Deck 9: Extension: C - Organization of the Motor System

Question 1

Axons of the _____ motor pathway cross over to the opposite side of the spinal cord at the level of the pyramids of the brainstem.

A) corticobulbar
B) ventral corticospinal
C) lateral corticospinal
D) anterior spinothalamic

Answer 1

lateral corticospinal

Question 2

The lexicon of elementary hand and mouth motor movements is contained in the _____.

A) premotor cortex
B) posterior cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) prefrontal cortex

Answer 2

primary motor cortex

Question 3

"Mirror neurons" got their name because they discharge:

A) only when a monkey sees another monkey or human make a movement.
B) when a monkey makes a movement or sees another monkey or person make that movement.
C) only when a monkey can see itself making a movement.
D) contralateral to the side of the body that makes the movement.

Answer 3

when a monkey makes a movement or sees another monkey or person make that movement.

Question 4

The sequencing of movements is handled by neurons located primarily in the _____.

A) premotor cortex
B) primary motor cortex
C) cerebellum
D) prefrontal cortex

Question 5

An important dopaminergic projection to the basal ganglia comes from neurons in the _____.

A) cerebellum
B) premotor cortex
C) substantia nigra
D) locus coeruleus

Question 6

The flocculus is part of the _____.

A) basal ganglia
B) cerebellum
C) prefrontal lobe
D) thalamus

Question 7

Which three components of motor cortex organization were proposed by Graziano?

A) the part of the body moved, duration of movement, and spatial location
B) the part of the body moved, spatial location to which movement is directed, and function of movement
C) the spatial location to which a movement is directed, duration of movement, and when movement is initiated
D) the function of the movement, when the movement is initiated, and the part of the body moved

Question 8

The degenerative disorder associated with muscular rigidity and difficulty initiating and performing movements is called _____.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Huntington's disease
C) Friedreich's ataxia
D) Tourette's syndrome

Question 9

The technique used by Roland to investigate how the neocortex produces movements was _____.

A) fMRI
B) EEG
C) selective lesions
D) cerebral blood flow

Question 10

Which of these neurons project to muscles?

A) extensor neurons
B) interneurons
C) corticospinal neurons
D) pyramidal neurons
Answer Key

Question 11

In Evarts's experiment, when are neurons in the wrist region of the motor cortex inactive?

A) when the monkey prepares to flex its wrist
B) when the monkey flexes its wrist
C) when the monkey has more weight to move with its wrist
D) when the monkey brings its wrist back to the starting position

Question 12

Damage to neural circuits in the _____ is responsible for the symptoms of Huntington's disease.

A) substantia nigra
B) caudate putamen
C) motor cortex
D) cerebellum

Question 13

Which of the following appears to be a part of the role of the cerebellum?

A) planning movements
B) timing movements
C) stopping movements
D) controlling the force of movements

Question 14

The scientist who used pulses of electrical stimulation in conscious humans and found that stimulation of the precentral gyrus triggered movement was _____.

A) Graziano
B) Penfield
C) Hess
D) Georgopoulos

Question 15

The planning of motor movements seems to be the primary responsibility of neural circuits in the _____.

A) premotor cortex
B) primary motor cortex
C) posterior cortex
D) prefrontal cortex