Deck 16: Extension: A - The Frontal Lobes

Question 1

A subject who, after sustaining a closed - head injury, has difficulty remembering significant personal details and feeling emotional connections to formerly close friends is suffering from a problem with:

A) subjective awareness.
B) implicit memory.
C) impulse control.
D) autonoetic awareness.

Answer 1

autonoetic awareness.

Question 2

Broca's area MOST closely corresponds to Brodmann area:

A) 47.
B) 44.
C) 16.
D) 9.

Answer 2

44.

Question 3

There are significant differences in the nature of cognitive deficits exhibited between patients with frontal lesions versus those with posterior damage, such that those with frontal damage have difficulty with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) divergent thinking.
B) verbal output.
C) rule following.
D) convergent thinking.

Answer 3

convergent thinking.

Question 4

The tendency of patients with frontal lesions to engage in inappropriate behaviors may be attributed to difficulties in guiding behavior using:

A) working memory.
B) social context.
C) visual perception.
D) somatosensory maps.

Question 5

The percentage of subjects showing defective performance is higher for subjects with right frontal damage than for subjects with left frontal damage, for all but one of the following tests. Which is the test that does NOT belong?

A) block construction
B) verbal fluency
C) design copying
D) proverbs

Question 6

Which of the following regions of the frontal cortex is characterized by the presence of multimodal neurons?

A) area 46
B) area 4
C) area 11
D) area 10

Question 7

The sensory system MOST affected by an orbital lesion appears to be that of:

A) vision.
B) touch.
C) olfaction.
D) hearing.

Question 8

Regions of the orbitofrontal cortex that are active in response to unpleasant environmental stimuli are MOST strongly connected to the:

A) amygdala and thalamus.
B) amygdala and hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus and thalamus.
D) hippocampus and insula.

Question 9

The broad ability to implement appropriate behavioral strategies in response to internal and external cues is known as:

A) supervisory function.
B) working memory.
C) executive function.
D) reasoning ability.

Question 10

The prefrontal cortex is defined as that region which receives projections from the:

A) ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
B) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
C) dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus.
D) occipitoparietal association cortex.

Question 11

For which of the following are you MOST likely to engage your prefrontal cortex?

A) auditory processing of words
B) successfully hitting a pitched fastball
C) plotting a chess move
D) moving a chess pawn forward

Question 12

Which of the following is a subdivision of the prefrontal cortex?

A) frontal eye fields
B) the supplementary motor cortex
C) Broca's area
D) the orbitofrontal cortex

Question 13

Teuber has proposed that the reason the world does not appear to move when we voluntarily move our eyes is because of a(n) _____ that is produced along with the signal that actually produces the eye movement.

A) intentional saccade
B) inhibitory impulse
C) involuntary nystagmus
D) corollary discharge

Question 14

Frontal injury severely disrupts:

A) involuntary movement.
B) learning new information.
C) copying facial movements.
D) involuntary eye gaze.

Question 15

Impairments in the ability to understand proverbs are MOST pronounced in subjects with:

A) right unilateral prefrontal cortex lesions.
B) bilateral lesions of the medial temporal cortex.
C) bilateral lesions of the prefrontal cortex.
D) left unilateral prefrontal cortex lesions.

Question 16

With which region of the frontal cortex are the anterior temporal lobes MOST closely connected?

A) the orbitofrontal
B) frontal eye fields
C) the primary motor cortex
D) the supplementary motor area

Question 17

A subject who is asked to learn an arbitrary stimulus - response association would exhibit relatively more activity in the _____ than in the _____.

A) premotor cortex; supplementary motor cortex
B) supplementary motor cortex; premotor cortex
C) prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex
D) frontal eye fields; premotor cortex

Question 18

Impaired olfactory discrimination is typically found with damage to the _____ area of the frontal lobes.

A) dorsolateral
B) prefrontal
C) premotor
D) orbital

Question 19

The area that has been proposed as crucial for the programming of movement sequences is the:

A) premotor cortex.
B) orbital cortex.
C) primary motor cortex.
D) red nucleus.

Question 20

Which of the following activities BEST exemplifies temporal memory?

A) recognizing your best friend from high school after having been away at college for a year
B) recalling which of your assignments you most recently worked on
C) riding a bicycle for the first time since last summer
D) All of these activities best exemplify temporal memory.

Question 21

The principal location of frontal - lobe damage that results in perseveration on the Wisconsin card - sorting test appears to be:

A) area 11.
B) area 9.
C) area 47.
D) the frontal eye fields.

Question 22

Tests measuring finger - tapping speed and grip strength BEST measure the function of the:

A) superior frontal gyrus.
B) premotor gyrus.
C) postcentral gyrus.
D) precentral gyrus.

Question 23

According to a study by Hsu and colleagues, decision - making tasks that are high in ambiguity activate the:

A) orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
C) superior temporal sulcus and hypothalamus.
D) orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Question 24

Following damage to the left supplementary speech area and medial frontal cortex, subjects would have great problems:

A) producing grammatically correct speech.
B) speaking with normal prosody.
C) speaking spontaneously.
D) speaking when prompted.

Question 25

Patients with damage to the prefrontal cortex are likely to:

A) be distracted by external cues.
B) have impaired declarative memory.
C) have difficulty sequencing finger movements.
D) depend on internal cues to guide behavior.

Question 26

If you wished to evaluate your patient for response inhibition, which of the following tests would be MOST useful?

A) the Token test
B) the Thurstone Word-Fluency Test
C) the standard IQ test
D) the Stroop test

Question 27

Abnormalities in the dopamine - containing projection from the brain stem to the frontal cortex are believed by many scientists to be involved in:

A) epilepsy.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) schizophrenia.
Answer Key

Question 28

On the basis of electrophysiological studies of monkeys, the ability of humans to judge which of two objects was seen most recently would be expected to be associated with selective activation of:

A) frontal eye fields.
B) the orbitofrontal cortex.
C) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
D) No such conclusions can be drawn from these monkey studies.

Question 29

A subject's inability to produce more than a few minor variations on an initial design, after being asked to make as many novel designs as possible, would lead you to suspect:

A) left frontal-lobe damage.
B) right frontal-lobe damage.
C) left parietal-lobe damage.
D) right parietal-lobe damage.

Question 30

Dominant (alpha) male monkeys subjected to prefrontal cortical damage _____ when returned to their social group.

A) maintained their previously dominant role
B) were unable to maintain their previously dominant role
C) engaged in more coalition-building behavior than usual
D) engaged in more frequent sexual behavior than usual

Question 31

In experiments with nonhuman primates, damage to the _____ has been found to produce a deficit in spatial working memory.

A) principal sulcus
B) orbital cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) superior temporal sulcus

Question 32

Difficulty in solving the "tower of London" task after frontal - lobe damage suggests impairment in:

A) fine motor movements.
B) response inhibition.
C) planning.
D) peripheral vision.

Question 33

Poor temporal memory is a common symptom of damage to the:

A) supplementary motor cortex.
B) ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) orbitofrontal cortex.
D) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.