Deck 1: Nutrition: Food for Health

Question 1

Which of the following provides energy but is NOT considered a nutrient?

A)alcohol
B)carbohydrate
C)fat
D)protein

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Nutrients are classified as macronutrients and micronutrients.Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)vitamins

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following roles do all six classes of nutrients perform?

A)providing energy
B)forming structures
C)regulating body processes
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which statement best describes the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)?

A)The survey started two years ago and continues annually.
B)It is a health-related survey with a focus on determining the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
C)It recorded exclusively food intake of Canadians to see how well dietary recommendations were being followed.
D)It is a health-related survey that collects information from Canadians,including food intake.

Question 5

Which statement best describes a processed food?

A)it has more than five ingredients.
B)it requires heating or cooking before it can be eaten.
C)it has had preservatives added.
D)it has been specifically treated or changed from its natural state.

Question 6

Which of the following nutrients is an organic molecule?

A)fatty acids
B)iron
C)water
D)sodium

Question 7

Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a form of malnutrition?

A)weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity
B)vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements
C)osteoporosis as a result of inadequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D over an extended period of time
D)overweight as a result of regular overconsumption of large portions of meat,grains,and dairy foods

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the typical Canadian diet is TRUE?

A)The intake of meat and alternatives is below the recommended level for most Canadians.
B)The intake of vegetables and fruits is fewer than five servings for about half of adult Canadians.
C)The intake of grains products is above the recommended level for most Canadians,especially those over age 51.
D)The intake of milk and milk alternatives meets recommendations for two-thirds of Canadians over age 30.

Question 9

The energy,provided by carbohydrates,proteins,and lipids,is measured in what units?

A)kilojoules.
B)kilocalories.
C)thermal requirements.
D)Both a & b.

Question 10

Which is NOT considered undernutrition?

A)starvation.
B)diets high in saturated fat.
C)deficient intake of individual nutrients.
D)inability to absorb a particular nutrient.

Question 11

What statement best describes the fat intake of the majority of Canadians?

A)It is within recommendations.
B)It exceeds recommendations.
C)It is within recommendations except for older Canadians.
D)It is derived many from the consumption of breakfast foods,such as bacon and eggs.

Question 12

When compared to freshly prepared foods,how do processed foods generally differ?

A)they provide more kcalories
B)they contain fewer nutrients
C)they are higher in fat,sugar,or salt
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following either cannot be synthesized in the body or cannot be made in sufficient quantities to meet needs and,therefore,must be provided in the diet?

A)essential nutrients
B)zoochemicals
C)phytochemicals
D)fortified foods

Question 14

What is most likely to cause an adverse or toxic reaction?

A)overconsumption of vitamin and/or mineral supplements.
B)inability to absorb nutrients efficiently in the gut.
C)consumption of a diet that lacks variety
D)overconsumption of a favourite food

Question 15

What is the science that studies the interactions between living organisms and food?

A)digestion.
B)metabolism.
C)nutrition.
D)organic chemistry.

Question 16

Metabolic processes take place in the body to maintain body temperature,heart rate,and blood sugar relatively constant.What is this stable state called?

A)anabolic processes.
B)catabolic processes.
C)homeostasis.
D)metabolism.

Question 17

According to the textbook "Convenience has its costs." What does this mean?

A)Fast foods are expensive and higher in kcalories than comparable foods prepared at home.
B)Fast foods are expensive,but are usually lower in kcalories than comparable foods prepared at home.
C)Fast foods should never be consumed as they are expensive and unhealthy.
D)Fast foods are typically high in fat and sugar but not in kcalories.

Question 18

Which of the following is a substance in plant foods which cannot be made by the body and is NOT necessary to sustain life,but has healthful benefits?

A)an herbal supplement.
B)a phytochemical.
C)an enzyme.
D)sodium.

Question 19

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,which food group do Canadians consume in sufficient amounts?

A)Canadians do not consume any food group in sufficient amounts.
B)Canadians consume all food groups in sufficient amounts.
C)Grain products.
D)meat and alternatives.

Question 20

What are the chemical substances in foods that provide energy and structure and help regulate the body processes?

A)hormones.
B)nutrients.
C)enzymes.
D)phytochemicals.

Question 21

Amino acids supplements,vitamins and minerals supplements,and herbal remedies are examples of what type of product?

A)micronutrients
B)natural health products
C)processed foods
D)zoochemicals

Question 22

"Diets that include the consumption of large amounts of red and processed meats may increase the risk of colon cancer." What is being described?

A)undernutrition
B)sodium toxicity
C)overnutrition
D)protein toxicity

Question 23

Which statement best describes the concept of eating a variety of foods?

A)choosing at least one food from each food group in Canada's Food Guide each day.
B)including low kcalorie food choices to balance high kcalorie foods at each meal.
C)choosing an assortment of different foods from within food groups as well as from among the food groups.
D)making sure portion sizes are matched to energy needs.

Question 24

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

A)Conduct an experiment,develop a hypothesis,form a theory,and make an observation.
B)Develop a hypothesis,conduct an experiment,make an observation,and form a theory.
C)Form a theory,conduct an experiment,develop a hypothesis,and make an observation.
D)Make an observation,develop a hypothesis,conduct an experiment,and form a theory.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a component of a valid nutrition experiment?

A)opinions of the researchers
B)controls suitable to the experiment
C)appropriate type and number of subjects
D)careful interpretation of experimental results

Question 26

A popular company has begun to packaging nuts in bags containing 100 kcal.This is an example of what?

A)portion distortion
B)Canada Food Guide serving.
C)subpackaging
D)grain product

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding diet-gene interaction is FALSE?

A)Genetic makeup can influence the impact of nutrients on health.
B)Risk factors for chronic diseases are unrelated to an individual's DNA.
C)Diet and lifestyle are two contributing factors to the development of nutrition-related diseases.
D)Genetic variation can affect the function of proteins needed to metabolize nutrients.

Question 28

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food preference based on what factor?

A)cultural and family background.
B)personal preference.
C)availability.
D)psychological and emotional factors.

Question 29

As the number of variables in a research study increases,what happens to the number of subjects needed to prove an outcome?

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)is not affected.
D)increases,then decreases.

Question 30

In the 1960's a single-serving soft drink bottle contained 250 ml and about 100 kcal;today single-serving bottles contain 600 ml.This is an example of what phenomenon?

A)portion control
B)portion distortion
C)inadequate intakes
D)subpackaging

Question 31

On what does the acceptance of a scientific theory depend?

A)the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results.
B)increased funding for the research.
C)the number of years since the development of the theory.
D)how the hypothesis was formed.

Question 32

Which is an example of anecdotal information?

A)Runners have their blood glucose levels measured following a race.
B)A runner reports having more endurance after eating an energy bar.
C)Runners are timed before and after eating one energy bar a day for a month.
D)People take a written test before and after eating energy bars for a month;the results are scored.

Question 33

Researchers compared the effect of a typical Canadian diet and a vegetarian diet on blood cholesterol levels and found that the vegetarian diet resulted in lower cholesterol levels that were not due to chance.What does this mean?

A)There was a no statistically significant difference between the two diets.
B)There was a statistically significant difference between the two diets and vegetarian diets may decrease the risk of heart disease.
C)There was a statistically significant difference between the two diets and vegetarian diets may increase the risk of heart disease.
D)There was no statistically significant difference between the two diets but vegetarian diets may still decrease the risk of heart disease.

Question 34

What is meant by the recommendation to eat in moderation?

A)select foods from each food group in the diet.
B)select a variety of foods.
C)select appropriate portion sizes.
D)select foods with sufficient levels of vitamins and minerals.

Question 35

"A measure of the nutrients that a food provides compared to its energy content." What is being described?

A)Healthy Food Index.
B)glycemic index.
C)Dietary Reference Intake.
D)nutrient density.

Question 36

What is the relationship between serum cholesterol levels (levels of cholesterol in the blood)and cardiovascular disease?

A)serum cholesterol is an biomarker that reflects the risk of cardiovascular disease;risk increases as serum cholesterol decreases.
B)serum cholesterol is an biomarker that reflects the risk of heart attack or stroke;risk increases as serum cholesterol increases.
C)cardiovascular disease is a biomarker that correlates with levels of serum cholesterol in the blood.
D)serum cholesterol is an biomarker that reflects the risk of stroke but is unrelated to the risk of damage to coronary arteries.

Question 37

Which is an effective strategy to for selecting nutrient dense foods?

A)select foods that have been minimally processed.
B)select foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided.
C)select foods low in added fats and sugars in the diet.
D)All of the above answer choices are effective strategies.

Question 38

"Some individuals need to consume more orange juice,because their body synthesizes an atypical protein that degrades vitamin C more rapidly than usual.Orange juice is an excellent source of vitamin C." What is being described?

A)a risk factor for chronic disease
B)a strategy to prevent the common cold
C)an example of how nutrition can be personalized
D)overnutrition

Question 39

Which of the following is likely to limit food availability?

A)socioeconomic status
B)health status
C)where a person lives
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory is TRUE?

A)A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is a scientific explanation.
B)Hypotheses are never tested,but theories are tested.
C)Theories are the foundations of hypotheses.
D)A hypothesis is tested using quantifiable data and theories are tested using subjective data.

Question 41

Researchers examine whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory.In the first part of the study,two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical.Group A receives caffeine and Group B receives a harmless neutral substance.What was group B given?

A)catalyst.
B)placebo.
C)stimulant.
D)simulation factor.

Question 42

Dr Q is conducting an experiment to determine if vitamin Z can reduce blood pressure in a group of middle-aged adults.Dr Q asks a collegue,who is not involved in the study,to use a computer programme that assigns the students to one or two groups,purely on the basis of chance.One group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the other group receives a vitamin-free pill that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule.Neither Dr Q nor the participants know who is receiving the vitamin and who is receiving the vitamin-free pill.Which statement best describes the experiment?

A)This is a double-blind intervention trial that is randomized,has a treatment group that is receiving a placebo and is designed to show a causal relationship between vitamin Z and blood pressure
B)This is a double-blind intervention trial that is randomized,has a control group that is receiving a placebo and is designed to show a causal relationship between vitamin Z and blood pressure.
C)This is an observational study that is randomized,has a control group that is receiving a placebo and is designed to show a causal relationship between vitamin Z and blood pressure.
D)This is an intervention trial that includes a control group that is receiving a placebo and a treatment group receiving Vitamin Z,but participants were not randomly assigned to the control or the treatment group.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals?

A)Animal studies can be more easily controlled than human studies.
B)The digestive system of some animals is quite different from humans,making these animals inappropriate choices for some studies.
C)The choice of the animal studied may influence the outcome of the study.
D)Results from animal studies can be generalized to the human population.

Question 44

A scientific study recorded the dietary intake of 60,000 mean and tracked the health of these men for 8 years.The study concluded that there is an inverse association between the consumption of green tea and the occurrence of prostate cancer.Which statement best describes the study and its conclusion?

A)This is an intervention trial which demonstrates that consuming green tea may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
B)This is an intervention trial which demonstrates that consuming green tea reduces the risk of prostate cancer.
C)This is an observational study that demonstrates that green tea causes a reduction in the risk of prostate cancer.
D)This is an observational study that demonstrates that green tea may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

Question 45

After an experiment is completed,the scientist writes up his results and submits it to a journal.Before being accepted for publication the study will undergo peer review.What does this mean?

A)the abstract of the paper is written by researchers not involved in the study.
B)experts,not involved in the research,read the study and decide whether it was well-conducted and the results were properly analyzed.
C)experts,involved in the research,carefully proofread their writing to ensure no errors are present in the study.
D)the results are subjected to rigorous statistical analysis.

Question 46

Which of the following statements regarding Pubmed is FALSE?

A)It is a database supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)in the United States.
B)It is a free online resource for accessing published scientific reports.
C)It is a password-protected site.
D)It can be accessed on the Internet by anyone.

Question 47

Approximately 1,000 college students were asked to keep a record of the types and amounts of supplemental vitamins they consumed and how many colds they had over the course of a year.The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds.What types of study was this?

A)clinical trial.
B)observational study.
C)intervention trial
D)laboratory study.

Question 48

A study compares the amount of a specific nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted? What type of study is it?

A)balance study.
B)collection study.
C)depletion-repletion study.
D)observational study.

Question 49

A scientist is interested in the relationship between diet and breast cancer and decides to do a case-control study.He is able to find a group of women who have breast cancer and collects dietary intake information from them.What is the next step in this study?

A)The scientist must assemble a group of healthy women (the controls)who are the same age and ethnicity as the women who have breast cancer (the cases).
B)The scientist must assemble a group of healthy women (the cases)who are the same age and ethnicity as the women who have breast cancer (the controls).
C)The scientist must assemble a group of healthy women (the controls),measure their dietary intake,and tract them for several years to see if they develop breast cancer.
D)The scientist must assemble a group of women who have breast cancer from another country,measure their dietary intake,and see if it differs from the first group of women.

Question 50

How do you describe a clinical trial,in which subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving,but the researchers do?

A)anecdotal.
B)collaboration.
C)double-blind.
D)single-blind.

Question 51

Which is the BEST reason for using a placebo as part of the experimental design?

A)Because it makes it impossible for researchers to know who is receiving an intervention and who is not.
B)Because the only way to know if the treatment works is to compare it to a placebo.
C)Because it prevent subjects from knowing whether or not they are receiving the treatment.
D)Because it allows the incorporation a larger number of subjects in the experiment.

Question 52

One group of subjects is asked to eat a diet high in fruits,vegetables,and dairy foods while a second group is asked to eat a diet with low amounts of fruits,vegetables,and dairy foods.The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared.What type of study was this?

A)case-control study.
B)observational study.
C)intervention trial
D)in vitro study.

Question 53

The Seven Countries Study established which association between diet and cardiovascular disease?

A)a direct association between cardiovascular disease mortality and % kcal from saturated fat.
B)a direct association between cardiovascular disease mortality and % kcal from polyunsaturated fatty acids.
C)An inverse association between cardiovascular disease mortality and % kcal from total dietary fat.
D)An inverse association between cardiovascular disease mortality and % kcal from saturated fat.

Question 54

Which "paradox" from the Seven Countries study led to an interest in the traditional Mediterranean diet?

A)When comparing individuals with similar serum cholesterol levels,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans.
B)When comparing individuals with the same intake of dietary cholesterol,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans,
C)When comparing individuals with similar serum cholesterol levels,Mediterranean populations died from cardiovascular disease more frequently than Northern Europeans.
D)When comparing individuals with the same intake of olive oil,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans.

Question 55

What is the short paragraph that summarizes a published experiment and its main findings?

A)an abstract
B)an introduction
C)a discussion
D)a database

Question 56

In some experiments,why are biomarkers used instead of the presence or absence of disease (also known as disease outcomes)?

A)Biomarkers more accurately reflect disease risk than actual disease outcomes.
B)Biomarkers respond to diet more slowly than actual disease outcomes.
C)Although biomarkers are not as conclusive as directly measuring disease outcomes,they respond to changes in diet more rapidly
D)Biomarkers are as conclusive as disease outcome and they are easier to measure

Question 57

How do you describe a an intervention trial,in which neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment?

A)double-blind study.
B)single-blind study.
C)variable study.
D)undirected study.

Question 58

What is the most powerful tool(s)in promoting health and nutrition messages?

A)dietitians.
B)mass media.
C)physicians.
D)talk radio.

Question 59

Which of the following is a process that is part of strict safety and ethical regulations governing human subject research?

A)peer review.
B)double-blind.
C)retrospective authorization.
D)informed consent.

Question 60

In a controlled experiment,what is the group that does NOT receive treatment is called?

A)control group.
B)double-blind group.
C)experimental group.
D)placebo effect.

Question 61

Canadians are replacing more and more home cooked meals with meals from fast food restaurants.
a)What are the nutritional impacts of this trend?
b)How does this trend influence disease risk?

Question 62

Describe what is meant by the term control group and explain why a well-designed experiment includes a control group.

Question 63

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

A)government-supported publication
B)dietitian
C)pamphlet published by a health food store
D)peer-reviewed article available on the Internet

Question 64

What is the difference between a single-blind and a double-blind study? Why are double-blind techniques used?

Question 65

What are two advantages of using animals instead of humans in nutrition experiments? What are two disadvantages?

Question 66

Recently Trevor received an e-mail forwarded to him by a friend.The e-mail warns all recipients of the dangers of an artificial sweetener,which according to the original author,is responsible for several types of cancer,mental illness,and several other serious ailments.The author uses several anecdotal stories as the basis for her assertions.Curious,Trevor does a search on the Internet for the author,but cannot find any information about her.
a)What do you think of unsolicited e-mail as a source of nutrition advice?
b)How likely is it that one product causes or cures several different diseases?
c)What else makes you wonder about the validity of the information?
d)How might you use the Internet to get more information about the artificial sweetener in question?
e)How can you tell if nutrition information in a letter,in an article,or on television is accurate?

Question 67

Describe the three general functions of nutrients.

Question 68

Mrs.Sandoz's fourth grade class spent several class periods learning about nutrition.They learned about Canada's Food Guide and how eating a healthy diet could benefit them.Mr.Danner's fourth grade class,in the same building,did not have a unit on nutrition.After the nutrition unit was finished in Mrs.Sandoz's class,researchers looked at the selections students made in the cafeteria and how much food was consumed and thrown away by each class to see if the nutrition education had an effect on the students' eating habits.
a)What type of study was this?
b)Which classroom was the control classroom?
c)Which classroom was the experimental group?
d)What other factors affect students' choice of food,besides what they know about health and food?

Question 69

People's food choices are affected by many factors other than the nutritional value of the food.Select two of the factors that affect food choices and explain how you would use this factor to help reinforce a dietary change an individual is trying to make for nutritional reasons.

Question 70

Nutrients are classified according to their chemical properties.What are the six classes of nutrients? Which are macronutrients? Which are micronutrients?

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of anecdotal evidence?

A)double-blind studies
B)results from a minimum of three experiments
C)single-blind studies
D)individual testimonies

Question 72

When determining the strength of experimental research,which is the LEAST important factor?

A)the design of the study
B)how many people conducted the study
C)how the study was funded
D)where the study was published

Question 73

Describe the typical Canadian diet and explain how it could be improved.Is there anything you would like to change about the way you eat? Why or why not?

Question 74

What is epidemiology? Compare the type of information obtained from observational studies to that obtained from human intervention studies.

Question 75

Describe the steps involved in conducting a valid experiment using the scientific method.

Question 76

A serving of hot chocolate provides 5 g of fat,2 g of protein,and 28 g of carbohydrate.How many kcalories are in the serving of hot chocolate?

Question 77

What of the following is the most reliable source of information about the effectiveness of a nutritional supplement?

A)the results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial that compared the nutritional supplement to a placebo.
B)Two hundred people describing their use of the nutritional supplement and how it improved their health.
C)A study that compared the health of users of the nutritional supplement with non-users,corrected for confounding factors.
D)A study that compared the health of users of the nutritional supplement with non-users,uncorrected for confounding factors.

Question 78

Name reliable sources of nutrition information.

Question 79

What is the difference between a depletion-repletion study and a balance study? How is each used in the field of nutrition?

Question 80

You are reviewing a website that describes a diet plan to improve the function of the immune system.Which characteristic of this website,described below,causes you to be concerned about the website's reliability?

A)The website claims that diet can influence immune function.
B)The website claims that a university study has proven the effectiveness of the diet plan,but the study has not been published.
C)The website was recently updated.
D)Detailed information about the foods that are part of the diet paln are provided free-of-charge.