Deck 12: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing Words

Question 1

Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.

A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) Gestalt therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Answer 1

psychoanalysis

Question 2

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A) Reflection
B) Empathy
C) Dream analysis
D) Unconditional positive regard

Answer 2

Dream analysis

Question 3

Emily is a psychologist who believes that many psychological difficulties are a result of a conflict between the id, ego, and superego. Emily most likely endorses which type of therapy?

A) cognitive-behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalysis
D) client-centered

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called__________________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 5

Psychodynamic and client-centered therapies are very different therapeutic approaches. Which of the following is a major difference between the two therapies?

A) Psychodynamic focuses on impulses while client-centered focuses on potential for growth.
B) Psychodynamic is based on Rogersʹs work while client-centered is based on Freud's work.
C) Psychodynamic uses empathy while client-centered uses interpretation.
D) Psychodynamic is short-term therapy while client-centered is long-term therapy.

Question 6

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using ______.

A) counterconditioning
B) pole-shifting
C) free association
D) the empty chair technique

Question 7

Which type of therapy tries to remove distressing symptoms by leading people to understand the symptoms' causes through deeply felt personal insights?

A) insight-oriented
B) pharmacology
C) cognitive-behavior
D) cognitive

Question 8

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ______________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 9

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ______.

A) feedback from their biologically controlled responses
B) help in understanding perceptual processes
C) basic training in observational learning and practice
D) clearer understanding of causes of their own symptoms

Question 10

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A) uncover repressed material
B) facilitate positive transference
C) create resistance within the client
D) facilitate unconditional positive regard

Question 11

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ______.

A) dream interpretation
B) positive transference
C) regression
D) free association

Question 12

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Dan at some point experiences reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to forget to do what his therapist had suggested to him. Dan is experiencing ________.

A) resistance
B) a Freudian slip
C) a Freudian trip
D) interpretation

Question 13

According to psychodynamic theory, whose interpretations of the patient's words and behaviors are considered to be more valid?

A) the patient's
B) the therapist's
C) the parent's
D) the spouse's

Question 14

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A) cognition
B) empathy
C) dream analysis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 15

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference. This is an example of ______ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavior
C) person-centered
D) rational-emotive

Question 16

According to Freud, what is another name for the "royal road to the unconscious?"

A) the id
B) dreams
C) free association
D) psychoanalysis

Question 17

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Rogers
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 18

Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) rational-emotive
C) person-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 19

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. This therapist is most likely to be a/an ____________.

A) action therapist
B) insight therapist
C) biomedical therapist
D) relationship therapist

Question 20

________ is a type of insight-oriented therapy.

A) Cognitive-behavioral treatment
B) Cognitive counseling
C) Transference
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 21

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 22

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called __________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 23

Client-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A) insight
B) behavior
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 24

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?

A) reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns
B) unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C) mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
D) unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

Question 25

Edward starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking. He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him like his mother used to. Edward has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother. Edward is experiencing ________.

A) transference
B) countertransference
C) catharsis
D) resistance

Question 26

During free association, a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain Sections. What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 27

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her therapist, she begins to feel good about him as well as accepted by him. She develops a sense of trust, particularly because he does not criticize her. What process is occurring?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) insight
C) rationalization
D) transference

Question 28

The client-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 29

According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people think they should be.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 30

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's client-centered therapy?

A) cognition
B) resistance
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 31

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating______________.

A) reflection
B) genuineness
C) unconditional positive regard
D) nondirective countertransference

Question 32

What is the primary goal of the therapist in client-centered therapy?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 33

________, according to Rogers, is a mismatch between your real self and ideal self.

A) Therapy
B) Interpretation
C) Empathy
D) Incongruence

Question 34

Which of the following is a condition of client-centered therapy?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) catharsis
C) dream interpretation
D) resistance

Question 35

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A) the unconscious
B) personal growth
C) errant thought processes
D) the empty-chair technique

Question 36

Sylvia, who is undergoing client-centered therapy, has been told that she experiences an incongruence between her ________self and her _______self.

A) conscious; unconscious
B) possible; future
C) working; current
D) real; ideal

Question 37

________ is credited with developing client-centered therapy.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Albert Ellis
D) Aaron Beck

Question 38

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Question 39

According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 40

Which type of therapy emphasizes people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathic therapist?

A) psychoanalytic
B) client-centered
C) cognitive-behavior
D) cognitive

Question 41

Exposure rests on the learning principle of ________.

A) punishment
B) extinction
C) spontaneous recovery
D) habituation

Question 42

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?

A) systematic desensitization
B) contingency contract
C) token economy
D) reinforcement

Question 43

A behavior therapist is interested in the ABCs of behavior, meaning ________.

A) attributions, beliefs, and control
B) attitudes, the behavior itself, and consequences
C) antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences
D) antecedents, beliefs, and consequences

Question 44

Which behavior therapy technique is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?

A) interpretation
B) free association
C) dream analysis
D) exposure

Question 45

Mary, who has a great fear of flying, has been instructed by her behavior therapist to take a brief ride in an actual airplane. If Mary follows her therapist's instructions, then she'll be engaged in ________.

A) imaginal exposure
B) aversive exposure
C) in vivo exposure
D) virtual reality exposure

Question 46

Dinah, a therapist, works with her clients to help them change their problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new, more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones. Dinah uses what type of therapy?

A) behavior therapy
B) cognitive-behavior therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) client-centered therapy

Question 47

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

A) Joe has been depressed for two years.
B) Ken is sexually attracted to young children.
C) As a result of schizophrenia, David does not interact with members of his family.
D) A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

Question 48

Which type of therapy is based on well-researched learning principles and focuses on changing observable, measurable behaviors?

A) behavior
B) cognitive-behavior
C) psychoanalysis
D) client-centered

Question 49

Due to new computer technology that involves having the client wear a headset that can project realistic anxiety-provoking images, therapists can now conduct ________ through virtual reality exposure in their offices.

A) free association
B) transference
C) exposure therapy
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 50

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ______ therapies.

A) traditional psychodynamic
B) behavior
C) short-term psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Question 51

One benefit of behavior therapy is that it ________.

A) was developed based on well-researched principles of the conscious and unconscious
B) emphasizes unconditional positive regard
C) focuses on observable behaviors
D) eliminates the need to conduct research

Question 52

The technique of ________ involves controlling the exposure to a stimulus that elicits a conditioned response.

A) habituation
B) exposure
C) stimulus control
D) behavior modification

Question 53

Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical, irrational cognitions and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational, logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) person-centered
C) psychoanalytic
D) Gestalt

Question 54

Which of the following disorders can be treated with the technique of exposure with response prevention?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) agoraphobia
D) a specific phobia

Question 55

In behavior therapy, distressing symptoms are seen as ________.

A) the result of learning
B) the result of your unconscious impulses
C) a chemical imbalance
D) an indicator of neurophysiological abnormalities

Question 56

Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapy?

A) Clients do not need to be verbal.
B) There is not enough empirical research to support its basic ideas.
C) It cannot be used in a variety of contexts.
D) The therapist runs the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 57

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

A) extinction
B) punishment
C) token economy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 58

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

A) to help clients uncover unconscious conflicts and sexual urges
B) to help clients develop a closer match between real and ideal selves
C) to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts
D) to help clients complete unfinished business and become whole

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true regarding insight-oriented therapy?

A) There is little research that indicates that insight-oriented treatments are likely to be more successful than other forms of treatment.
B) Research indicates that client-centered therapy is less effective than psychoanalysis.
C) Client-centered therapy requires that individuals know the root of their impulses with respect to unconscious drives.
D) Short-term psychodynamic therapy is highly effective for a range of disorders.

Question 60

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors?

A) learning
B) unconscious conflicts
C) distortions in thinking
D) discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

Question 61

A parent wishes to stop her young son from throwing temper tantrums. You suggest she use extinction and advise her to___________.

A) spank her son whenever he throws a tantrum
B) physically restrain her son when he throws a tantrum
C) give her son a gold star and a hug whenever he is calm
D) ignore the tantrums and pay attention to her son only when he is calm

Question 62

Which technique removes a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior?

A) extinction
B) punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) systematic desensitization

Question 63

Every time Alice cleans her room properly and makes the bed she receives a marble. When she accumulates 100 marbles, she can get the new video game she wants. What type of behavioral program are Alice's parents using?

A) modeling
B) negative reinforcement
C) token economy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 64

Behavior modification is based on ________ principles.

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) social comparison

Question 65

A _________ is a method of reinforcement that uses a formal written agreement in which the goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated.

A) response contingency
B) transactional analysis
C) reciprocal inhibition
D) token economy

Question 66

At Skinner Elementary School, teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time, obey the teacher, and finish their homework. The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer. This system most resembles a________.

A) participant modeling technique
B) contingency contract
C) group extinction procedure
D) token economy

Question 67

The use of operant techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior is called_______.

A) behavior modification
B) empty chair technique
C) reflection
D) selective thinking

Question 68

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) aversion therapy
D) response contingency

Question 69

The basic goal of systematic desensitization is to ________.

A) relax body muscles
B) address the causes of oneʹs fears
C) relax individuals in the presence of a feared object or situation
D) understand what an individual is thinking when faced with a feared object or situation

Question 70

Token economies are based on the use of ________ reinforcers to change behaviors.

A) monetary
B) token
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 71

Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods for Eileen to use in order to reach her weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Eileen's therapist is using which of the following methods?

A) classical conditioning
B) desensitization
C) a response contingency
D) a token economy

Question 72

_________ strengthens a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence.

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Extinction

Question 73

An example of a self-monitoring technique would be ________.

A) keeping a daily log of a problematic behavior
B) setting personal goals
C) setting and achieving personal goals
D) physical relaxation exercises

Question 74

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators. In addition, her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy. Julie's therapist is using__________.

A) person-centered therapy
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) cognitive consistency therapy

Question 75

The view that depressive thoughts produce depressive feelings and behaviors is a hallmark of ________.

A) neither cognitive nor behavior therapy
B) both cognitive and behavior therapy
C) cognitive therapy but not behavior therapy
D) behavior therapy but not cognitive therapy

Question 76

If Cheryl is engaged in progressive muscle relaxation, then she is most likely ________.

A) receiving a massage
B) relaxing her own muscles sequentially from one end of the body to the other
C) using some sort of device that will warm and massage her muscles
D) imagining how she'd feel if her muscles weren't so tense

Question 77

Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking. His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors. Craig's therapist is using________.

A) behavior modification
B) empty chair technique
C) reflection
D) selective thinking

Question 78

_________ strengthens a response by following it with the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Extinction

Question 79

Behavior therapy techniques are based on classical and operant conditioning. Which of the following is a behavior therapy technique based on operant conditioning?

A) exposure
B) behavior modification
C) systematic desensitization
D) exposure with response prevention

Question 80

The strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or removing an unpleasant stimulus is called________.

A) reinforcement
B) modeling
C) punishment
D) extinction