Deck 6: Promoting Change to Facilitate Self-Management

Question 1

Which of the following behavior change strategies uses prearranged cues to increase a desired response or suppressed a detrimental response?

A) Stimulus control
B) Countering
C) Rewards
D) Contracting
E) Goal setting

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following food management tools have been used effectively in weight loss interventions?

A) Meal replacements
B) Detailed menus and meal plans
C) Food lists for weight management
D) MyPlate
E) DASH food plan

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following behavior change strategies is often used in conjunction with rewards and is a document that details an agreement between a counselor and a client to implement a particular goal?

A) Stimulus control
B) Countering
C) Rewards
D) Contracting
E) Goal setting

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Your client does not want to follow a diet and expressed that she wants to eat more fruits and vegetables. Which of the follow food management tools would you recommend and why?

A) I would recommend food lists for weight management because they offer choices including the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
B) I would recommend MyPlate because it is easy to understand and encourages half the plate to contain fruits and vegetables.
C) I would recommend the DASH food plan because it emphasizes the consumption of fruits and vegetables at each meal.
D) I would recommend goal setting because it is flexible and allows her to focus on increasing her fruit and vegetable intake.
E) I would recommend a meal plan because I could design it to include more fruits and vegetables.

Question 5

When using rewards as a behavior change strategy, which of the following do you need to consider?

A) Rewards should be consistent among clients you are working with.
B) The rewards should be from you (the nutrition counselor).
C) Rewards should be loosely defined.
D) Rewards should be timed to come before the behavior.
E) Rewards should be individualized.

Question 6

Which of the following food management tools emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean protein foods, and physical activity and recommends limiting saturated fat, sodium, and added sugars?

A) Meal replacements
B) Detailed menus and meal plans
C) Food lists for weight management
D) MyPlate
E) DASH food plan

Question 7

Which of the following is a behavior that could result in a response to an antecedent?

A) Going to social gathering
B) Emotion distress
C) Losing a privilege
D) Destructive thought patterns
E) Eating while watching TV

Question 8

Which of the following tracking methods requires training, use of estimates, and nonjudgmental feedback?

A) Journaling
B) Checking off
C) Electronic monitoring
D) Using art
E) Empty bowl

Question 9

Which of the following food management tools does not allow for spontaneous events, may be difficult to design to complement a client's lifestyle, but is clearly defined and useful for someone who expressed the need for structure?

A) Meal replacements
B) Detailed menus and meal plans
C) Food lists for weight management
D) MyPlate
E) DASH food plan

Question 10

Rachel wants to track her food intake, but she doesn't want to journal. She wants a simple method where she can easily see and cross off what foods she ate, but she expressed how she doesn't have a smartphone. Which tracking method would you recommend?

A) Journaling
B) Checking off
C) Electronic monitoring
D) Using art
E) Empty bowl

Question 11

Benjamin is following MyPlate to improve his eating habit. He is unsure how he wants to track his food intake. How would you reply to Benjamin?

A) What about journaling? A lot of my other clients use that method and like it. It is not that hard to do. Is that something you think you want to do?
B) You should use an app on your smartphone. It is really easy and convenient to use. Do you have a smartphone?
C) You can put all of the foods you want to eat in a bowl. What do you think about that?
D) Would you like me to discuss all of the available options? Then we can work together to decide what will work best for you.
E) You don't have to track your intake for right now. Do you think you will remember what you ate by the next time you see me?

Question 12

Which of the following is an antecedent that could impact an individual's eating behaviors?

A) Speed of eating
B) Emotional eating
C) Losing a privilege
D) Destructive thought patterns
E) Eating while watching TV

Question 13

Which of the following behavior change strategies is generally well received and can be used via emails, cards, notes, voice mail, personalized signs, notes, or recorded tapes?

A) Countering
B) Contracting
C) Encouragement
D) Rewards
E) Goal setting

Question 14

Read the following statement from your client: I ate ice cream last night after dinner. I'm so bad! You want to help your client change their patterns of thinking. What could you say?

A) Possibly your thoughts may be hampering your progress to make behavior changes. What is something positive you could say to yourself the next time you eat ice cream?
B) Well, eating ice cream isn't bad. How much did you eat? Maybe next time don't eat so much.
C) You aren't bad. The ice cream is bad. Do you want to set some goals so this doesn't happen again? Do you want to try eating fruit after dinner?
D) Why did you buy the ice cream?
E) Besides bad, how does that make you feel?

Question 15

Which of the follow are true of methods to track food behavior?

A) Often, clients who do not track their food behavior are successful in making and sustaining behavior changes.
B) Evaluating food behavior goals can be done easily even if clients do not choose a self-monitoring method.
C) Various tracking methods are similar in the amount of detail and work required.
D) To successfully track food intake, clients should record what they eat and drink after each meal.
E) The nutrition counselor and client should work together to decide on the best tracking method for the client.

Question 16

During the counseling session, you recommend your client try eating 1 cup of grapes instead of drinking 16 fluid ounces of grape juice in the afternoon. Which of the following behavior change strategies did you use?

A) Stimulus control
B) Countering
C) Rewards
D) Modeling
E) Goal setting

Question 17

Which of the following food management tools is flexible, easy to understand, and rich in nutrients, but may include foods that are not typical of a client's usual intake?

A) Meal replacements
B) Detailed menus and meal plans
C) Food lists for weight management
D) MyPlate
E) DASH food plan

Question 18

Which of the following is the objective of cognitive restructuring?

A) To change behavior patterns by changing learned behaviors.
B) To change behavior patterns by changing destructive thinking patterns.
C) To identify a behavior chain, detect barriers to change, and brainstorm possible options to change learned behaviors.
D) To provide a pathway to performing the new behavior.
E) To change behavior patterns by increasing destructive thinking patterns.

Question 19

Your client saw her husband eating his chicken salad sandwich on whole wheat bread. Now your client is also eating whole wheat bread instead of white bread. Which of the following behavior change strategies influenced your client to make this change?

A) Stimulus control
B) Modeling
C) Countering
D) Problem solving
E) Goal setting

Question 20

Which of the following are components of dysfunctional thinking?

A) Internal dialogue, mental images, and stimuli
B) Internal dialogue and stimuli
C) Beliefs and assumptions, internal dialogue, and mental images
D) Destructive thinking and mental images
E) Internal dialogue, destructive thinking, and destructive behaviors

Question 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using detailed menus and meal plans as a food management tool?

Question 22

What is countering and how can nutrition counselors help clients use this technique to positively change behaviors?

Question 23

Which of the following is a necessary education approaches to use in a nutrition counseling session?

A) Do not repeat information.
B) Include at least five learning objectives per session.
C) Avoid technical jargon.
D) Provide detailed instructions at the end of the session.
E) Avoid telling stories and making comparisons.

Question 24

What should you consider when using effective education language?

A) Start sentences with "you."
B) Start sentences with "I" as in "I would eating more fruits if I were you…"
C) Use statements that invoke fear in your clients.
D) Experiment with neutral language.
E) Most statements should be commands rather than recommendations.

Question 25

Nutrition counselors need to be willing to accept the motivational level of their clients and work with them accordingly.

Question 26

You and your client decide journaling is going to be the best tracking method for your client. Describe the five steps that are essential to discuss with your client before the client is able to journal on their own.

Question 27

Clients can change the way they are thinking with the help of a nutrition counselor.

Question 28

When providing education, nutrition counselors should start most sentences with the word "you."

Question 29

What are the benefits of tracking progress in nutrition counseling and what are some tracking methods?

Question 30

How does modeling promote behavior change to facilitate self-management?

Question 31

If employed correctly, education during nutrition counseling is an important strategy in changing dietary behaviors. Describe at least three factors nutrition counselors should take into consideration to employ nutrition counseling effectively.

Question 32

What is the best food management tool for individuals who do not want to follow a structured eating plan?

Question 33

Which of the following statements use neutral language?

A) You should eat less saturated fat.
B) You need to eat three meals per day.
C) You need to drink more milk.
D) Those who drink more milk have stronger bones.
E) You need to eat more dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. What are your thoughts?

Question 34

It is important not to use technical jargon, such as hypertension and glycosylated hemoglobin, during nutrition education.

Question 35

If a nutrition counselor views eating breakfast as extremely important, but the client does not, this may result in

A) nonadherence.
B) the client eating breakfast.
C) other positive behavior changes.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) the client perceiving low-quality care.

Question 36

In a behavior chain, consequences can be positive reinforces or punishment.

Question 37

Define the acronym ABC and explain what a behavior chain is.

Question 38

What should you consider when providing education in a nutrition counseling session?

A) Goal setting should be used with clients at all motivational stages.
B) Before providing education, elicit the client's questions and concerns.
C) Provide education at the beginning of the counseling session.
D) Include numerous learning objectives in case the client does not return for follow-up.
E) Clients who report numerous barriers to change are actually unmotivated.