childhood based on availability and societal norms.
C) Taste preferences cannot be modified, making dietary behavior change difficult.
D) Illness does not modify food preferences.
E) Generally, young children favor sourer tastes compared to adults.

Question 15

Food behavior in response to stress results from what type of factor?

A) Social influences
B) Media and physical environment
C) Economics
D) Availability and variety
E) Psychological

Question 16

Shahad started packing her lunch instead of eating take-out after her friend started packing her lunch. Shahad modified her food choices at lunch due to

A) health concerns.
B) habit.
C) convenience and time.
D) social influences.
E) media and physical environment.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of how culture and religion can affect food choices?

A) Going out for ice cream to celebrate an academic achievement helps make special experiences festive.
B) All-day eating at weekly family gatherings or daily coffee breaks with sweet rolls are rituals that do much more than satisfy the appetite.
C) Commercials can have powerful influences on the quantity and quality of food consumed.
D) Biological taste preferences evolve from childhood based on availability and societal norms, but research shows that preferences can be altered by experiences and age.
E) Research indicates that consumers who use cues such as time of day as a trigger to eat are more likely to seek healthful food choices.

Question 18

Which is true about clients seeking nutrition counseling?

A) Clients generally have the same goals as the nutrition counselor.
B) Clients generally belong to few cultural groups, likely not complicating the counseling session.
C) Clients come into nutrition counseling with unique personalities, health care problems, and issues related to the counseling process.
D) Most clients come into nutrition counseling ready to make changes, that is, they are in the preparation and action stages.
E) The majority of clients seek to be self-sufficient at the end of nutrition counseling.

Question 19

Monica stopped eating lunch at her favorite fast-food restaurant in an attempt to lower her saturated fat intake. Monica modified her food choices due to

A) health concerns.
B) habit.
C) convenience and time.
D) social influences.
E) media and physical environment.

Question 20

An effective nutrition counselor

A) has a sense of humor and views that align with ableism.
B) is honest, genuine, and does not have congruence.
C) has a sense of gender and cultural awareness.
D) is pessimistic and hopeful.
E) has a solid foundation of knowledge and has undesirable ideologies.

Question 21

Your client comes to a counseling session and complains about gastrointestinal issues. What might be a typical response from a novice counselor who is assuming the role of the expert?

A) I'm sorry to hear this. Have you brought this issue up to your doctor?
B) I'm sorry to hear this. Let's talk about a typical day to determine if your diet may be the cause.
C) How long have you been experiencing this issue? I really want to help you figure this out.
D) I'm sorry to hear this. Is there anything I can do to help you?
E) You're not eating enough fiber. You need to eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Question 22

What constitutes an individual's worldview, and what role does worldview play in the counseling relationship?

Question 23

It is important NOT to make assumptions about what your clients eat. Consider you are working with a client originally from Greece. Which question or statement would be appropriate while obtaining a diet recall?

A) Do you eat olives daily?
B) Do you use a lot of olive oil?
C) Take me through a typical day of eating.
D) Do you like feta cheese?
E) Do you eat gyros for lunch or dinner?

Question 24

Most media messages encourage the consumption of low-calorie foods.

Question 25

Does providing clients with nutrition knowledge create and sustain behavior change? Explain.

Question 26

Discuss two novice counselor issues.

Question 27

The physical environment can negatively affect consumers' food choices.

Question 28

Explain how the media and physical environment can influence food behaviors, and provide an example of how a nutrition counselor could help a client improve their eating habits.

Question 29

Assuming the role of expert or empathizer is common among

A) health care providers.
B) novice counselors.
C) students.
D) clients.
E) both novice counselors and clients.

Question 30

Effective nutrition counselors should have a sense of humor.

Question 31

Why is it important for a nutrition counselor to understand their personality before entering a counseling relationship with a client, and what are some potential issues that could arise as a result of a nutrition counselor's personality?

Question 32

Explain the most important determinant of food choices and provide two specific examples.

Question 33

Explain what congruence is and why it's important for nutrition counselors to have congruence.

Question 34

What is true of novice counselors?

A) Novice counselors typically have concerns about their competency.
B) Novice counselors generally feel confident to handle controversial nutrition issues.
C) Novice counselors rarely give only partial answers and rarely ignore critical questions.
D) Novice counselors are successful at balancing the role of expert and empathizer.
E) Novice counselors often offend clients by giving clear, concise advice.

Question 35

If your client asked you if drinking water before meals could help with weight loss, what would you reply?

A) Some people find drinking water before meals to be helpful in losing weight.
B) Drinking water before meals isn't always helpful for people.
C) Drinking water before a meal can help you temporarily feel full. However, weight loss is complex. Would you like to discuss the other factors that can help with weight loss?
D) Drinking cold water before meals can activate your metabolism, resulting in significantly more calories burned compared to not drinking water before meals. Would you like to discuss ways in which you can increase your water intake before meals?
E) You can try drinking water before meals; it might help.

Question 36

Taste preferences cannot be modified.

Question 37

Explain the difference between nutrition education and nutrition counseling, as well as the relationship between the two services.

Question 38

Nutrition counselors should seek to fulfill their own needs through the counseling relationship.