Deck 11: Management of Chronic Illness

Question 1

_______________ is/are the single greatest cause of preventable death.

A) Obesity
B) Alcoholism
C) Vehicular accidents
D) Smoking

Answer 1

Smoking

Question 2

Alcoholics Anonymous

A) is a broad-spectrum treatment program.
B) is a self-help group.
C) has demonstrated lower dropout and relapse rates than inpatient programs.
D) All of these.

Answer 2

is a self-help group.

Question 3

Interventions that include ______________,produce up to a 4 percent treatment success rate.

A) a moderate length of participation.
B) outpatient care.
C) active involvement of relatives and employers.
D) All of these.

Answer 3

All of these.

Question 4

The goals of broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioral therapy of alcohol abuse include

A) reducing the reinforcement associated with alcohol.
B) teaching new behaviors inconsistent with alcohol abuse.
C) introducing reinforcement for activities that do not involve alcohol.
D) All of these.

Question 5

Social engineering may be more effective than behavioral treatments in attacking the problem of alcoholism because

A) social engineering costs less than treating every person with alcoholism.
B) about 85 percent of persons with alcoholism do not receive treatment.
C) treatment programs are never effective.
D) there are not enough therapists to treat all persons with alcoholism.

Question 6

Alcoholics differ from problem drinkers in that alcoholics

A) show substantial social, psychological, and biomedical problems resulting from alcohol.
B) are defined by a variety of specific behaviors.
C) have a high tolerance for alcohol and show withdrawal symptoms when they attempt to become abstinent.
D) All of these.

Question 7

Occasional binge drinking may involve as many as _______________ of college students.

A) 25 percent
B) 32 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 8

Studies have found relapse rates of _______________ or more in the two to four years following treatment for alcoholism.

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 9

According to your text the factor that is most implicated in the origin of alcoholism and problem drinking is

A) genetics.
B) gender.
C) sociodemographics.
D) a gradual process involving physiological, behavioral, and sociocultural variables.

Question 10

review of drinking driver treatment programs concluded that most were successful in treating

A) light drinkers.
B) heavy drinkers.
C) low-SES drinkers.
D) None of these.

Question 11

Since he stopped smoking last week,John complains about fighting the urge for a cigarette,especially when he is around other smokers.This is an example of

A) addiction.
B) tolerance.
C) craving.
D) withdrawal.

Question 12

The occurrence of a major stressful event within the first _______________ days after treatment is one of the best predictors of relapse among apparently recovered alcoholics.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 90
D) 120

Question 13

Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with

A) increased risk from coronary artery disease.
B) increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
C) decreased risk from coronary artery disease.
D) decreased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 14

Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability in

A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) middle age.
D) old age.

Question 15

Compared to persons with more long-term drinking problems,people who become problem drinkers in late middle age are

A) less likely to control their drinking on their own.
B) less likely to be successfully treated.
C) more likely to use problem drinking as a coping method.
D) All of these.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption is associated with short-term reductions in

A) self-esteem.
B) positive affect.
C) anxiety.
D) All of these.

Question 17

Alcohol treatment programs

A) have low dropout rates.
B) are more successful with clients from high-SES backgrounds.
C) are more successful with female clients.
D) None of these.

Question 18

Individuals who experience _______________ are more likely to become problem drinkers than those without these risk factors.

A) negative life events
B) chronic stressors
C) deficits in social support
D) All of these.

Question 19

Alcohol consumption has been linked to

A) cognitive impairment.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) some forms of cancer.
D) All of these.

Question 20

Evaluations of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents suggest that such programs

A) are expensive and ineffective.
B) enhance participants' sense of self-efficacy.
C) are effective in changing participants' attitudes but have little influence on their ability to resist peer pressure.
D) do not impact the social norms associated with onset of drinking.

Question 21

Evaluation of social influence programs suggests that

A) adolescent smoking rates are unaffected.
B) fewer adolescents begin smoking after exposure to such programs.
C) adolescent smoking rates are reduced for up to four years.
D) None of these.

Question 22

Maxwell is a smoker.He works long hours for low pay and often is not able to pay his bills.When this occurs his heart rate increases significantly more than does a non-smoker's heart rate.This a(n)______________ effect of smoking and stress.

A) complementary
B) opposing
C) oppositional
D) synergistic

Question 23

,which of these people is MOST likely to be a smoker?

A) Betty, a 75-year-old woman.
B) Martin, a 30-year-old man.
C) Jimmy, a 19-year-old man.
D) Karen, a 35-year-old woman.

Question 24

Ex-smokers are more likely to be successful over the short term if they have

A) a supportive partner.
B) nonsmoking supportive friends.
C) smoking supportive friends.
D) a supportive partner and nonsmoking supportive friends

Question 25

Social influence intervention programs often use the principle of behavioral inoculation.According to this principle,exposing individuals to a

A) strong persuasive message ensures that they will internalize the message.
B) boring, repetitive persuasive message ensures that they will become desensitized to the message.
C) one-sided message ensures that uncommitted individuals will more likely be persuaded by the message.
D) weak version of a persuasive message ensures that they will develop counterarguments to resist a stronger version of the message.

Question 26

Smoking increases the risk of:

A) chronic bronchitis.
B) emphysema.
C) lung cancer.
D) All of these.

Question 27

Programs that provide materials to smokers so that they can quit on their own

A) are too haphazard in nature to be successful.
B) have been found to have higher initial quit rates than cognitive-behavioral interventions.
C) have been found to be as successful as cognitive-behavioral interventions in terms of long-term maintenance.
D) have the same impact as cognitive-behavioral interventions but are not as cost effective.

Question 28

Following the publication of the Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964,

A) smoking in all groups has continued to increase.
B) smoking in all groups has continued to increase, but the rate of increase has slowed.
C) adult smoking has declined by more than 25 percent.
D) smoking among older people was relatively unaffected, but the percentage of teenage smokers has declined.

Question 29

Smoking among adolescents is

A) independent of other health-compromising behaviors.
B) likely to occur in the presence of peers.
C) an effort to maintain a positive mood.
D) unrelated to individual differences in personality.

Question 30

In the United States,approximately _______________ deaths per year are related to smoking.

A) 223,000
B) 333,000
C) 443,000
D) 733,000

Question 31

It is estimated that by 2050 three million ______________ men will die each year from the effects of tobacco.

A) American
B) Indian
C) Chinese
D) Argentinean

Question 32

Evaluations of the effect of mass media anti-smoking messages suggest that they

A) provide information to smokers about health habits but have little effect on attitudes about smoking.
B) provide information about health habits to the general population but have little effect on anyone's behavior.
C) promote antismoking attitudes but have little effect on smokers' behavioral intentions.
D) provide information about health habits and discourage adult nonsmokers from beginning to smoke.

Question 33

According to your text,who is best able to induce people to stop smoking?

A) psychotherapists
B) physicians
C) employers
D) commercial programs

Question 34

After smoking for 20 years,Lucille is quitting by using a nicotine patch.Her response to quitting is best explained by

A) the nicotine replacement theory.
B) the nicotine fixed-effect theory.
C) the multiple-regulation model.
D) Pomerleau and Pomerleau's theory.

Question 35

"Chippers"

A) is a term used to describe usually light smokers.
B) do not have the same risk factors as other smokers.
C) are declining in number.
D) consumes more than 20 cigarettes a day.

Question 36

In the United States,smoking rates among

A) men are especially low.
B) men have increased since the 1940s.
C) adolescents have been decreasing over the past five years.
D) low-SES ethnic minority groups are especially high.

Question 37

In contrast to nicotine gum,the use of transdermal nicotine patches

A) produces a sharper rise in nicotine level than does cigarette smoking.
B) does not produce significant gains in smoking cessation.
C) is associated with higher rates of patient compliance.
D) is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk than is smoking.

Question 38

Those who quit smoking on their own

A) appear to be more successful in maintaining abstinence than participants in smoking cessation programs.
B) have high levels of self-control that is related to low relapse rates.
C) are more likely to have a socially supportive network that smokes.
D) have strong beliefs in the health benefits of stopping smoking.

Question 39

The best predictor of long-term abstinence among smokers is

A) social support.
B) environmental support.
C) self-efficacy.
D) remaining vigilant about not smoking.

Question 40

An effective adolescent smoking intervention program is:

A) quitting cold turkey.
B) the life-skills-training approach.
C) Alcoholics Anonymous.
D) All of these.

Question 41

Approximately 30 percent of all highway fatalities are attributed to drinking and driving.

Question 42

It is well-established that commercial smoking cessation programs have high cure rates.

Question 43

100% of college students are heavy drinkers.

Question 44

Identify and discuss the synergistic effect of smoking on other health-related risk factors.

Question 45

Research supports the idea that most alcoholics eventually receive some form of inpatient or outpatient treatment.

Question 46

Describe the factors associated with smoking in adolescence.Evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs targeting adolescents.

Question 47

Passive smoking (i.e.,secondhand smoke)is a documented health risk.

Question 48

It is estimated that three out of every ten adult Americans is an alcoholic or problem drinker.

Question 49

Explain the problem of relapse in the treatment of alcohol abuse.Which intervention strategies address this problem most effectively? Substantiate your answer with research from the text.

Question 50

Passive smoking (secondhand smoke)has been found to be associated with

A) elevated blood carbon monoxide levels.
B) reduced pulmonary functioning.
C) increased rates of lung cancer.
D) All of these.

Question 51

Thin smokers are at increased risk of early mortality.

Question 52

Research indicates that multimodal interventions are more effective in reducing smoking than social engineering strategies.

Question 53

More than 2 million college students drive drunk each year.

Question 54

Many health-compromising behaviors share several important characteristics.Describe these characteristics and the implications for intervention programs.

Question 55

Psychological and social rewards associated with drinking include reduced anxiety and depression.

Question 56

Liability litigation is a(n)______________ approach to smoking prevention.

A) social engineering
B) behavioral
C) ineffective
D) irrational

Question 57

Identify and describe the biological,psychological,and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.

Question 58

The life-skills-training approach

A) focuses specifically on the social skills needed to prevent drinking.
B) focuses on social skills that bolster the adolescent's sense of being an efficacious person.
C) is not an effective drinking prevention program.
D) is not an effective smoking prevention program.

Question 59

Trying cigarettes makes a person significantly more likely to use other drugs in the future.

Question 60

Restricting smoking to a particular place is an example of social engineering.