Deck 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Question 1

If a researcher wanted to do genetics research and wanted twins to be exactly the same in both appearance and genetic structure,she would want to study ______ twins.

A) dizygotic
B) gametomimetic
C) non-identical
D) monozygotic

Answer 1

monozygotic

Question 2

In general,studies of adopted children's IQs show them to be

A) closer in IQ to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents.
B) no closer in IQ to their biological parents than they are to their adoptive parents.
C) closer in IQ to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents.
D) just as close to their adoptive parents as to their biological parents.

Answer 2

closer in IQ to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents.

Question 3

Which statement about genes and chromosomes is most accurate?

A) Genes and chromosomes are essentially the same thing.
B) Chromosomes are made up of genes.
C) Genes are made up of chromosomes.
D) For every gene,there is a corresponding chromosome.

Answer 3

Chromosomes are made up of genes.

Question 4

Based on available evidence,inheritance influences the _______ of our behavior.

A) broad dimensions
B) narrow definitions
C) smallest detail
D) moral development

Question 5

What have twin studies revealed about intelligence?

A) Intelligence is completely influenced by environment.
B) Intelligence is partly influenced by heredity.
C) Dizygotic twins have almost identical IQ scores.
D) Monozygotic twins have very different IQ scores.

Question 6

Identical twins are also known as

A) monozygotic twins.
B) dominant-recessive twins.
C) dizygotic twins.
D) chromosomal twins.

Question 7

Dizygotic twins are as genetically alike as

A) other siblings.
B) their parents.
C) monozygotic twins.
D) clones.

Question 8

On the long strands of DNA,______ are located on the twin rails of the double helix.

A) hormones
B) nucleotides
C) myelinated sheaths
D) polyphonic stubs

Question 9

Through multiple studies with genes and female mice,what is the current conclusion from this research?

A) Aggression really occurs only in male mice.
B) Genes influence aggression in female mice.
C) Aggression is not a trait that can be selectively bred.
D) Genes do not influence aggression in female mice.

Question 10

Normal and abnormal aspects of personality,such as sociability,kindness,or anxiety,result from

A) interactions of genes and proteins within the cell.
B) heredity and experiences in the environment.
C) genetic factors primarily.
D) environmental factors primarily.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the nucleotides in DNA?

A) glycol
B) GABA
C) guanine
D) glycogen

Question 12

All cells in the human body contain microscopic structures called

A) chromosomes.
B) dendrites.
C) axon hillocks.
D) synaptic axons.

Question 13

Dizygotic twins occur when a female produces ______ that are fertilized by ______.

A) two separate eggs;one sperm cell
B) two separate eggs;two different sperm cells
C) one egg;one sperm cell
D) one egg;two different sperm cells

Question 14

Chromosomes are constructed of long strands of

A) melatonin.
B) DNA.
C) thyroxin.
D) glia.

Question 15

One of the key founders of the study of genetics was

A) Freud.
B) Bouchard.
C) Ebbinghaus.
D) Mendel.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding inheritance and behavior?

A) Behaviors that are inherited often skip a generation.
B) Humans do not inherit specific patterns of behavior.
C) Humans inherit behavior based on animal development.
D) Humans are only capable of inheriting very specific behaviors.

Question 17

The human cell has how many pairs of chromosomes?

A) 20
B) 23
C) 26
D) 30

Question 18

When the most highly aggressive female mice are bred with random male mice,and for each generation only the highly aggressive female mice are selected to breed,what happens to these selected female mice over successive generations?

A) The highly aggressive female mice become more and more aggressive in each new generation.
B) The effect of aggression in female mice is negated by the random effect of the male mice.
C) The highly aggressive female mice eventually die out because of stress-related reactions.
D) The male mice become extremely hostile and aggressive in order to stay alive.

Question 19

Siblings would have the same genes if

A) their parents are brother and sister.
B) each inherits dominant genes.
C) they are fraternal twins.
D) they are monozygotic twins.

Question 20

The science of genetics was founded in the

A) 1660s.
B) 1760s.
C) 1860s.
D) 1960s.

Question 21

Traits controlled by large number of genes are called

A) polygenic.
B) polyphonic.
C) polymorphous.
D) polygamous.

Question 22

The difference between ethnicity and race is that ethnicity is more about one's

A) biological makeup.
B) social class.
C) prejudices.
D) cultural heritage.

Question 23

A zygote has ________ chromosomes.

A) 46 pairs of
B) 23 pairs of
C) 23 individual
D) 46 individual

Question 24

A human sperm cell has

A) 23 paired genes.
B) 23 unpaired chromosomes.
C) 46 paired chromosomes.
D) 46 unpaired genes.

Question 25

An ethnic group refers to ______ but an ethnic identity refers to ______.

A) people who descended from a particular area;the major classifications on the U.S.Census.
B) people who descended from a particular area;a sense of belonging and sharing of group beliefs.
C) the major classifications on the U.S.Census;a sense of belonging and sharing of group beliefs.
D) a sense of belonging and sharing of group beliefs;people who descended from a particular area.

Question 26

The basic biological units of inheritance are the

A) gene.
B) nucleotide.
C) zygote.
D) gamete.

Question 27

Chromosome abnormality caused by the presence of an additional twenty-first chromosome that results in physical irregularities and mental retardation is

A) cretinism.
B) Down syndrome.
C) phenylketonuria.
D) sickle-cell anemia.

Question 28

Differences in polymorphic genes can help explain differences in

A) college-bound and non-college bound high school seniors.
B) marital satisfaction over the lifetime.
C) the type of occupation selected.
D) behavior and mental processes.

Question 29

Brown eyes,dark hair,and farsightedness are common examples of ________ traits.

A) neutral
B) recessive
C) dominant
D) regressive

Question 30

Genetically speaking,blue eyes,light hair,normal vision,and freckles are the result of

A) dominant traits.
B) chromosomal abnormality.
C) dizygotic separation.
D) recessive traits.

Question 31

When a group of people share patterns of behavior,beliefs,and values,then a/n ______ exists.

A) culture
B) community
C) utopia
D) commune

Question 32

There is scientific evidence available stating that exposure to alcohol during pregnancy _____ the level of aggressive and rule-breaking behavior of children later in life.

A) is correlationally related to
B) has a causal impact on
C) descriptively predicts
D) has no relationship to

Question 33

Typically,each chromosome of a normal human cell contains ______ of genes.

A) billions
B) millions
C) hundreds
D) thousands

Question 34

Males have ______ chromosomes and females have ______ chromosomes.

A) two Y;two X
B) an X and a Y;two X
C) two X;two Y
D) two X;an X and a Y

Question 35

Recessive traits appear only when the mother's gene is ______ and the father's gene is ______.

A) dominant;recessive
B) dominant;dominant
C) recessive;dominant
D) recessive;recessive

Question 36

A polymorphic gene is special because it can

A) implode.
B) procreate.
C) self-destruct.
D) mutate.

Question 37

Research evidence has suggested that ______ levels of lead or mercury in a child's bloodstream may ______ the intellectual ability of a child.

A) high;decrease
B) low;decrease
C) regular;increase
D) high: increase

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of Down syndrome?

A) auditory impairment
B) metabolic irregularity
C) thickened tongue
D) cardiac arrhythmia

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the relationship between dominant and recessive genes?

A) If both genes are present,the dominant gene is expressed.
B) If both genes are present,the recessive gene is expressed.
C) Recessive genes are to personality as dominant genes are to physical traits.
D) Dominant genes are to personality as recessive genes are to physical traits.

Question 40

Genes are responsible for the ______ of specific proteins in our cells.

A) transduction
B) symbiosis
C) destruction
D) synthesis

Question 41

When you read in your textbook the idea that gene expression is variable,this means that

A) the gene to chromosome relationship is not the same for all people.
B) genes can vary between a double helix structure and a triple helix structure.
C) some people have the full set of genes while others are missing some genes.
D) the gene does not synthesize proteins the same way in all environments.

Question 42

The concept of ______ refers to the psychological experience of one's ______.

A) sex;physicality
B) sex;gender
C) gender;androgyny
D) gender;sex

Question 43

What term best defines an individual's sense of belonging to a particular group?

A) self-concept
B) ethnic identity
C) human diversity
D) cultural relativity

Question 44

The intersection of culture and parenting can lead to some interested differences between children.For example,Chinese parents ______ their shy children,whereas American parents ______ their shy children.

A) praise;disapprove of
B) punish;praise
C) disapprove of;disown
D) disown;praise

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a collectivistic culture?

A) Italy
B) United States
C) Norway
D) China

Question 46

When our genes and environment are linked with a person doing anything to cause the link,this is known as ______ gene-environment correlation.

A) pliable
B) possessive
C) permeable
D) passive

Question 47

When culture expects a person to behave based on their sex,this is a gender

A) type.
B) transformation.
C) violation.
D) role.

Question 48

Cultures that emphasize the importance of individual rights,goals,and accomplishments are considered to be

A) collectivistic.
B) modernistic.
C) individualistic.
D) culturally diverse.

Question 49

The subjective experience of living in the world and being treated either as a male or a female is known as a person's

A) gender role.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual orientation.
D) sex.

Question 50

If a gene is active when you are in a state of high stress,but the gene is passive when you are calm,this action depending on your environment would be an example of gene

A) expression.
B) exponentiation.
C) exhibition.
D) excitation.

Question 51

Which of the following is actually an example of how a gene might be expressed?

A) Synapses are destroyed.
B) Proteins are synthesized.
C) Membranes are permeated.
D) Chromosomes are created.

Question 52

Cultures that emphasize the well-being of the family and the larger culture are considered to be

A) collectivistic.
B) modernistic.
C) individualistic.
D) culturally diverse.

Question 53

When psychologists use the word "gender," they are referring to the

A) political ramifications of being male or female.
B) psychological experience of being male or female.
C) biological indications contributed by genetics.
D) hereditary contributions to sexual orientation.

Question 54

Considering anti-social behavior,when the genes that increase the likelihood of antisocial behavior also lead to experiences that increase the risk for antisocial behavior,a(n)______ correlation is occurring.

A) passive
B) active
C) analytic
D) possessive

Question 55

Chinese American parents teaching their children mathematics skills use parenting practices that lead to greater mathematics achievement,yet at the same time personal adjustment is ______ in Chinese American children.

A) dramatically improved
B) not harmed
C) significantly delayed
D) irrevocably damaged

Question 56

Sometimes individuals who have a gene that influences a psychological characteristic also have experiences that also influence the same psychological characteristic.When this happens,it is called

A) gene-environment interaction.
B) gene-environment multimodality.
C) gene-environment correlation.
D) genetic predisposition.

Question 57

A person's ______ is defined by the possession of either male or female genitalia.

A) sex
B) gender
C) identity
D) role

Question 58

The idea that genes influence how environments affect us and the environments influence how genes operate is known as the gene-environment

A) intra-dependence.
B) incision.
C) interaction.
D) interdiction.

Question 59

By definition,gender identity is a matter of

A) culturally classified behavioral tendencies.
B) physical characteristics.
C) one's personal opinion about oneself.
D) sexual desire,independent of sexual behavior

Question 60

When an active gene-environment correlation is at work,genes and environments are actively correlated through

A) actions.
B) beliefs.
C) characteristics.
D) demeanor.

Question 61

Your best friend Clarice possesses characteristics that are feminine,but also exhibits masculine characteristics as well.Someone who possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics is known as

A) androgynous.
B) a hermaphrodite.
C) gender confused.
D) a transvestite.

Question 62

In the area of cognitive ability and achievement,the largest difference in cognitive performance between men and women is seen in the area of

A) social studies.
B) spatial and mechanical reasoning.
C) spelling.
D) English literature.

Question 63

By watching the adults in his neighborhood,Johnny understands that boys are tough and strong and girls are weak and delicate.Johnny's observations have influenced his ideas about

A) gender identity.
B) gender roles.
C) sexual orientation.
D) sexual identity.

Question 64

Regarding success in mathematics courses,women tend to attribute their success to ______,whereas men tend to attribute their success to ______.

A) good luck;hard work
B) hard work;intellectual ability
C) intellectual ability;good luck
D) intellectual ability;hard work

Question 65

On average,men can throw _____ and with more ______ than women.

A) farther;injury
B) more items;weight
C) farther;accuracy
D) more items;velocity

Question 66

Emotional expressiveness,dependence,and nurturance are traditional feminine

A) gender identities.
B) gender roles.
C) sexual orientations.
D) sexual behaviors.

Question 67

Generally speaking,women perform better on ______ while men perform better on ______.

A) language skills;fine motor skills
B) verbal memory;science
C) social studies;perceptual speed
D) mathematics;science

Question 68

In examining the top 1% of mathematical ability test scores used for college applications,what is the proportion of males and females in this top 1%?

A) There are seven times more males than females.
B) The proportion of males and females is equal.
C) There are twice as many females as males.
D) For every 100 males there is one female.

Question 69

Which of the following is an area where women excel in performance as compared to men?

A) gross motor skills
B) navigating three-dimensional space
C) mental rotation of objects
D) fine motor skills

Question 70

Concerning success in mathematics courses,women tend to attribute their own success to

A) innate predisposition.
B) luck.
C) hard work.
D) intellectual ability.

Question 71

In the United States,which of the following would be considered to be a masculine trait?

A) nurturing
B) independent
C) sensitive to others
D) emotionally expressive

Question 72

If a person possesses the desirable characteristics of both males and females,they would best be described as

A) bisexual.
B) androgynous.
C) abnormal.
D) unique.

Question 73

When you look at male versus female math ability scores,you will find

A) more diversity among females.
B) more diversity among males.
C) equal diversity.
D) inconclusive evidence of the differences between males and females.

Question 74

According to studies of gender differences in emotion and social behavior,men are more likely to engage in

A) trusting and open relationships.
B) sociable and friendly behavior.
C) indirect verbal aggression.
D) physical aggression.

Question 75

Which of the following appears to be true about people who have androgynous gender roles?

A) They tend to adapt better to life's changing demands.
B) They are confused and are prone to sexual experimentation.
C) They tend to be bisexual.
D) They have ambiguous sexual orientations.

Question 76

When behaviors are classified as masculine or feminine,this indicates that gender ______ are under discussion.

A) forms
B) preferences
C) roles
D) identities

Question 77

Gender differences in emotion and social behavior tend to be

A) larger than differences in cognitive behavior.
B) of very little significance.
C) very reliable indicators of a person's personality.
D) much smaller than other gender differences.

Question 78

Generally speaking,men tend to be more ______ while women tend to be more ______.

A) cooperative;dominant
B) friendly;helpful
C) dominant;assertive
D) competitive;nurturing

Question 79

On the average men score higher than women on

A) fine motor skills tests.
B) verbal and spatial memory tests.
C) mathematics achievement tests.
D) reading comprehension tests.

Question 80

In thinking about Mary (a female),a psychologist would tend to view Mary's gender role as being comprised of

A) only feminine characteristics.
B) no masculine characteristics.
C) neither masculine nor feminine characteristics.
D) both masculine and feminine characteristics