Deck 15: Therapies

Question 1

Psychoanalysts attempt to eliminate self-defeating behaviors by:

A) convincing the client of the inappropriateness of the behaviors.
B) paraphrasing the client's statements and asking for clarification.
C) training the client in social skills.
D) bringing unconscious material to consciousness.

Answer 1

bringing unconscious material to consciousness.

Question 2

Which of the following concepts is essential to the definition of psychotherapy?

A) genuine concern
B) severe disturbance
C) professional training
D) psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

professional training

Question 3

Your psychotherapist asks you to "free associate." What are you being asked to do?

A) You are being asked to concentrate on relaxing as your therapist presents you with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B) You are being asked to completely empty your mind of all thoughts.
C) You are being asked to just "talk" in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say.
D) You are being asked to recall everything you can about traumatic childhood events.

Answer 3

You are being asked to just "talk" in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say.

Question 4

Therapist A recently read about an experimental technique for treating eating disorders.Because she is currently treating a client with an eating disorder,Therapist A tells her client that she is going to modify her treatment and begin using the new therapy.What ethical principle could the therapist be violating?

A) She did not fully inform her client that she was switching techniques.
B) She is using her power to influence the client.
C) The therapist is not qualified to use this experimental technique.
D) The therapist is not using the best technique available.

Question 5

Free association is:

A) the initial "ice-breaking" exercise used in group therapy.
B) a form of resistance in the psychoanalytic process.
C) a strategy for getting past the ego's security system.
D) a form of dream interpretation.

Question 6

Psychotherapy does NOT include:

A) family therapy.
B) drug therapy.
C) dream interpretation.
D) social skills training.

Question 7

Which perspective views abnormal behavior as the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts?

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) social learning
D) biological

Question 8

Dr.Frazier serves on the admissions committee at a local college,and also sees clients in her outpatient private practice for psychotherapy.During an admissions meeting with her colleagues,Dr.Frazier notices that one of her clients from the practice has applied for the school program.Dr.Frazier is concerned that this person would be an irresponsible student and shares this opinion with the committee.What ethical principle has Dr.Frazier violated?

A) She violated the client's confidentiality by revealing to her colleagues that the applicant is being seen in therapy.
B) She disregarded the client's goal of being able to attend college.
C) She violated confidentiality in sharing that the client was "irresponsible," but was within ethical guidelines in acknowledging the client's participation in therapy.
D) Dr.Frazier did not violate any ethical standards.

Question 9

Psychotherapy is defined in your text as a process in which:

A) a professional uses psychological methods to help with psychological problems.
B) mental illnesses are cured.
C) one individual gives guidance to another individual to help them cope with life's problems.
D) people take personal initiative in overcoming major psychological problems.

Question 10

Dr.Rendleman believes that abnormal behavior is the result of faulty learning that has been reinforced.Which view of psychology does Dr.Rendleman support?

A) psychoanalytic perspective
B) biological perspective
C) social learning perspective
D) humanistic perspective

Question 11

In psychotherapy,what is the purpose of free association?

A) It will improve the client's interpersonal relationships.
B) It will uncouple an automatic fear response from a particular stimulus.
C) It will relax the ego's censorship of unconscious conflicts.
D) It will uncover irrational thought patterns that interfere with healthy functioning.

Question 12

In the process of behavior therapy,the therapist views his or her role as that of:

A) teacher.
B) sounding board.
C) catalyst.
D) insight provider.

Question 13

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to:

A) persuade clients to abandon their irrational,misery-inducing beliefs.
B) provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts.
C) train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors.
D) demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical guidelines established by the APA and the ABT?

A) The therapist must discuss with the client any alternative treatment options.
B) If the client has ethnic issues that the therapist does not understand,the therapist must refer the client to a therapist who can be more beneficial.
C) If the client and therapist are interested in each other romantically,the therapist must terminate therapy prior to pursuing the relationship.
D) If a therapist wishes to share information about a client,the therapist needs the client's written permission.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical principles established by the APA and the ABT?

A) Therapists have a right to maintain personal biases regarding moral issues,as well as persuade their clients to change their beliefs accordingly.
B) Under no circumstances should a client-therapist romance be initiated.
C) If a problem is beyond one's expertise,the therapist must refer the client to another therapist.
D) Therapists must inform authorities if a client makes a serious threat against his or her family members.

Question 16

Which of the following BEST fits the definition of psychotherapy?

A) getting effective advice for making major life decisions
B) talking about one's problems with an objective listener
C) participating in a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous
D) seeking professional help to manage a psychological problem

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical principles established by the APA and the ABT?

A) Use the best technique available.
B) Evaluate the client's progress.
C) Inform the client of the specific goals of therapy.
D) Keep all statements made by clients confidential,without exception.

Question 18

Of the following,which is the BEST example of psychotherapy?

A) You are given a prescription of Prozac to address your depression.
B) You receive electroconvulsive therapy to lift your depression.
C) You share all your concerns and worries with a trusted friend.
D) You are accompanied by a therapist as you progressively get closer and closer to the edge of a tall balcony in an attempt to rid yourself of a fear of heights.

Question 19

According to your text,ethics are especially important in psychotherapy because:

A) clients have the legal right to sue for unethical conduct.
B) the therapist is in a position of power relative to the client that can be easily abused.
C) modeling ethical conduct is part of the therapeutic process and can improve a client's psychological functioning.
D) establishing trust is essential in getting a client to open up.

Question 20

According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy,which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

A) point out inconsistencies in the patient's thoughts and behaviors
B) encourage the patient to transfer their negative feelings to a more appropriate alternative
C) create an atmosphere that is so emotionally safe that clients will feel free to express the feelings they have denied awareness
D) interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind to the patient

Question 21

Of the following therapists,who is LEAST likely to offer insights,interpretations,or advice?

A) a cognitive therapist
B) a Gestalt therapist
C) a client-centered therapist
D) a psychoanalyst

Question 22

In psychoanalytic theory,what is "transferred" during transference?

A) memories of painful childhood events
B) the direction of one's sexual energy
C) one's behavior and feelings toward other adults
D) the content of one's dreams

Question 23

Your therapist has recommended brief psychotherapy that will focus on (1)helping you to express your feelings to others in constructive ways, (2)identifying the healthy and unhealthy relationships in your life,and (3)helping you develop skills for creating and maintaining healthy new relationships.Your therapist is using techniques associated with:

A) psychoanalysis.
B) cognitive-behavior therapy.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) interpersonal therapy.

Question 24

In psychoanalysis,dreams are valued because they:

A) provide clues to unconscious desires in symbolized form.
B) reveal irrational thought patterns that need to be changed.
C) are the literal expression of the client's conflicts.
D) are so sexual in content.

Question 25

How are psychoanalysis and humanistic psychotherapy alike?

A) They both use dream interpretation as a technique.
B) They both believe that therapy should bring feelings into conscious awareness.
C) They both involve the therapist infusing their judgment about the client's underlying problems and proposed solutions.
D) They both believe that repressed sexual motives are at the root of emotional disturbance.

Question 26

Which method of psychotherapy relies on the interpretation of dreams,transference,stray remarks,and resistance?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) psychoanalysis

Question 27

To date,interpersonal therapy has been demonstrated to be effective for:

A) anxiety disorders.
B) depression.
C) addictions.
D) personality disorders.

Question 28

Reflection is used to the greatest extent by psychotherapists who use which of the following approaches?

A) interpersonal psychotherapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) client-centered psychotherapy
D) Gestalt psychotherapy

Question 29

Your therapist is listening to you make the following statement,"I am so irritated with my sister.She constantly feels the need to interfere in my life and always tells me that I'm not capable." Your therapist replies,"It sounds like your sister makes you feel angry?" You reply,"Not angry,exactly ...she makes me feel worthless ...like an insignificant bug." Your therapist responds,"So you feel small and insignificant,like maybe you're almost not worth considering ..." This brief exchange is MOST similar to:

A) psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.
C) client-centered psychotherapy.
D) Gestalt psychotherapy.

Question 30

Interpersonal psychotherapy emerged from the theories of:

A) Karen Horney.
B) Harry Stack Sullivan.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Fritz Perls.

Question 31

When a client begins to treat the therapist as a parent,____________ is occurring.

A) projection
B) transference
C) resistance
D) displacement

Question 32

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy,interpersonal therapy focuses on:

A) early childhood experiences.
B) unconscious motivations that drive behavior.
C) the here and now.
D) unconscious sexual motives and their impact on current relationships.

Question 33

The point of catharsis is to:

A) increase client insight.
B) teach coping skills.
C) provide temporary relief from discomfort.
D) create an atmosphere of acceptance.

Question 34

Catharsis is a term used to describe the:

A) client's resistance to the therapist's suggestions.
B) client's transfer of parental conflicts onto the therapist.
C) venting of pent-up emotions.
D) process of redirecting unacceptable motives into a socially acceptable form.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods used in traditional psychoanalysis?

A) interpretation of transference
B) free association
C) dream analysis
D) reflective listening

Question 36

The process of repeating back to the client the emotions in their statements in an attempt to help clients clarify their feelings is referred to as:

A) transference.
B) reflection.
C) catharsis.
D) magnification.

Question 37

Client-centered therapy attempts to bring suppressed thought to conscious awareness by:

A) providing a safe atmosphere for self-expression.
B) interpreting dreams,resistance,and transference.
C) pointing out inconsistencies in the client's statements.
D) asking a series of questions designed to lead to a particular insight.

Question 38

Of the following,which is the BEST description of the psychoanalytic notion of resistance?

A) avoidance
B) catharsis
C) lack of motivation
D) emotional outbursts

Question 39

Unlike other approaches to psychotherapy,the goal of client-centered therapy is to:

A) model healthy attitudes and skills.
B) point out a client's inappropriate behavior.
C) teach clients how to interpret the meaning behind their actions.
D) allow clients to help themselves.

Question 40

In psychoanalytic theory,transference is used to describe:

A) the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals.
B) the phenomenon in which the patient comes to relate to the therapist in ways that resemble her or his other relationships.
C) efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions.
D) the repression of painful memories from conscious awareness.

Question 41

Louis has a fear of elevators.His therapist accompanies him through a series of gradually increasingly more fearful situations.They begin by simply entering a building with an elevator.Eventually,they are able to spend time on a stationary elevator.Eventually,Louis is able to ride on an elevator all the way to the top of a 30-story building.Louis's therapist uses a ____________ approach to psychotherapy and has used a technique known as ____________.

A) client-centered;free association
B) cognitive-behavioral;graded exposure
C) client-centered;progressive relaxation
D) cognitive-behavioral;role playing

Question 42

The goal of graded exposure is to ____________ the fear response.

A) identify
B) punish
C) shock
D) extinguish

Question 43

Cognitive restructuring rests on the assumption that abnormal behavior is caused by:

A) inconsistencies between thoughts and behavior.
B) unconscious conflicts.
C) maladaptive thoughts,beliefs,and expectations.
D) inappropriate learning experiences.

Question 44

Which technique is a vital part of social skills training?

A) interpretation of personal behaviors
B) graded exposure
C) role-playing
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 45

Gestalt therapists believe that:

A) therapy should create an emotionally nonthreatening environment through warmth and unconditional acceptance.
B) if you teach more adaptive behaviors,self-awareness will follow.
C) therapists should be nondirective in order to prevent client dependence.
D) it is appropriate to upset your clients if it gets them to face reality.

Question 46

Cognitive-behavior therapy attempts to produce change by:

A) bringing the unconscious to consciousness.
B) helping clients unlearn and then relearn specific behaviors.
C) helping clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
D) asking clients to give up irrational beliefs.

Question 47

Cognitive-behavior therapists believe that the main element needed to eliminate a phobia is:

A) unconditional regard.
B) assertiveness training.
C) exposure.
D) cognitive talk.

Question 48

Cognitive-behavioral therapists use which of the following to help people with social deficiencies?

A) social skills training
B) graded exposure
C) free association
D) reflective listening

Question 49

Dr.Patterson says little to her depressed client.Instead,she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems.Dr.Patterson is practicing:

A) client-centered psychotherapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.
C) interpersonal psychotherapy.
D) Gestalt psychotherapy.

Question 50

Maladaptive beliefs,expectations,and ways of thinking are addressed in:

A) free association.
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) cognitive restructuring.
D) interpersonal therapy.

Question 51

A key element necessary for the success of social skills training is:

A) insight.
B) rehearsal.
C) exposure.
D) reflective listening.

Question 52

Compared to client-centered therapy,Gestalt therapy tends to be more:

A) behavior-focused.
B) confrontational.
C) emotion-focused.
D) warm and accepting.

Question 53

Francine's therapist says,"You say you like to be with your father,yet every time he calls,you're too busy to see him.Also,whenever your mother calls,you seem to have plenty of time for her.Does this make sense to you? What's do you think is really going on?" Which type of therapist is MOST likely to make such a statement?

A) a behavioral therapist
B) a client-centered therapist
C) a psychoanalyst
D) a Gestalt therapist

Question 54

Cognitive-behavioral therapists play the role of:

A) confidant.
B) teacher.
C) empathic listener.
D) interpreter.

Question 55

Of the following,which technique is a vital part of social skills training?

A) reinforcement
B) challenging irrational beliefs
C) transference
D) providing insight

Question 56

Gestalt psychotherapy based on which approach?

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
B) interpersonal therapy.
C) humanistic therapy.
D) psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 57

Cognitive-behavior therapists believe that abnormal behavior arises when:

A) the behavior is learned and reinforced.
B) unconscious conflicts are repressed.
C) faulty thinking becomes automatic and unchallenged.
D) feelings are denied awareness.

Question 58

The primary technique used in cognitive restructuring is to:

A) gradually expose clients to feared stimuli while teaching relaxation.
B) point out irrational ways of thinking.
C) uncover troubling childhood events.
D) provide an atmosphere where clients feel comfortable enough to solve their own problems.

Question 59

In client-centered therapy,the therapist's main responsibility is to provide:

A) an interpretation of the client's thoughts and feelings.
B) unconditional positive acceptance.
C) suggestions for how to lead a happier life.
D) insight into a client's inappropriate personal beliefs.

Question 60

Which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral therapy method in which therapists attempt to change faulty cognitions by pointing out their irrationality?

A) cognitive restructuring
B) Gestalt psychotherapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) social skills training

Question 61

A great deal of research has supported the effectiveness of which of the following therapies for the treatment of anxiety and depression?

A) psychoanalysis
B) social skills training
C) cognitive restructuring
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 62

Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck used the phrase "selective abstraction" to refer to:

A) taking things out of context.
B) exaggeration.
C) leaping to conclusions without evidence.
D) taking everything personally.

Question 63

Relating external events to yourself when there is no logical reason for doing so is considered to be which of the following by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck?

A) personalization
B) overgeneralization
C) arbitrary inference
D) selective abstraction

Question 64

Your psychotherapist informs you that you have many irrational thoughts with no logical basis.She begins to challenge those thoughts by questioning you each time you use them.Which school of psychology does your psychotherapist support?

A) the psychoanalytic school
B) the humanistic school
C) the cognitive-behavioral school
D) the feminist school

Question 65

Jack brings Jill flowers for no special occasion.Jill says,"Okay,what did you do wrong?" Jill's assumption that Jack's flowers are not a positive thing is an example of which of the following patterns of thinking?

A) minimization
B) selective abstraction
C) absolutistic thinking
D) arbitrary inference

Question 66

Dr.Houltin is a therapist who regularly meets with several clients simultaneously.In this setting,clients share information and provide feedback to each other.Dr.Houltin is practicing:

A) family therapy.
B) group therapy.
C) unethical behavior.
D) feminist therapy.

Question 67

In feminist psychotherapy,women are encouraged to:

A) become the best possible wives and mothers.
B) vent the anger they feel towards men by joining groups that depower men.
C) define themselves independent of the role of wife and mother.
D) suppress the anger they harbor against a male-dominated society.

Question 68

A goal of family therapy is to:

A) correct any dysfunctions and increase the amount of intimacy.
B) improve communication among family members.
C) help family members establish reasonable guidelines.
D) do all of these.

Question 69

A family therapist is a therapist who:

A) brings in whole families for therapy.
B) acts as a surrogate for a client's unsupportive family.
C) focuses on family history in working with a client.
D) strictly practices either humanistic or cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 70

The most common approach used in family therapy is the:

A) cognitive-behavioral approach.
B) humanistic approach.
C) family systems approach.
D) psychoanalytic approach.

Question 71

The family systems view of therapy takes the position that:

A) families are an inherently dysfunctional system of relationships requiring intervention.
B) the role of the individual within his/her family is relatively unimportant.
C) it can be helpful to blame one member of the family for the underlying problems of the entire unit.
D) it is not possible to understand the problems of the individual without knowing the role he/she plays within the family constellation.

Question 72

A major advantage to group therapy is that:

A) clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
B) clients can split the cost of therapy sessions between all members of the group.
C) the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work.
D) it is better suited to clients with severe problems.

Question 73

According to the research on psychotherapy cited in your text,compared to whites with mental disorders,African Americans with mental disorders are more likely to:

A) receive free outpatient treatment.
B) be dismissed as not needing any help.
C) be committed to psychiatric hospitals.
D) be charged excessively for mental health services.

Question 74

Of the following values,which is MOST important to the framework of feminist psychotherapy?

A) dependence
B) service
C) commitment
D) empowerment

Question 75

Feminist psychotherapy attempts to help women see that:

A) their own needs are as legitimate as anyone else's.
B) there are many roles women are fortunate not to have to take on.
C) as a group,men will always mistreat and devalue women.
D) being a full-time mother is a valuable option if a woman chooses it.

Question 76

Tim and his fiancé argue about the type of food they should serve at their wedding,causing Tim to conclude that the whole marriage will be a failure.Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck would call this type of conclusion:

A) an arbitrary inference.
B) an overgeneralization.
C) selective abstraction.
D) personalization.

Question 77

Which of the following is a true statement about ethnic and gender issues in psychotherapy?

A) In comparison with non-Hispanic white Americans,a larger proportion of Hispanic Americans with psychological disorders were receiving outpatient mental health treatment.
B) More women than men receive mental health services.
C) African Americans are more likely than whites to be committed to psychiatric hospitals when they have a mental disorder.
D) All of these are true statements.

Question 78

Cathy scored 80% on her psychology test.Although the professor explained that it was a very difficult test and that 75% would count as a grade of A,Cathy goes home feeling like a failure.Cathy is using a type of faulty thinking called:

A) minimization.
B) selective abstraction.
C) absolutistic thinking.
D) arbitrary inference.

Question 79

Reaching general conclusions by using only a few specific bits of evidence is considered to be which of the following by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck?

A) personalization
B) overgeneralization
C) arbitrary inference
D) selective abstraction

Question 80

After Michael gave a very energetic speech,a friend came to him and said,"You really seem to enjoy public speaking." Michael replied,"What? Do you think I'm a conceited show-off or something?" According to Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck,Michael's response is an example of:

A) magnification.
B) selective abstraction.
C) absolutistic thinking.
D) arbitrary inference.