Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Management

Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Question
The energy (kcalories)provided by one gram each of protein,fat,carbohydrate,and alcohol is:

A)Protein - 9;Fat - 9;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 4.
B)Protein - 4;Fat - 4;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 9.
C)Protein - 7;Fat - 4;Carbohydrate - 9;Alcohol - 4.
D)Protein - 4;Fat - 9;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 7.
Use Space or
up arrow
down arrow
to flip the card.
Question
Which statement best distinguishes between basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate?

A)There is no difference between them.
B)The basal metabolic rate is lower than the resting metabolic rate.
C)The resting metabolic rate is higher because it includes the thermic effect of food.
D)Basal metabolic rate is more accurate because it is unaffected by the temperature of the environment,while the resting metabolic rate is temperature-sensitive.
Question
"Obesity is on the rise in almost all countries of the world." What is being described?

A)Life expectancy
B)Morbidity
C)Lifestyle transition
D)Globesity
Question
Which statement best describes fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the fasting state?

A)Muscle proteins and glycogen are converted to glucose;adipose tissue releases fatty acids into the blood.
B)Muscle proteins are converted to glucose,while glycogen remains in the liver,unmetabolized.Adipose tissue releases fatty acids.
C)There is no carbohydrate metabolism in the fasting state;instead adipose tissue releases fatty acids and ketone bodies as sources of energy.
D)Muscle proteins and glycogen are converted to fatty acids;adipose tissue converts glycerol into glucose.
Question
Why is obesity a public health concern in Canada?

A)It does not affect children,but has a substantial impact on the health of Canadian adults.
B)It is caused by Canadians eating and exercise less than recommended.
C)It increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type-2-diabetes,cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer.
D)It has risen in Canada faster than other countries in the world.
Question
What is the function of a bomb calorimeter?

A)It determines how many kcalories are spent when performing a specific exercise.
B)It is a way to "burn off" excess kcalories.
C)It determines the number of kcalories in a particular food.
D)It calculates a person's set point.
Question
Which statement about obesity is TRUE?

A)Obesity rates have remained constant over the last 15 years.
B)Obesity is defined as having a BMI over 25.
C)Obesity rates are constant across racial and ethnic groups.
D)Obesity is defined as having a BMI over 30.
Question
If a serving of tuna contains 1 gram fat,0 carbohydrates,and contains 69 kcalories,how many grams of protein are in one serving?

A)15
B)30
C)44
D)60
Question
What piece of equipment is used to determine the energy content of a food?

A)a bomb calorimeter.
B)calipers.
C)a scale.
D)underwater weighing.
Question
What are the major components of energy expenditure?

A)BMR,energy consumption,and protein metabolism.
B)BMR,physical activity,and TEF.
C)BMR,resting,and TEF.
D)physical activity,sleeping,and eating.
Question
What is TEF?

A)energy used to maintain the function of vital organs at rest.
B)energy stored in adipose tissue
C)thermal energy from food
D)energy expended to digest,absorb,and metabolize nutrients
Question
What is the total energy content of a serving of granola that contains 7 grams of fat,40 grams of carbohydrate,and 4 grams of protein?

A)51 kcalories
B)145 kcalories
C)176 kcalories
D)239 kcalories
Question
Carbohydrates,fats,and proteins are typically converted to what intermediate,when metabolized to provide energy?

A)pyruvate.
B)acetyl CoA.
C)ammonia.
D)glycerol.
Question
What best helps to maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals?

A)The mobilization of fat stores to make glucose.
B)The breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C)The digestion of starch to produce glucose.
D)The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.
Question
With respect to diet-induced thermogenesis,dietary fat has a lower metabolic cost than protein.What does this mean?

A)It requires more energy to oxidize or store dietary fat than protein.
B)Fat metabolism generates more toxic metabolic wastes than protein metabolism.
C)It requires less energy to oxidize and store dietary fat than protein.
D)Fat metabolism generates less toxic metabolic wastes than protein metabolism.
Question
Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A)aging past 70
B)increase in muscle mass
C)increase in body weight
D)running a fever
Question
As macronutrients are metabolized,high energy electrons are released at various metabolic steps.This energy is used to synthesize what compound?

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide.
C)ATP.
D)oxygen
Question
What are the two major energy-storing compounds of the body?

A)glycogen;triglycerides.
B)glucose;triglycerides.
C)muscle;glycogen.
D)protein;glucose.
Question
To determine how many kcalories are in a food item,the food undergoes combustion in a chamber surrounded by water.Which factor must be determined in order to establish the energy content of that food item?

A)change in temperature of the water surrounding the chamber
B)density of water surrounding the chamber
C)surface area of the food item
D)volume of the food item
Question
Most body fat is stored in which cells?

A)adipocytes.
B)beta-cells.
C)red blood cells
D)leptin cells.
Question
A volunteer consumes water containing isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen.What is being measured?

A)resting metabolic rate in a laboratory.
B)the amount of heat produced by the body.
C)the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide exhaled into a specially designed mask placed over the face.
D)energy expenditure while the volunteer engages in normal day-to-day activities
Question
Which technique of measuring energy expenditure measures the amount of heat given off by the body?

A)direct calorimetry
B)indirect calorimetry
C)doubly-labelled water
D)bomb calorimetry
Question
Which is NOT a consequence of childhood obesity?

A)weight stigmatization
B)increased risk of type-2-diabetes
C)decreased risk of gall bladder disease
D)increased blood pressure
Question
Which method to measure body composition directs a low-energy electrical current through the body?

A)BMI
B)bioelectric impedance
C)skinfold thickness
D)underwater weighing
Question
In order to calculate a person's body mass index (BMI),what information about the person must be known?

A)height and weight
B)lean body mass and weight
C)lean body mass and fat stores
D)waist circumference and height
Question
Consider the following: PERSON A: weight 60 kg & height: 165 cm
PERSON B: weight 60 kg & height: 170 cm
Which statement about BMI is correct?

A)Person A has a lower BMI than person B.
B)Person B has a lower BMI than person A.
C)More information is needed to calculate BMI than just height and weight.
D)BMI is unchanged because both person A & B have the same weight.
Question
Why is being too lean associated with an increased risk of early death?

A)Body fat is needed for protein synthesis.
B)Body fat is needed for fertility.
C)Body fat provides an energy reserve during illness.
D)Body fat is needed to prevent overnutrition.
Question
For which of the following would the recommended energy intake,per unit of body weight,be the lowest?

A)2-month-old infant
B)80-year-old female
C)26-year-old woman,in third trimester of pregnancy
D)15-year-old male
Question
"Cardiovascular disease is more likely when body weight is elevated." What is being described?

A)comorbidity
B)a consequence of low serum triglycerides
C)a consequence of low LDL cholesterol
D)thermogenesis
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the use of skinfold thickness measurements to estimate body composition is FALSE?

A)Measurements tend to be more accurate in normal-weight individuals compared to obese individuals.
B)Although fairly accurate,obtaining skinfold measurements is a relatively expensive method of measurement.
C)It is assumed that the subcutaneous fat,which is measured with calipers,is representative of total body fat.
D)The accuracy of body composition is dependent upon the skill of the person using the skinfold calipers.
Question
Which method most accurately determines the amount of visceral fat?

A)radiologic methods.
B)dilution methods.
C)skinfold thickness.
D)underwater weighing.
Question
What does skinfold thickness measure?

A)subcutaneous fat.
B)visceral fat.
C)total fat.
D)body density.
Question
Which statement about BMI is TRUE?

A)A BMI of 16-22 is defined as a healthy body weight.
B)BMI is an excellent tool for predicting health risks for every body type.
C)A BMI of 22-28 is obese.
D)A BMI over 30 is considered obese.
Question
In order to estimate energy expenditure,what is measured during indirect calorimetry?

A)food consumed;heat produced
B)food consumed;water excreted
C)oxygen consumed;carbon dioxide expired
D)oxygen consumed;sweat produced
Question
Which is not a typical consequence of weight stigmatization?

A)Depression
B)Positive self-image
C)Social isolation
D)Suicidal thoughts
Question
Which statement best describes why doubly-labelled water is the preferred method for measuring energy expenditure?

A)it involves the use of isotopes
B)it only requires the individual to remain in a closed chamber for one day
C)it does not restrict day-to-day living
D)it allows for the separate measurement of BMR and energy expenditure due to exercise
Question
As people age,which factor can result in an increase in body weight?

A)a decrease in BMR.
B)a decrease in food intake.
C)an increase in exercise.
D)an increase in BMR.
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the disadvantages of using BMI as a means of assessing risk of chronic disease is TRUE?

A)Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI.
B)The BMI uses measurements which are cumbersome to obtain.
C)Calculating BMI is relatively expensive.
D)BMI calculations for men and women require different formulas.
Question
According to BMI criteria,an individual with a BMI of 22 would fall into which weight category?

A)underweight.
B)healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.
Question
An individual does not participate in any other physical activity except that required for day-to-day.Which term best describes this individual?

A)sedentary.
B)low active.
C)active.
D)very active.
Question
"Malnourished mothers give birth to small babies.If these babies are exposed to an environment,after birth,where food is plentiful their risk of becoming obese is greater than that of normal-sized babies." What is being described?

A)Fetal programming
B)Developmental origins of health and disease
C)Impact of the environment in utero to influence future health
D)All of the above
Question
What is the stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues?

A)appetite.
B)hunger.
C)behavioral modification.
D)satiety.
Question
"Bones,muscles,and all tissue except adipose tissue." What is being described?

A)A component of the body that tends to decrease in size with aging.
B)A component of the body that tends to increase in size with starvation.
C)A component of the body that tends to increase in size with exercise.
D)Both (a)and (c)
Question
Which hormone,produced by adipocytes,functions to maintain the amount of fat in the body at a constant or stable level?

A)ephinephrine
B)leptin.
C)hormone-sensitive lipase
D)insulin.
Question
After eating a large dinner,we feel full and satisfied.Which term describes this feeling?

A)appetite suppression.
B)caloric equilibrium.
C)energy balance.
D)satiety.
Question
What is the effect of brown adipose on a person's tendency to gain weight?

A)the tendency to gain weight is reduced because energy expenditure increases
B)the tendency to gain weight is increased because energy expenditure increases
C)the tendency to gain weight is unchanged
D)the tendency to gain weight is reduced because energy expenditure decreases
Question
What is the relationship between gut microflora and body weight?

A)A person with gut microflora that efficiently converts dietary fibre into short chain fatty acids will be predisposed to weight loss.
B)A person with gut microflora that efficiently converts dietary fibre into short chain fatty acids will be predisposed to weight gain.
C)There is no relationship between body weight and gut microflora,
D)A person with gut microflora that slows intestinal motility will be predisposed to weight loss.
Question
For many years,Erin's weight has been stable at approximately 60 kgm.How would this weight be described?

A)Erin's maintenance level
B)Erin's set point.
C)A trigger point.
D)Short-term regulation
Question
What is the change in energy expenditure induced by changes in ambient temperature and food intake?

A)adaptive thermogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)physical activity factor.
D)non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
Question
Which region of the brain regulates long-term food intake and energy expenditure?

A)cerebellum
B)cortex
C)frontal lobe
D)hypothalamus
Question
Which statement about the relationship of obesity to thrifty metabolism is FALSE?

A)Thrifty metabolism would result in lower energy expenditure.
B)Thrifty metabolism would result in higher energy expenditure.
C)Thrifty metabolism is a reasonable adaptation to starvation
D)Thrifty metabolism means less energy would be lost as heat.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that increases energy expenditure?

A)Increased heat production
B)Decreased futile cycling
C)Increased leptin levels
D)Decreased leptin resistance
Question
Which statement about obesity genes is FALSE?

A)Abnormal obesity genes can result in abnormal amounts of body fat.
B)Obesity genes code for proteins.
C)Obesity genes are the main culprit behind rising levels of obesity.
D)Obesity genes regulate food intake,energy expenditure,or the deposition of body fat.
Question
Which hormone,produced in the stomach,stimulates food intake?

A)ghrelin.
B)serotonin.
C)peptide PYY.
D)cholecystokinin.
Question
Which statement best describes leptin resistance?

A)As body fat increases,leptin levels decrease and the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,also decreases.
B)As body fat increases,leptin levels decrease but the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,increases.
C)As body fat increases,leptin levels increase,but the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,decreases.
D)As body fat increases,leptin levels increase,and the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,also increases.
Question
Which gut peptide suppresses food intake and stimulates the release of insulin?

A)The incretin PYY
B)The incretin GLP-1.
C)The gastric hormone ghrelin.
D)CCK.
Question
Scientists were interested in determining whether there is a relationship between cancer and BMI.So they recorded the BMI of over 100,000 cancer-free people and then tracked them for 15 years.The results are shown below: BMI < 25 Relative risk = 1.0
BMI 25-29.9 Relative risk = 1.3
BMI >30 Relative risk =1.7
Which statement best describes the experiment and its results?

A)It is an observational study that suggests that cancer risk increases as body weight increases.
B)It is an intervention trial that suggests that cancer risk increases as body weight increases.
C)It is an observational study that suggests that cancer risk decreases as body weight increases.
D)It is an intervention trial that suggests that cancer risk decreases as body weight increases.
Question
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A waist measurement greater than 40 cm in men indicates a health risk.
B)The distribution of fat in a person is determined primarily by exercise habits.
C)A waist measurement greater than 35 cm in women indicates a health risk.
D)Visceral fat storage is more common in men than in women.
Question
A study in which identical twins were subjected to a weight loss diet in a well-monitored setting was conducted.Which results would be consistent with the amount of weight loss being genetically determined?

A)Within each set of twins the amount of weight lost would be very similar,but there would be a wide range of weight loss between sets of twins.
B)Both within each set of twins and between sets of twins there would be a lot of variation in weight loss.
C)Sets of twins with a high level of visceral fat would experience less weight loss then sets of twins with subcutaneous fat.
D)Sets of twins with obese parents would experience more weight loss then sets of twins with lean parents.
Question
The distribution of fat in the body can be an indicator of health risk.Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of heart disease,diabetes,and stroke?

A)subcutaneous fat deposited in the hips
B)visceral fat deposited around the waist
C)subcutaneous fat deposited in the thighs
D)a pear-shaped body
Question
Which is NOT related to long term healthy weight loss?

A)increased physical activity.
B)adoption of lifelong changes in eating habits.
C)eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more energy.
D)moderate portion sizes.
Question
Which statement about weight loss is TRUE?

A)All individuals with a BMI over 25 should lose weight.
B)Weight should be lost as quickly as possible.
C)Most people can reduce health risks with a 5%-10% weight loss.
D)The health benefits of weight loss do not begin to accrue until normal weight is achieved.
Question
"A hamburger in a fast food restaurant has increased in size over the last 40 years." What is being described?

A)portion distortion
B)caloric restriction
C)leptogenic environment
D)impact of advertising on food choice
Question
When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time,what is likely to develop?

A)diabetes
B)hepatitis
C)hyperglycemia
D)ketosis
Question
What is the main problem associated with weight loss diets based on prepared meals and drinks?

A)eating habits are not changed.
B)the foods are available by prescription only.
C)no other food can be eaten alongside them.
D)They can be expensive..
Question
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an obesogenic environment?

A)A public health campaign encouraging people to use stairs
B)Fast food restaurants serving large portion sizes
C)Jobs that require sitting most of the day.
D)Cutbacks to physical education programs in schools.
Question
Which is NOT a characteristic of a low-fat diet?

A)The selection of low calorie foods
B)Ad libitum eating of low-fat foods
C)Small reductions in weight
D)The possibility for overeating to occur
Question
Which strategy is LEAST likely to help Canadians become thinner?

A)improve food choices
B)reduce serving sizes
C)increase physical activity
D)sleep 12 hours per night
Question
In order to determine whether an individual should begin a weight management program what should be accessed?

A)BMI only
B)BMI and waist circumference
C)body weight
D)eating and mood disorders
Question
What is the main problem associated with very low kcalorie-diets?

A)Initial weight loss is due to fat loss but then reverts to water loss
B)They promote adaptive mechanisms that reduce energy expenditure making continuing weight loss difficult
C)They dangerously increase metabolic rates
D)They promote sodium excretion
Question
When selecting a weight loss program for long-term weight loss,which is the LEAST important consideration?

A)Does the program require purchase of special foods?
B)Does the program offer social support?
C)Does the program incorporate and encourage physical activity?
D)Is there a book available which explains the diet?
Question
What is a common outcome of "yo-yo" dieting,or a pattern of losing and gaining weight?

A)a decrease in the likelihood that future weight loss efforts will be successful
B)malnutrition
C)improved self-esteem
D)a redistribution of subcutaneous fat in the body
Question
Ryan would like to lose some weight.His energy needs are 2,400 kcal/day.If he eats about 1,900 kcalories every day,in four weeks approximately how much weight will Ryan have lost due to changes in his diet? Assume 0.5 kg fat = 3500 kcal.

A)1 kg
B)2 kg
C)4 kg
D)6kg
Question
Which is an example of an initiative to reduce the obesogenic environment?

A)Fast food outlets near high schools
B)Convenience stores open 24 hours,7 days a week.
C)Buildings with staircases that are visually appealing and centrally-located.
D)Parking regulations that aid the smooth flow of traffic through neighbourhoods
Question
For people who want to gain weight,which of the following is NOT a recommendation?

A)eat more frequently
B)drink more milk and fruit juices
C)exercise
D)eat more low-fat,bulky foods
Question
Which of the following does NOT help to explain why Canadians are now eating more kcal than 30 years ago?

A)Appetite is often triggered by food advertisements and the easy accessibility of foods.
B)Average portion sizes have increased in homes and restaurants.
C)People tend to eat in units regardless of the size of the unit.
D)Canadian's genes are making them hungrier.
Question
In order to lose fat and spare lean tissue,what is the recommended rate of weight loss?

A)0.5 to 1 kg/week
B)1 to 2 kg/week
C)2 to 4 kg/week
D)as much as possible
Question
Which of the following is NOT a comorbidity for obesity?

A)high blood pressure
B)gallbladder disease
C)low blood cholesterol
D)cancer
Question
Which of the following statements regarding Canadians and exercise is FALSE?

A)Canadians are eating more and expending less energy at home and work.
B)Canadians are working less and have more leisure time for physical activity.
C)People drive to work rather than walk or bike,reducing energy expenditure.
D)People tend to use elevators more than stairs.
Question
Which is a strategy that gradually and permanently changes habitual behaviours?

A)weight-cycling.
B)yo-yo dieting.
C)cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)pharmacotherapy
Unlock Deck
Sign up to unlock the cards in this deck!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/89
auto play flashcards
Play
simple tutorial
Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Management
1
The energy (kcalories)provided by one gram each of protein,fat,carbohydrate,and alcohol is:

A)Protein - 9;Fat - 9;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 4.
B)Protein - 4;Fat - 4;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 9.
C)Protein - 7;Fat - 4;Carbohydrate - 9;Alcohol - 4.
D)Protein - 4;Fat - 9;Carbohydrate - 4;Alcohol - 7.
D
2
Which statement best distinguishes between basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate?

A)There is no difference between them.
B)The basal metabolic rate is lower than the resting metabolic rate.
C)The resting metabolic rate is higher because it includes the thermic effect of food.
D)Basal metabolic rate is more accurate because it is unaffected by the temperature of the environment,while the resting metabolic rate is temperature-sensitive.
B
3
"Obesity is on the rise in almost all countries of the world." What is being described?

A)Life expectancy
B)Morbidity
C)Lifestyle transition
D)Globesity
D
4
Which statement best describes fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the fasting state?

A)Muscle proteins and glycogen are converted to glucose;adipose tissue releases fatty acids into the blood.
B)Muscle proteins are converted to glucose,while glycogen remains in the liver,unmetabolized.Adipose tissue releases fatty acids.
C)There is no carbohydrate metabolism in the fasting state;instead adipose tissue releases fatty acids and ketone bodies as sources of energy.
D)Muscle proteins and glycogen are converted to fatty acids;adipose tissue converts glycerol into glucose.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
Why is obesity a public health concern in Canada?

A)It does not affect children,but has a substantial impact on the health of Canadian adults.
B)It is caused by Canadians eating and exercise less than recommended.
C)It increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type-2-diabetes,cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer.
D)It has risen in Canada faster than other countries in the world.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
What is the function of a bomb calorimeter?

A)It determines how many kcalories are spent when performing a specific exercise.
B)It is a way to "burn off" excess kcalories.
C)It determines the number of kcalories in a particular food.
D)It calculates a person's set point.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Which statement about obesity is TRUE?

A)Obesity rates have remained constant over the last 15 years.
B)Obesity is defined as having a BMI over 25.
C)Obesity rates are constant across racial and ethnic groups.
D)Obesity is defined as having a BMI over 30.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
If a serving of tuna contains 1 gram fat,0 carbohydrates,and contains 69 kcalories,how many grams of protein are in one serving?

A)15
B)30
C)44
D)60
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
What piece of equipment is used to determine the energy content of a food?

A)a bomb calorimeter.
B)calipers.
C)a scale.
D)underwater weighing.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
What are the major components of energy expenditure?

A)BMR,energy consumption,and protein metabolism.
B)BMR,physical activity,and TEF.
C)BMR,resting,and TEF.
D)physical activity,sleeping,and eating.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
What is TEF?

A)energy used to maintain the function of vital organs at rest.
B)energy stored in adipose tissue
C)thermal energy from food
D)energy expended to digest,absorb,and metabolize nutrients
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
What is the total energy content of a serving of granola that contains 7 grams of fat,40 grams of carbohydrate,and 4 grams of protein?

A)51 kcalories
B)145 kcalories
C)176 kcalories
D)239 kcalories
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Carbohydrates,fats,and proteins are typically converted to what intermediate,when metabolized to provide energy?

A)pyruvate.
B)acetyl CoA.
C)ammonia.
D)glycerol.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
What best helps to maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals?

A)The mobilization of fat stores to make glucose.
B)The breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C)The digestion of starch to produce glucose.
D)The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
With respect to diet-induced thermogenesis,dietary fat has a lower metabolic cost than protein.What does this mean?

A)It requires more energy to oxidize or store dietary fat than protein.
B)Fat metabolism generates more toxic metabolic wastes than protein metabolism.
C)It requires less energy to oxidize and store dietary fat than protein.
D)Fat metabolism generates less toxic metabolic wastes than protein metabolism.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A)aging past 70
B)increase in muscle mass
C)increase in body weight
D)running a fever
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
As macronutrients are metabolized,high energy electrons are released at various metabolic steps.This energy is used to synthesize what compound?

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide.
C)ATP.
D)oxygen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
What are the two major energy-storing compounds of the body?

A)glycogen;triglycerides.
B)glucose;triglycerides.
C)muscle;glycogen.
D)protein;glucose.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
To determine how many kcalories are in a food item,the food undergoes combustion in a chamber surrounded by water.Which factor must be determined in order to establish the energy content of that food item?

A)change in temperature of the water surrounding the chamber
B)density of water surrounding the chamber
C)surface area of the food item
D)volume of the food item
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Most body fat is stored in which cells?

A)adipocytes.
B)beta-cells.
C)red blood cells
D)leptin cells.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
A volunteer consumes water containing isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen.What is being measured?

A)resting metabolic rate in a laboratory.
B)the amount of heat produced by the body.
C)the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide exhaled into a specially designed mask placed over the face.
D)energy expenditure while the volunteer engages in normal day-to-day activities
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
Which technique of measuring energy expenditure measures the amount of heat given off by the body?

A)direct calorimetry
B)indirect calorimetry
C)doubly-labelled water
D)bomb calorimetry
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Which is NOT a consequence of childhood obesity?

A)weight stigmatization
B)increased risk of type-2-diabetes
C)decreased risk of gall bladder disease
D)increased blood pressure
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Which method to measure body composition directs a low-energy electrical current through the body?

A)BMI
B)bioelectric impedance
C)skinfold thickness
D)underwater weighing
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
In order to calculate a person's body mass index (BMI),what information about the person must be known?

A)height and weight
B)lean body mass and weight
C)lean body mass and fat stores
D)waist circumference and height
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
Consider the following: PERSON A: weight 60 kg & height: 165 cm
PERSON B: weight 60 kg & height: 170 cm
Which statement about BMI is correct?

A)Person A has a lower BMI than person B.
B)Person B has a lower BMI than person A.
C)More information is needed to calculate BMI than just height and weight.
D)BMI is unchanged because both person A & B have the same weight.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Why is being too lean associated with an increased risk of early death?

A)Body fat is needed for protein synthesis.
B)Body fat is needed for fertility.
C)Body fat provides an energy reserve during illness.
D)Body fat is needed to prevent overnutrition.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
For which of the following would the recommended energy intake,per unit of body weight,be the lowest?

A)2-month-old infant
B)80-year-old female
C)26-year-old woman,in third trimester of pregnancy
D)15-year-old male
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
"Cardiovascular disease is more likely when body weight is elevated." What is being described?

A)comorbidity
B)a consequence of low serum triglycerides
C)a consequence of low LDL cholesterol
D)thermogenesis
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Which of the following statements regarding the use of skinfold thickness measurements to estimate body composition is FALSE?

A)Measurements tend to be more accurate in normal-weight individuals compared to obese individuals.
B)Although fairly accurate,obtaining skinfold measurements is a relatively expensive method of measurement.
C)It is assumed that the subcutaneous fat,which is measured with calipers,is representative of total body fat.
D)The accuracy of body composition is dependent upon the skill of the person using the skinfold calipers.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
Which method most accurately determines the amount of visceral fat?

A)radiologic methods.
B)dilution methods.
C)skinfold thickness.
D)underwater weighing.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
What does skinfold thickness measure?

A)subcutaneous fat.
B)visceral fat.
C)total fat.
D)body density.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Which statement about BMI is TRUE?

A)A BMI of 16-22 is defined as a healthy body weight.
B)BMI is an excellent tool for predicting health risks for every body type.
C)A BMI of 22-28 is obese.
D)A BMI over 30 is considered obese.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
In order to estimate energy expenditure,what is measured during indirect calorimetry?

A)food consumed;heat produced
B)food consumed;water excreted
C)oxygen consumed;carbon dioxide expired
D)oxygen consumed;sweat produced
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
Which is not a typical consequence of weight stigmatization?

A)Depression
B)Positive self-image
C)Social isolation
D)Suicidal thoughts
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Which statement best describes why doubly-labelled water is the preferred method for measuring energy expenditure?

A)it involves the use of isotopes
B)it only requires the individual to remain in a closed chamber for one day
C)it does not restrict day-to-day living
D)it allows for the separate measurement of BMR and energy expenditure due to exercise
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
As people age,which factor can result in an increase in body weight?

A)a decrease in BMR.
B)a decrease in food intake.
C)an increase in exercise.
D)an increase in BMR.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Which of the following statements regarding the disadvantages of using BMI as a means of assessing risk of chronic disease is TRUE?

A)Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI.
B)The BMI uses measurements which are cumbersome to obtain.
C)Calculating BMI is relatively expensive.
D)BMI calculations for men and women require different formulas.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
According to BMI criteria,an individual with a BMI of 22 would fall into which weight category?

A)underweight.
B)healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
An individual does not participate in any other physical activity except that required for day-to-day.Which term best describes this individual?

A)sedentary.
B)low active.
C)active.
D)very active.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
"Malnourished mothers give birth to small babies.If these babies are exposed to an environment,after birth,where food is plentiful their risk of becoming obese is greater than that of normal-sized babies." What is being described?

A)Fetal programming
B)Developmental origins of health and disease
C)Impact of the environment in utero to influence future health
D)All of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
What is the stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues?

A)appetite.
B)hunger.
C)behavioral modification.
D)satiety.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
"Bones,muscles,and all tissue except adipose tissue." What is being described?

A)A component of the body that tends to decrease in size with aging.
B)A component of the body that tends to increase in size with starvation.
C)A component of the body that tends to increase in size with exercise.
D)Both (a)and (c)
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
Which hormone,produced by adipocytes,functions to maintain the amount of fat in the body at a constant or stable level?

A)ephinephrine
B)leptin.
C)hormone-sensitive lipase
D)insulin.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
After eating a large dinner,we feel full and satisfied.Which term describes this feeling?

A)appetite suppression.
B)caloric equilibrium.
C)energy balance.
D)satiety.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
What is the effect of brown adipose on a person's tendency to gain weight?

A)the tendency to gain weight is reduced because energy expenditure increases
B)the tendency to gain weight is increased because energy expenditure increases
C)the tendency to gain weight is unchanged
D)the tendency to gain weight is reduced because energy expenditure decreases
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
What is the relationship between gut microflora and body weight?

A)A person with gut microflora that efficiently converts dietary fibre into short chain fatty acids will be predisposed to weight loss.
B)A person with gut microflora that efficiently converts dietary fibre into short chain fatty acids will be predisposed to weight gain.
C)There is no relationship between body weight and gut microflora,
D)A person with gut microflora that slows intestinal motility will be predisposed to weight loss.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
For many years,Erin's weight has been stable at approximately 60 kgm.How would this weight be described?

A)Erin's maintenance level
B)Erin's set point.
C)A trigger point.
D)Short-term regulation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
What is the change in energy expenditure induced by changes in ambient temperature and food intake?

A)adaptive thermogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)physical activity factor.
D)non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
Which region of the brain regulates long-term food intake and energy expenditure?

A)cerebellum
B)cortex
C)frontal lobe
D)hypothalamus
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
Which statement about the relationship of obesity to thrifty metabolism is FALSE?

A)Thrifty metabolism would result in lower energy expenditure.
B)Thrifty metabolism would result in higher energy expenditure.
C)Thrifty metabolism is a reasonable adaptation to starvation
D)Thrifty metabolism means less energy would be lost as heat.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that increases energy expenditure?

A)Increased heat production
B)Decreased futile cycling
C)Increased leptin levels
D)Decreased leptin resistance
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
Which statement about obesity genes is FALSE?

A)Abnormal obesity genes can result in abnormal amounts of body fat.
B)Obesity genes code for proteins.
C)Obesity genes are the main culprit behind rising levels of obesity.
D)Obesity genes regulate food intake,energy expenditure,or the deposition of body fat.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
Which hormone,produced in the stomach,stimulates food intake?

A)ghrelin.
B)serotonin.
C)peptide PYY.
D)cholecystokinin.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
Which statement best describes leptin resistance?

A)As body fat increases,leptin levels decrease and the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,also decreases.
B)As body fat increases,leptin levels decrease but the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,increases.
C)As body fat increases,leptin levels increase,but the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,decreases.
D)As body fat increases,leptin levels increase,and the responsiveness,to leptin's signal to decrease food intake,also increases.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
Which gut peptide suppresses food intake and stimulates the release of insulin?

A)The incretin PYY
B)The incretin GLP-1.
C)The gastric hormone ghrelin.
D)CCK.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Scientists were interested in determining whether there is a relationship between cancer and BMI.So they recorded the BMI of over 100,000 cancer-free people and then tracked them for 15 years.The results are shown below: BMI < 25 Relative risk = 1.0
BMI 25-29.9 Relative risk = 1.3
BMI >30 Relative risk =1.7
Which statement best describes the experiment and its results?

A)It is an observational study that suggests that cancer risk increases as body weight increases.
B)It is an intervention trial that suggests that cancer risk increases as body weight increases.
C)It is an observational study that suggests that cancer risk decreases as body weight increases.
D)It is an intervention trial that suggests that cancer risk decreases as body weight increases.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A waist measurement greater than 40 cm in men indicates a health risk.
B)The distribution of fat in a person is determined primarily by exercise habits.
C)A waist measurement greater than 35 cm in women indicates a health risk.
D)Visceral fat storage is more common in men than in women.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
59
A study in which identical twins were subjected to a weight loss diet in a well-monitored setting was conducted.Which results would be consistent with the amount of weight loss being genetically determined?

A)Within each set of twins the amount of weight lost would be very similar,but there would be a wide range of weight loss between sets of twins.
B)Both within each set of twins and between sets of twins there would be a lot of variation in weight loss.
C)Sets of twins with a high level of visceral fat would experience less weight loss then sets of twins with subcutaneous fat.
D)Sets of twins with obese parents would experience more weight loss then sets of twins with lean parents.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
60
The distribution of fat in the body can be an indicator of health risk.Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of heart disease,diabetes,and stroke?

A)subcutaneous fat deposited in the hips
B)visceral fat deposited around the waist
C)subcutaneous fat deposited in the thighs
D)a pear-shaped body
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
61
Which is NOT related to long term healthy weight loss?

A)increased physical activity.
B)adoption of lifelong changes in eating habits.
C)eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more energy.
D)moderate portion sizes.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
62
Which statement about weight loss is TRUE?

A)All individuals with a BMI over 25 should lose weight.
B)Weight should be lost as quickly as possible.
C)Most people can reduce health risks with a 5%-10% weight loss.
D)The health benefits of weight loss do not begin to accrue until normal weight is achieved.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
63
"A hamburger in a fast food restaurant has increased in size over the last 40 years." What is being described?

A)portion distortion
B)caloric restriction
C)leptogenic environment
D)impact of advertising on food choice
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time,what is likely to develop?

A)diabetes
B)hepatitis
C)hyperglycemia
D)ketosis
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
65
What is the main problem associated with weight loss diets based on prepared meals and drinks?

A)eating habits are not changed.
B)the foods are available by prescription only.
C)no other food can be eaten alongside them.
D)They can be expensive..
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
66
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an obesogenic environment?

A)A public health campaign encouraging people to use stairs
B)Fast food restaurants serving large portion sizes
C)Jobs that require sitting most of the day.
D)Cutbacks to physical education programs in schools.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Which is NOT a characteristic of a low-fat diet?

A)The selection of low calorie foods
B)Ad libitum eating of low-fat foods
C)Small reductions in weight
D)The possibility for overeating to occur
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
68
Which strategy is LEAST likely to help Canadians become thinner?

A)improve food choices
B)reduce serving sizes
C)increase physical activity
D)sleep 12 hours per night
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
69
In order to determine whether an individual should begin a weight management program what should be accessed?

A)BMI only
B)BMI and waist circumference
C)body weight
D)eating and mood disorders
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
70
What is the main problem associated with very low kcalorie-diets?

A)Initial weight loss is due to fat loss but then reverts to water loss
B)They promote adaptive mechanisms that reduce energy expenditure making continuing weight loss difficult
C)They dangerously increase metabolic rates
D)They promote sodium excretion
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
71
When selecting a weight loss program for long-term weight loss,which is the LEAST important consideration?

A)Does the program require purchase of special foods?
B)Does the program offer social support?
C)Does the program incorporate and encourage physical activity?
D)Is there a book available which explains the diet?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
72
What is a common outcome of "yo-yo" dieting,or a pattern of losing and gaining weight?

A)a decrease in the likelihood that future weight loss efforts will be successful
B)malnutrition
C)improved self-esteem
D)a redistribution of subcutaneous fat in the body
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
73
Ryan would like to lose some weight.His energy needs are 2,400 kcal/day.If he eats about 1,900 kcalories every day,in four weeks approximately how much weight will Ryan have lost due to changes in his diet? Assume 0.5 kg fat = 3500 kcal.

A)1 kg
B)2 kg
C)4 kg
D)6kg
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
74
Which is an example of an initiative to reduce the obesogenic environment?

A)Fast food outlets near high schools
B)Convenience stores open 24 hours,7 days a week.
C)Buildings with staircases that are visually appealing and centrally-located.
D)Parking regulations that aid the smooth flow of traffic through neighbourhoods
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
75
For people who want to gain weight,which of the following is NOT a recommendation?

A)eat more frequently
B)drink more milk and fruit juices
C)exercise
D)eat more low-fat,bulky foods
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
76
Which of the following does NOT help to explain why Canadians are now eating more kcal than 30 years ago?

A)Appetite is often triggered by food advertisements and the easy accessibility of foods.
B)Average portion sizes have increased in homes and restaurants.
C)People tend to eat in units regardless of the size of the unit.
D)Canadian's genes are making them hungrier.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
77
In order to lose fat and spare lean tissue,what is the recommended rate of weight loss?

A)0.5 to 1 kg/week
B)1 to 2 kg/week
C)2 to 4 kg/week
D)as much as possible
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
78
Which of the following is NOT a comorbidity for obesity?

A)high blood pressure
B)gallbladder disease
C)low blood cholesterol
D)cancer
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
79
Which of the following statements regarding Canadians and exercise is FALSE?

A)Canadians are eating more and expending less energy at home and work.
B)Canadians are working less and have more leisure time for physical activity.
C)People drive to work rather than walk or bike,reducing energy expenditure.
D)People tend to use elevators more than stairs.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
80
Which is a strategy that gradually and permanently changes habitual behaviours?

A)weight-cycling.
B)yo-yo dieting.
C)cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)pharmacotherapy
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 89 flashcards in this deck.