Deck 10: Stress, Health, and Coping: Dealing With Life

Question 1

Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8 a.m. tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a ________.

A) stress
B) stressor
C) stress response
D) stress reaction

Answer 1

stressor

Question 2

Adelaida hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises. According to Hans Selye, she is in the___________.

A) chronic stress phase
B) alarm phase
C) exhaustion phase
D) resistance phase

Answer 2

alarm phase

Question 3

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, _________.

A) the central and somatic systems are activated
B) synaptic activity and the somatic nervous system activate to send messages from the CNS to muscles
C) the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones
D) neurotransmitter levels and the central nervous system are activated

Answer 3

the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones

Question 4

Another name for the resistance phase is the ________ phase.

A) cortisol
B) glucocorticoid
C) adaptation
D) achievement

Question 5

Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) central

Question 6

When thinking about GREs, applying to graduate school, and studying for mid-terms, Nichole starts to have sweaty palms and a racing heart. It is MOST probable that Nichole is responding to ________.

A) T cells
B) the pressure
C) stressors
D) lymphocytes

Question 7

What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

A) resistance, alarm, exhaustion
B) exhaustion, resistance, alarm
C) alarm, exhaustion, resistance
D) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 8

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome?

A) Hans Selye
B) Berkowitz
C) Holmes and Rahe
D) Lazarus

Question 9

Octavious is under a lot of stress. He is always tired and feels overwhelmed by his work load. Which phase of the stress response is he most likely in?

A) alarm phase
B) resistance phase
C) exhaustion phase
D) persistence phase

Question 10

An example of an acute stressor is ________.

A) being injured in a car crash
B) having cancer
C) being underfed
D) overcrowding

Question 11

Sabina hates going food shopping. When she goes, she finds that her heart starts beating and her breathing is labored. In contrast her husband, Dacian, finds food shopping relaxing. This situation emphasizes ________.

A) the objective nature of the stressful situation
B) how our body returns to homeostasis
C) how our perception of the situation influences our stress level
D) the similarities within married couples' stress responses

Question 12

Hans Selye pioneered a model which describes the body's response to stress. Which of the following choices reflect the three phases of his model?

A) acute, chronic, and fight-or-flight
B) alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
C) fight, flight, and panic
D) exhaustion, panic, and calm

Question 13

If Hallam is fired from her job, she will likely view this as a(n) ________ event.

A) chronic physical
B) acute psychological
C) chronic psychological
D) acute social

Question 14

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is called ________.

A) exhaustion
B) resistance
C) alarm
D) fatigue

Question 15

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

A) somatic and parasympathetic
B) autonomic and sympathetic
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) central and somatic

Question 16

When an individual perceives a threat, which of the following will likely occur?

A) inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system
B) activating the parasympathetic nervous system
C) the constriction of pupils
D) there will be an increase in hormonal secretions

Question 17

_________ is the term used to describe physical and psychological responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A) Stress
B) Burnout
C) Dysphoria
D) Distress

Question 18

________ psychology is primarily concerned with the promotion of health and the treatment and prevention of illness as it relates to psychological factors.

A) Health
B) Clinical
C) Biological
D) Medical

Question 19

Saadat is walking to the front of the classroom in preparation for his class presentation. He notices his heart is starting to beat fast, his palms are sweaty, and he has a general sense of increase in energy. According to the general adaptation syndrome, which phase of the stress response is he in?

A) alarm phase
B) adaptation phase
C) reactive phase
D) muscle preparation phase

Question 20

The stress response is our body's attempt at ________.

A) restoring brain functioning
B) dealing with psychological exhaustion
C) adjusting to the demands of stressors by activating the fight-or-flight system
D) prepping us for impending pain

Question 21

Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip, where she must travel through an area with many mountains, will pose a danger for her. As such, this example illustrates ________.

A) a stress reaction
B) coping
C) primary appraisal
D) secondary appraisal

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A) A person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring in the Bahamas or in Tahiti.
B) A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points.
C) A person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories.
D) A person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream.

Question 23

Qimat must decide between two equally good choices for his weekend activity. He can either go fishing with his dad or go to an amusement park with his friends. This is an example of a(n)________ conflict.

A) positive-positive
B) approach-avoidance
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) approach-approach

Question 24

Fabiana is beginning to realize that so-called surprise quizzes in her math class really aren't too much of a surprise at all because they tend to occur every week. Accordingly, she accepts that fact and regularly reviews the course material. This example best illustrates that ________.

A) there can be a mismatch between perceived control and the preferred level of control
B) coping is a whimsical process
C) perceiving a lack of control typically produces stress
D) events beyond our control can still be predictable

Question 25

A conflict in which a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals is called__________.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 26

Jacinta finds applying for graduate school to be frustrating. She believes that the entire process is random. As such, this example highlights the role of ________ in coping.

A) perceived control
B) self-monitoring
C) action
D) optimism

Question 27

Bluma hates making decisions, especially about things she does not like. Her mom wants her to either mow the lawn or clean her room this weekend. This is an example of ________ conflict.

A) avoidance-avoidance
B) good-evil
C) negative-negative
D) approach-approach

Question 28

In cognitive appraisal, coping is ________.

A) only existent after tertiary appraisal
B) the primary mechanism in primary appraisal
C) taking some course of action to reduce the effects of a stressor
D) independent of primary and secondary appraisal

Question 29

Jonah felt that his biology final was an extremely stressful event, whereas Susan did not. This example illustrates that ________ is crucial in determining whether a given stimulus is stressful.

A) perception
B) intelligence
C) gender
D) objective reality

Question 30

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress, which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?

A) alarm
B) collapse
C) exhaustion
D) resistance

Question 31

Because Melinda is attempting to make a difficult choice as whether to file for divorce, she is probably experiencing ________.

A) learned helplessness
B) internal conflict
C) burnout
D) little perceived control

Question 32

According to Selye, some people may develop illnesses such as high blood pressure or a weakened immune system during the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) alarm
B) collapse
C) exhaustion
D) resistance

Question 33

As Olina started her job, her supervisors kept her work load low. As she progressed on the job, they increased her load. With each increase came an added level of stress, but Olina learned to handle it. As the number and intensity of stressors increased, Olina adjusted her ________.

A) alarm response
B) stress response
C) stress load
D) allostatic load

Question 34

Imagine that you have just flunked a class. You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about. Next you decide to repeat the class in summer school. You have made __________.

A) a primary appraisal only
B) both a primary and a secondary appraisal
C) a stress-related decision
D) a hassle-related decision

Question 35

The exhaustion phase can cause damage to the hippocampal cells which affect ________.

A) sex drive
B) general mood
C) learning and memory
D) growth

Question 36

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor, we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping with the stressor. This process is called________.

A) primary appraisal
B) secondary appraisal
C) tertiary appraisal
D) distress-eustress dichotomy

Question 37

During which phase of cognitive appraisal are resources available to deal with the stressors assessed?

A) coping
B) primary appraisal
C) secondary appraisal
D) tertiary appraisal

Question 38

During the resistance phase, ________ helps the body return to a more normal state in the presence of continued stressors.

A) cortisol
B) glucose
C) adrenaline
D) norepinephrine

Question 39

The _______perceived control one has, the _______the degree of stress.

A) more; greater
B) less; greater
C) less; lower
D) Control has nothing to do with stress.

Question 40

Sharon is regularly abused by her husband. Her perceived lack of control in the situation prevents her from leaving him. This is known as ________.

A) internal conflict
B) learned helplessness
C) exhaustion phase
D) resistance

Question 41

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ___________.

A) uplifts
B) hassles
C) downturns
D) distress

Question 42

The best predictor of stress-related illness seems to be ________.

A) any major change in life circumstances
B) any negative event
C) any positive event that is not viewed as such
D) the amount of life's daily hassles

Question 43

In her office, Dr. Berg is trying to write a paper. Occasionally, she is interrupted by her colleagues who just want to chat. Because of these interruptions, she may experience ________.

A) a brief fit of frustration, but nothing else
B) large increases in cortisol levels
C) large decreases in cortisol levels
D) a greater risk of strokes

Question 44

Changes in the immune system are moderated by changes in the ________ nervous system.

A) skeletal
B) autonomic
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic

Question 45

The term hassles refers to__________.

A) minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work
B) personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal
C) the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals
D) minor annoyances of everyday life

Question 46

The field of ______ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system.

A) social psychology
B) organic medicine
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) interactive psychology

Question 47

Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for________.

A) unplanned pregnancy
B) heart attack and stroke
C) promotions at work
D) schizophrenia

Question 48

Prolonged stress has been shown to ______ cancer.

A) decrease vulnerability to
B) be unrelated to one's vulnerability to
C) increase vulnerability to
D) cause

Question 49

Hassles _______________.

A) do not arise from major life events
B) arise from major life events
C) nullify the stress that arises from major life events
D) are unrelated to stress

Question 50

Another name for the buildup of plaque in the arteries is ________.

A) a heart attack
B) pulmonary disease
C) atherosclerosis
D) arteriosclerosis

Question 51

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 52

A name for one type of T cell is ________.

A) B cell
B) activator cell
C) natural killer cell
D) neuroimmunological cell

Question 53

Daily life hassles are associated with ________.

A) impaired immune functioning
B) lower cholesterol levels
C) reduced psychological symptoms
D) reduced physical symptoms

Question 54

How might stress assist in the growth of a tumor?

A) Actually, it doesn't.
B) by causing a reduction in the effectiveness of NK cells
C) by causing the tumor to develop in the first place
D) by destroying brain cells

Question 55

In 2005 Matt lost his home due to Hurricane Katrina. He might experience ________.

A) great changes in his B cells
B) great changes in his C cells
C) great changes in his Z cells
D) great changes in his NK cells

Question 56

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the relationship of stress and cancer?

A) Stress causes cancer.
B) Stress causes neither cancer nor the growth of cancerous tumors.
C) While stress cannot cause cancer, it can affect the body's ability to fight cancerous tumor cells.
D) Stress can make a cancer patientʹs condition worse, but it has no impact on the individual prior to their diagnosis.

Question 57

Because stress can impair the functioning of white blood cells, it plays an important role in ________.

A) causing cancer
B) the healing of wounds
C) contributing to Alzheimer's disease
D) causing AIDS

Question 58

The field of psychoneuroimmunology focuses on ________.

A) the ways in which thoughts and feelings affect the immune system
B) the ways in which mental states suppress our circulatory system
C) the pattern of brain activity in normal, functioning adults
D) the pattern of responses from our brain

Question 59

A ________ cell is a type of white blood cell that matures in the bone marrow.

A) A
B) B
C) T
D) Z

Question 60

The system of cells, organs, and chemicals that defends the body against infection and disease is called the ________.

A) immune system
B) endocrine system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) respiratory system

Question 61

Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?

A) electromyograph (EMG)
B) electrocardiograph (EKG)
C) electro-oculograph (EOG)
D) electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 62

If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep, then you were most likely in which stage of sleep?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) slow wave sleep

Question 63

Which of the following is correct concerning REM deprivation?

A) REM deprivation results in long-term mental illness.
B) REM deprivation only occurs among the elderly.
C) REM deprivation leads to increased amounts of REM sleep on subsequent nights of sleep.
D) REM deprivation can lead to visual impairments.

Question 64

The deepest stage of sleep is ________ sleep.

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4

Question 65

Stage 2 of sleep typically lasts for approximately ________ minutes per sleep cycle.

A)10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 66

If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?

A) REM
B) stage 1
C) stage 2
D) stage 4

Question 67

In which of the following stages would one experience a hypnic jerk?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4

Question 68

Stage 4 sleep is marked by _________ waves.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) theta
D) delta

Question 69

There are ________ stages of sleep.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 70

You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple-just put on a tape and fall asleep. The accompanying description cites proof that people can learn while asleep. Being a good psychological detective, what question would you ask about the offered proof?

A) Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language?
B) What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep?
C) Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes?
D) Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material?

Question 71

Accelerated and irregular breathing and heart rate are common in which stage of sleep?

A) REM
B) stage 1
C) stage 2
D) stages 3 & 4

Question 72

Short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during stage 2 sleep are called __________.

A) delta waves
B) sleep spindles
C) paradoxical sleep waves
D) beta waves

Question 73

Jerry, a hostile person, is likely to have a higher heart rate and blood pressure ________.

A) only when he is angry
B) at all times
C) only when he is in any negative mood
D) only during the daytime

Question 74

Prior to the invention of the ________, scientists believed that sleep was a single state.

A) PET scan
B) EEG
C) MRI
D) EKG

Question 75

The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________.

A) mental illness
B) heart disease
C) cancer
D) respiratory illnesses

Question 76

Periods of REM sleep alternate with periods of non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs about every ______________ minutes or so.

A) 30
B) 90
C) 150
D) 210

Question 77

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual receives as a function of age?

A) We require more sleep as we age.
B) As we age, we tend to get less sleep.
C) We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood, less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood, and then more sleep in middle and older age.
D) The amount of sleep we require solely depends on individual difference variables.

Question 78

REM sleep refers to __________________.

A) dreamless sleep
B) sleep induced by sleeping pills
C) sleep periods in which sleepwalking is likely
D) sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly

Question 79

Which emotion is associated with greater likelihood of heart disease?

A) fear
B) depression
C) joy
D) anger

Question 80

How many sleep cycles does a person typically experience over the course of one night?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four or five