Deck 3: Extension: A - Nervous System Organization

Question 1

Tract is to nerve as:

A) PNS is to CNS.
B) CNS is to PNS.
C) ANS is to PNS.
D) cranial nerves are to spinal nerves.

Answer 1

CNS is to PNS.

Question 2

The stage at which neurons and glial cells are first differentiated from one another is the _____ stage.

A) stem cell
B) blast cell
C) progenitor cell
D) migrational

Answer 2

blast cell

Question 3

Jackson's strip, area 4, and area pyramidalis are all synonyms for:

A) the cerebellum.
B) the medullary pyramids.
C) the frontal cortex.
D) the precentral gyrus.

Answer 3

the precentral gyrus.

Question 4

Your cerebral cortex is located in your _____.

A) diencephalon
B) telencephalon
C) myelencephalon
D) metencephalon

Question 5

Capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies are characteristic of _____.

A) gray matter
B) white matter
C) tracts
D) ventricles

Question 6

An interneuron is defined as a neuron that:

A) receives input from other neurons and projects in turn to other neurons.
B) receives input from sensory receptors and projects in turn to other neurons.
C) receives input from other neurons and projects in turn to muscles.
D) is found only in the cerebral cortex.

Question 7

The average human brain contains a combination of approximately _____ neurons and glial cells.

A) 50 billion
B) 170 billion
C) 180 million
D) 80 billion

Question 8

Brain tissue characterized by an intermixing of cell bodies and axons is called _____ matter.

A) reticular
B) gray
C) white
D) nucleoid

Question 9

A major role of cerebrospinal fluid is to:

A) transmit electrical signals between the brain and spinal cord.
B) inflate muscles as part of the reflex circuit.
C) remove waste products of neural metabolism.
D) cushion the brain and spinal cord from shock.

Question 10

The brain originates from a single cell termed a _____.

A) blast cell
B) neuron
C) mother cell
D) neural stem cell

Question 11

There are _____ spinal - cord segments.

A) 30 to 31
B) 8
C) 12
D) 24

Question 12

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves make up the _____ nervous system.

A) peripheral
B) central
C) emotional
D) autonomic

Question 13

Two structures that lie in the same cerebral hemisphere are said to be _____ to one another.

A) afferent
B) inferior
C) contralateral
D) ipsilateral

Question 14

An interruption of the blood supply to the brain is called a:

A) stroke.
B) seizure.
C) hematoma.
D) thrombus.

Question 15

Moving from rostral to caudal in the central nervous system means moving from the:

A) spinal cord toward the brain.
B) occipital lobes toward the frontal lobes.
C) brain toward the spinal cord.
D) sensory receptors to the spinal cord.

Question 16

Cells that support and insulate the nervous system are called _____.

A) neuroblasts
B) germinal cells
C) glial cells
D) reticular matter

Question 17

The outermost layer of the brain covering is called the _____.

A) pia mater
B) meningeal layer
C) dura mater
D) arachnoid layer

Question 18

The MOST caudal division of the brain is the _____.

A) prosencephalon
B) diencephalon
C) myelencephalon
D) metencephalon

Question 19

Beginning at the undersurface of the skull, which of the following sequences of layers is correct?

A) cortex, arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater
B) cortex, pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
C) dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, cortex
D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid, cortex

Question 20

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted into the ventricles by the _____.

A) pineal body
B) ependymal cells
C) epithalamus
D) cerebral aqueduct

Question 21

Which of the following is an interhemispheric fiber pathway?

A) anterior commissure
B) cingulum
C) uncinate tract
D) arcuate fasciculus

Question 22

A cleft in the cerebral cortex deep enough to indent the ventricles is called a:

A) meninges.
B) sulcus.
C) fissure.
D) gyrus.

Question 23

The organizational principle of the spinal cord, whereby the dorsal portion is sensory in function while the ventral portion is motor, is known as _____.

A) parallel processing
B) a dermatomal arrangement
C) bilateral symmetry
D) the Bell-Magendie law

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

A) hippocampus
B) septum
C) amygdala
D) putamen

Question 25

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal body are components of the:

A) metencephalon.
B) telencephalon.
C) diencephalon.
D) myelencephalon.

Question 26

The CLARITY technique can be used to determine:

A) causes of disease symptoms found in brains of deceased persons.
B) the colors of different neurons.
C) the thickness of myelin on axons.
D) causes of disease symptoms found in live patients.

Question 27

Sensory and motor fibers that associate sensory and motor activity from one side of the body with the opposite side of the brain are called:

A) ipsilateral connections.
B) ventral spinal nerves.
C) decussations.
D) thalamocortical projections.
Answer Key

Question 28

Damage to the dorsal root fibers of the spinal cord would result in impaired:

A) sensation.
B) movement.
C) sensation and movement.
D) cognition.

Question 29

A cortical region with a relatively thick layer IV would MOST likely be associated with:

A) motor processing.
B) sensory processing.
C) emotional processing.
D) the frontal cortex.

Question 30

Components of the basal ganglia have functions related to:

A) somatosensation.
B) maintaining cortical arousal.
C) regulation of hormonal balance.
D) movement and habit learning.

Question 31

Maps of the cortex based on the appearance of different cell types are termed _____ maps.

A) projection
B) cytoarchitectonic
C) functional
D) anatomical