Deck 12: Extension: A - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Question 1

According to studies by Goldstein and colleagues, sex - dependent differences in human brain structures are greatest in regions in which the results of studies of nonhumans show:

A) developmental similarities in gonadal hormone-receptor expression.
B) a role in theory of mind.
C) a high ratio of gray matter to white matter.
D) developmental differences in gonadal hormone-receptor distribution.

Answer 1

developmental differences in gonadal hormone-receptor distribution.

Question 2

MRI signal intensity distribution in the cortex of males is _____ than that of females.

A) less uniform
B) more uniform
C) less intense
D) more intense

Answer 2

more uniform

Question 3

Using writing as the criterion, approximately _____ % of the population appears to be left - handed.

A) 6
B) 16
C) 2
D) 10

Answer 3

10

Question 4

Which of the following is true for right - handed persons?

A) The corpus callosum is larger in the cross-sectional area.
B) They have less asymmetry.
C) They have more pyramidal tract fibers descending to the right side of the body.
D) They have larger blood volume in left hemisphere.

Question 5

One theory on the origin of handedness suggests that _____ inhibits the development of the _____ hemisphere in males.

A) fetal testosterone; left
B) early experience; left
C) fetal testosterone; right
D) early brain damage; right

Question 6

A sex difference in aggressive social play observed in boys and girls has been associated with _____.

A) high levels of in utero anti-androgenic progestins
B) low levels of in utero anti-androgenic progestins
C) high levels of in utero testosterone
D) low levels of in utero testosterone

Question 7

Explanations of handedness that emphasize usefulness or conditioning fall into the category of:

A) evolutionary theories.
B) developmental theories.
C) hormonal theories.
D) environmental theories.

Question 8

Sarah would be expected to have a higher score than Steve on which of the following neuropsychological tests?

A) Chicago Word Fluency
B) Rey Complex Figure
C) Draw-a-Bicycle
D) Rotor Pursuit

Question 9

According to Ratcliffe and colleagues, anatomical asymmetries show a stronger correlation with _____ than with _____.

A) language; handedness
B) handedness; language
C) cognitive mode; handedness
D) language; cognitive mode

Question 10

On the average, women demonstrate a level of verbal fluency that is:

A) equivalent to that of men.
B) worse than that of men.
C) better than that of men.
D) slower to develop than that of men.

Question 11

Interhemispheric differences in the angle of the lateral (Sylvian) fissure are greatest in individuals who:

A) have bilateral language localization.
B) have left-hemisphere language localization.
C) are left-handed.
D) are right-handed.

Question 12

Compared with females, males:

A) have more cortical gyri.
B) have greater cerebral blood flow rates.
C) are better at most verbal skills
D) have more neurons.

Question 13

Imaging studies have shown that monozygotic (identical) twins show the greatest degree of anatomical similarity in the:

A) right-hemisphere language areas.
B) left-hemisphere language areas.
C) right-hemisphere visual areas.
D) left-hemisphere visual areas.

Question 14

Verbal fluency has been reported by Rahman and colleagues to be greatest in:

A) heterosexual women.
B) heterosexual men.
C) homosexual women.
D) homosexual men.

Question 15

Adjusted for body weight, male brains have_____ than female brains.

A) more cortical gyri
B) larger language areas
C) smaller cerebral ventricle
D) more neurons

Question 16

Although males are better at _____, females are better at _____.

A) spatial memory; spatial navigation
B) spatial navigation; spatial memory
C) verbal memory; spatial memory
D) spatial navigation; throwing and catching

Question 17

The horizontal component of the Sylvian fissure is _____ in _____.

A) smaller; males
B) the same size; males and females
C) larger; females
D) larger; males

Question 18

According to the study by Inglis and Lawson, right - hemisphere lesions:

A) impair verbal IQ in men more than in women.
B) impair performance IQ more in men than in women.
C) impair performance IQ more in women than in men.
D) produce the same pattern of impairments on verbal and performance IQ in men and in women.

Question 19

Annett's genetic theory of handedness proposes _____ among individuals homozygous for the recessive form of the rs gene.

A) a left hemisphere bias
B) a right hemisphere bias
C) no bias for either hemisphere
D) ambidexterity

Question 20

Females show greater sensitivity to sensory stimuli, with the exception of:

A) smell.
B) taste.
C) vision.
D) pain.

Question 21

Older men and women may benefit cognitively from the administration of:

A) glutamate receptor antagonists.
B) gonadal hormones.
C) stress hormones.
D) placebos

Question 22

In humans, there are _____ pairs of chromosomes in body cells.

A) 22
B) 46
C) 23
D) 24

Question 23

According to Juraska, gender - specific experience-dependent cortical plasticity in adulthood is differentially affected by:

A) perinatal exposure to gonadal hormones.
B) perinatal exposure to stress hormones.
C) early brain damage.
D) hormone replacement therapy.

Question 24

Map reading abilities in men would be expected to be best in the _____ when testosterone levels are _____.

A) evening; high
B) morning; high
C) evening; low
D) morning; low

Question 25

Kimura has reported that apraxia is primarily associated with _____.

A) left frontal damage in women and left posterior damage in men
B) left frontal damage in men and left posterior damage in women
C) left frontal damage in both men and women (equally)
D) left posterior damage in both men and women (equally)

Question 26

According to Waber, relative to late - maturing adolescents, early - maturing adolescents perform better on:

A) tests of verbal abilities than on tests of spatial abilities.
B) tests of spatial abilities than on tests of verbal abilities.
C) the Rey complex figure test.
D) all tests administered.

Question 27

If Sugishita is correct, left - hemisphere injury affects:

A) kanji more than kana.
B) kana more than kanji.
C) both types of letters equally.
D) the system learned earliest in life.

Question 28

In female rats, high levels of estrogen are associated with decreased:

A) sensory abilities.
B) spatial ability
C) motor capabilities.
D) hippocampal spine density.

Question 29

In the case of Genie, the severely deprived child, it appears that her brain organization MOST closely resembled that of someone who had suffered a:

A) right hemispherectomy in childhood.
B) left hemispherectomy in childhood.
C) left hemispherectomy in adulthood.
D) frontal lobotomy in childhood.

Question 30

Experience - dependent changes in gene regulation are said to be:

A) teratogenic.
B) epigenetic.
C) unlikely.
D) psychogenic.

Question 31

Anatomical asymmetries, including those of the brain:

A) are present before birth.
B) emerge at puberty.
C) emerge in adulthood.
D) decrease during development.
Answer Key