Deck 26: Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

Question 1

Which statement best describes the advantages of biotechnology over traditional plant breeding?

A)It is time-consuming.
B)New traits come from related-plant species.
C)It allows for single gene transfers.
D)Both (b)and (c).

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Soybeans have been modified to contain more of which of the following?

A)cholesterol
B)folate
C)monounsaturated fats
D)polyunsaturated fats

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Bacteria have been genetically modified to make compounds used in food processing.What are these compounds?

A)enzymes
B)additives
C)carbohydrates
D)conditioners

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How many bases of DNA are needed to code for a single amino acid?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)20

Question 5

Genetic modification improves crop yields by doing all of the following EXCEPT one.Which one?

A)allowing more seeds to be planted.
B)creating plants that are resistant to herbicides.
C)creating plants that can withstand drought.
D)developing plants that use sunlight more efficiently.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The genes of different species are completely different,which is why the species are different.
B)Humans share only a few genes with extremely similar organisms,but share none with dissimilar organisms.
C)Humans actually share some genes with plants.
D)Most human genes have equivalents in plants.

Question 7

Golden rice has been engineered to combat deficiency of which nutrient?

A)iron
B)iodine
C)protein
D)vitamin A

Question 8

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a similarity between selective plant breeding and genetic modification?

A)both are intended to improve traits.
B)both may result in food that is more nutritious.
C)both are limited to whether two organisms are capable of cross-breeding.
D)both may result in plants that can resist disease.

Question 9

What is a bacterial enzyme with the ability to cut DNA in a specific location?

A)restriction enzyme.
B)plasmid.
C)recombinant enzyme.
D)gene fragment.

Question 10

What are the segments of DNA that determine the characteristics of an organism?

A)bases.
B)RNA.
C)genes.
D)proteins.

Question 11

What is a DNA molecule composed of DNA from two different species?

A)clone.
B)gene.
C)chimera.
D)genome.

Question 12

"A loop of bacterial DNA with the ability to carry genes from one place to another." What is being described?

A)restriction enzyme.
B)plasmid.
C)recombinant enzyme.
D)gene fragment.

Question 13

Altering the DNA of a species changes the biosynthesis of what cellular compound?

A)proteins
B)lipids
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins

Question 14

"A set of techniques used to manipulate DNA for the purpose of changing the characteristics of an organism." What is being described?

A)cloning.
B)genetic engineering.
C)nuclear transfer.
D)gene doping.

Question 15

Genetic modification to provide disease resistance was able to save which Hawaiian crop from the ring spot virus in the 1990s?

A)papaya
B)pineapple
C)coconut
D)macadamia nut

Question 16

How many different bases occur in the DNA molecule?

A)20
B)10
C)6
D)4

Question 17

Which statement about mutations is FALSE?

A)Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA.
B)Harmful mutations are often not passed down.
C)Some beneficial mutations increase the likelihood of survival.
D)All mutations are harmful.

Question 18

Which statement about hybridization is FALSE?

A)Two related plants are cross-pollinated.
B)All the offspring have the desired traits.
C)The offspring have traits from both parents.
D)It is a traditional method for breeding new plant varieties.

Question 19

Which statement about the genetic modification of plants to provide insect resistance is FALSE?

A)Inserting the Bt gene into plants allows them to make their own insecticide.
B)The Bt gene product is toxic to humans and must be handled carefully.
C)Bt plants benefit the environment because the Bt affects only insects feeding on the crop of interest and not the surrounding foliage.
D)The protein from Bt has been used as an insecticide for several decades.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding biotechnology is NOT correct?

A)Biotechnology can improve food safety by engineering foods to reduce or eliminate naturally occurring allergens.
B)For those who have a peanut allergy,biotechnology may lead to allergen-free genetically modified peanuts.
C)An early example of biotechnology is the use,in Canada,of recombinant bovine somatotropin to improve dairy milk production.
D)When a food is genetically altered,the proteins or portions of the proteins to which someone is allergic are eliminated.

Question 21

Biotechnology has been used to improve human health by doing all of the following EXCEPT one.Which one?

A)making interferon to stimulate the immune system.
B)making a protein that dissolves blood clots in heart attack victims.
C)making influenza vaccine.
D)modifying bacteria to make insulin.

Question 22

How is genetic engineering being used to make farming more productive?

Question 23

What have researchers concluded about the risks posed by agricultural products produced by modern biotechnology?

A)They are the same as the risks posed by traditional plant breeding.
B)They are primarily the risks of environmental damage.
C)They are primarily the risks to human health. d All of the above.

Question 24

How is genetic engineering being used to make foods more nutritious?

Question 25

Which statement best describes the regulation of genetically-modified foods in Canada?

A)Health Canada is solely responsible for determining the health and environmental safety of a genetically-modified food.
B)Canadian Food Inspection Agency is solely responsible for determining the health and environmental safety of a genetically-modified food.
C)Health Canada determines the health aspects of genetically modified foods,while the Canadian Food Inspection Agency assesses the environmental impact.
D)The Canadian Food Inspection Agency determines the health aspects of genetically modified foods,while Health Canada assesses the environmental impact.

Question 26

Which of the following statements regarding aquaculture is FALSE?

A)Changes in the practice have included reducing the contact between farmed and wild fish.
B)It is the controlled cultivation and harvest of aquatic plants or animals.
C)There is hope that aquaculture will help reduce the world's dependence on wild stocks of fish.
D)Today,most of the salmon consumed is wild.

Question 27

The EnviroPig was a transgenic animal that was modified to produce an enzyme that promotes the absorption of which of the following?

A)phosphorus.
B)PCB.
C)genetically-modified bacteria.
D)lactase.

Question 28

How can vitamin A deficiency be reduced through genetic engineering of staple foods like rice?

Question 29

What are the similarities and differences between traditional breeding and biotechnology used to develop improved agricultural products?

Question 30

Which statement about the nutrient content of genetically modified foods is TRUE?

A)Genetic modification changes proteins,but no other nutrients in GM foods.
B)Genetic modification consistently results in the loss of important nutrients.
C)Genetic modification only enhances the nutrients in a food.
D)If the nutrient content of the food has been changed,it must be labelled to disclose the change.

Question 31

What is the fastest growing sector of animal production worldwide?

A)Farm-raising
B)Aquaculture
C)Traditional breeding
D)Hybridization

Question 32

Using biotechnology,give some examples of how the quantity and quality of some foods have been enhanced.

Question 33

What is one consumer safety concern related to bioengineered foods?

A)an allergen could be introduced.
B)altered genes could jump into humans.
C)the Bt gene could cause gastrointestinal illness.
D)the plasmid used to transfer genes could cause infection in humans.

Question 34

Which of the following about genetically modified food product labels is FALSE?

A)Labelling increases cost of products at many levels.
B)The Canadian Food Inspection Agency does not require declarations regarding genetic modifications.
C)Food labelling regulations require processors to indicate if they are using plants modified by traditional plant breeding.
D)Labelling decisions are based on whether there are differences between the new food and the traditional food.

Question 35

How are antibiotic resistance genes used in biotechnology?

A)as allergens.
B)as plasmids.
C)as marker genes.
D)as toxins.

Question 36

Which of the following statements regarding biodiversity is FALSE?

A)When there is biodiversity,a harmful event does not eliminate all the plants.
B)Biodiversity is increased when some plants are used to the exclusion of the others.
C)To preserve biodiversity,biotechnology techniques are being applied to establish gene banks and seed banks.
D)Biotechnology may lead farmers to choose only high-yielding crop varieties causing certain varieties to become extinct.

Question 37

What are the steps used in biotechnology to create a genetically modified plant?

Question 38

"Domesticated crops depend on a managed agricultural environment and carry traits that make them unable to compete in the wild." What is being described?

A)A reason why a genetically-modified crops are unlikely to become "superweeds."
B)An explanation of the development of superweeds.
C)An example of a how pest-resistant crops develop.
D)An example of an insect-resistant crop.

Question 39

Which statement about genetically modified foods and allergens is FALSE?

A)Biotechnology companies monitor the allergenic potential of proteins used for plant genetic engineering.
B)Potentially allergenic soybeans were kept from entering the market.
C)The products of new genes could cause people to have an allergic reaction to previously safe foods.
D)Because of the mandatory testing system,individuals with food allergies can automatically assume that new foods are safe.

Question 40

Explain how genetic engineering introduces new traits into plants and compare and contrast traditional breeding methods with those of modern biotechnology.

Question 41

You are a member of an environmental group and have participated in programs to clean up coastal areas,reduce green house gases,and increase recycling.You are now receiving emails from the group agitating against GM foods.Give a fair representation of the environmental risks and how they are managed through government regulation.Explain why this is either adequate protection for the environment or not.

Question 42

Your mother was horrified to learn that the vast majority of processed foods in Canada contain GM ingredients.What can you tell her to allay her fears of a negative health impact from these foods? If she is still concerned,how can you advise her to avoid them?

Question 43

What are the potential health risks of genetically modified (GM)foods?

Question 44

Given the large increment of GM-produced foods in such a brief period,how are governmental agencies and food companies preventing impact on consumer safety and the environment?

Question 45

How could the use of GM foods,as illustrated,result in foods that may cause harm for consumers?