Deck 3: Health Behaviors

Question 1

Quality of life traditionally has been measured in terms of

A) psychological and economic factors.
B) subjective criteria.
C) morbidity and mortality.
D) longevity.

Answer 1

morbidity and mortality.

Question 2

Medical measures of quality of life are

A) seldom based on objective criteria.
B) poorly correlated with patients' and relatives' assessments.
C) poorly correlated with patients' assessments but are moderately correlated with relatives' assessments.
D) moderately correlated with health psychologists' assessments.

Answer 2

poorly correlated with patients' and relatives' assessments.

Question 3

Chronic alterations in one's body image would be most likely in cases of

A) chronic illness.
B) amputation.
C) extensive scarring.
D) facial disfigurement.

Answer 3

facial disfigurement.

Question 4

,the most frequently cited stressor was

A) fear and uncertainty about the future.
B) limitations in physical abilities.
C) pain management.
D) altered physical appearance and lifestyle.

Question 5

The perception and evaluation of one's physical functioning and appearance comprises one's

A) physical self.
B) self-concept.
C) body image.
D) self-evaluation.

Question 6

Of the following situations,patient anxiety would be highest

A) after the physician had explained the diagnosis and treatment regimen.
B) after the patient has received a test result.
C) while the patient is awaiting a new and promising, but invasive, medical procedure.
D) while the patient is experiencing the side effects of a familiar medical procedure.

Question 7

Studying quality of life

A) makes it possible to determine what kinds of interventions may be needed.
B) is an unnecessary intrusion into patients' lives.
C) cannot be used to compare therapies.
D) tells us little that the diagnosis does not provide.

Question 8

Unlike anxiety and denial,depression

A) may be a long-term reaction to chronic illness.
B) is at a steady state during the course of chronic illness.
C) is the first response to chronic illness.
D) may be intermittent and unrelenting.

Question 9

Assessment of quality of life considers

A) disease-or treatment-related symptoms.
B) physical status and functioning.
C) psychological and social status.
D) multiple criteria that includes all of the these.

Question 10

Disease-related anxiety may _______________ over time,while anxiety related to the consequences of the disease may _______________ over time.

A) decrease; decrease
B) increase; increase
C) increase; decrease
D) decrease; increase

Question 11

The stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and abilities is

A) self-esteem.
B) self-concept.
C) self-image.
D) self-evaluation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a predictor of depression among chronically ill patients?

A) lack of social support
B) chronic pain
C) marital status
D) becoming disabled

Question 13

High levels of anxiety have been found among patients who are

A) anticipating noxious therapies.
B) expecting substantial lifestyle changes to result from illness or treatment.
C) lacking information about their illness and treatment.
D) All of these are true.

Question 14

Denial is useful in helping patients

A) control their emotional reaction to illness.
B) monitor their physical condition.
C) seek treatment.
D) become active in their treatment regimen.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a chronic illness?

A) cancer
B) hearing loss
C) diabetes
D) influenza A

Question 16

Immediately after a chronic illness is diagnosed,

A) patients are in a state of crisis.
B) patients find their habitual ways of coping with problems do not work.
C) anxiety, fear, and depression often take over.
D) All of these.

Question 17

Up to _______________ of all medical inpatients with chronic disease suffer from severe depression.

A) one quarter
B) one third
C) one half
D) one hundred percent

Question 18

Who of the following is MOST likely to have a chronic alteration of their body image?

A) Sara, who has diabetes.
B) Sally, whose leg was amputated just above the knee.
C) Susan, who has extensive scarring on her lower body.
D) Sandy who has extensive scarring on the right side of her face.

Question 19

Denial may serve a protective function

A) before the patient seeks medical treatment.
B) in the acute phase of the illness.
C) when patients must play an active role in the treatment regimen.
D) during the rehabilitative phase of the illness.

Question 20

Denial

A) is a defense mechanism that allows the patient to avoid the immediate implications of an illness.
B) may help the patient control her or his emotional reaction.
C) is a common reaction to chronic illness.
D) All of these.

Question 21

Emotional disorders associated with chronic illness are especially likely among patients who

A) enter into very aggressive medical treatment regimens.
B) are motivated to find meaning and to compensate for any negative impact of chronic illness on their quality of life.
C) have a history of depression or other mental illness.
D) All of these.

Question 22

James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents.He helps patients who are emotionally and mentally disabled regain physical,mental,or emotional stability.Sometimes he teaches painting,weaving,or other crafts.He is a

A) massage therapist.
B) occupational therapist.
C) physical therapist.
D) dietitian.

Question 23

Adherence to treatment regimens in chronically ill patients is

A) significantly higher than in patients being treated for acute disorders.
B) significantly lower than in patients being treated for acute disorders.
C) unaffected by the side effects of treatment.
D) especially problematic in complex and long-term treatment regimens.

Question 24

__________________ is a functional somatic disorder.

A) Irritable bowel syndrome
B) Gulf War syndrome
C) Chronic fatigue syndrome
D) All of these.

Question 25

Most caregiving for the chronically ill is provided by

A) formal services such as home health nurses or nursing homes.
B) men.
C) women.
D) friends.

Question 26

Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens due to the debilitating effects of stress on

A) psychosocial adjustment.
B) chronic diseases.
C) coping strategies.
D) None of these.

Question 27

James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents.He helps them learn to use adaptive devices in order to perform tasks.He often uses heat and massage to relieve pain and improve muscle function.He is a

A) massage therapist.
B) occupational therapist.
C) physical therapist.
D) dietitian.

Question 28

of myocardial infarction (MI)patients,patient rehabilitation was most successful in the long term when the patient's spouse attributed the MI to ______.

A) external factors, uncontrollable by the patient
B) internal factors, controllable by the patient
C) either external or internal factors; the spouse's beliefs made no difference
D) hereditary factors

Question 29

James works with people with diabetes.He helps them learn to control their caloric intake and the types of foods they eat.He is a

A) massage therapist.
B) occupational therapist.
C) physical therapist.
D) dietitian.

Question 30

Researchers investigating gender differences in the receipt of social support have found that

A) disabled women are more effective than disabled men in establishing effective social support networks.
B) being married appears to protect men, but not women, from institutionalization.
C) married women spend fewer days in nursing homes than married men.
D) disabled men are less likely to be married than disabled women.

Question 31

Analyses of the effectiveness of coping strategies in managing the stress associated with chronic illness conclude that

A) the coping strategies used by chronically ill patients are significantly different from the strategies observed in healthy samples.
B) avoidant coping is associated with reduced psychological distress and better psychological adjustment.
C) confrontative coping is associated with better adjustment than the use of multiple coping strategies.
D) active coping is more consistently associated with good adjustment.

Question 32

In general,high levels of perceived control facilitate adjustment,EXCEPT in cases where

A) patients are seriously debilitated, both physically and psychosocially.
B) patients must cope with long-term chronic illness.
C) patients must cope with acute disorders and treatment.
D) where actual control is low.

Question 33

Divorce rates for families with a chronic illness are

A) due to the strain involved.
B) lower than families without a chronic illness.
C) higher than families without a chronic illness.
D) no different than families without a chronic illness.

Question 34

reported that more than _______________ of the cancer patients in their study reported at least some beneficial changes in their life as a result of the cancer.

A) 20 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 35

Studies of reactions to the disabled indicate that they tend to elicit

A) pity.
B) curiosity.
C) ambivalence.
D) None of these.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of physical rehabilitation discussed in your text?

A) redefining oneself as being chronically ill
B) adherence to one's treatment regimen
C) the control of energy expenditure
D) the ability to identify and respond to the onset of a medical crisis

Question 37

Which of the following is important to include in a comprehensive rehabilitation program?

A) exercise.
B) stress management.
C) training in adaptive devices.
D) All of these.

Question 38

Adverse changes in social interactions after a diagnosis of chronic disease are more likely to be observed in

A) family members.
B) friends and acquaintances.
C) employers.
D) intimate others.

Question 39

Successful adjustment to chronic illness is associated with

A) having an appropriate or accurate illness schema about the nature of one's illness.
B) developing an acute model of one's disorder.
C) blaming others for one's illness and thus minimizing self-blame.
D) having a personal sense of control, even in medical situations, in which little personal control is possible.

Question 40

James works with cancer patients at County General Hospital.His particular specialty is in enabling the newly diagnosed cancer patient to understand the illness and its treatment and to negotiate the difficult emotional and social identity issues associated with the illness.John is a

A) medical social worker.
B) medical psychologist.
C) health psychologist.
D) occupational therapist.

Question 41

Whereas disease severity and the presence of debilitating symptoms affect quality of life,they are unrelated to body image.

Question 42

Explain why an interdisciplinary team approach to physical rehabilitation is superior to traditional programs.In your answer,cite material in the text about the problems of relapse and adherence to treatment regimens.

Question 43

At any one time,50 percent of the population has some chronic condition that requires medical treatment.

Question 44

A social support group is most likely to appeal to

A) Fred, an insurance company executive who is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI).
B) Mar'a, a recent immigrant from the Philippines who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis.
C) Sybil, a high-school dropout with three children who is recovering from a mastectomy.
D) Edith, a physician who is also an ostomy patient.

Question 45

Functional somatic disorders are more common in men than in women.

Question 46

In general,active coping strategies seem to be more consistently associated with good adjustment to chronic illness than avoidant strategies.

Question 47

The Internet is a good source of information about skills for coping with common illness-related problems.

Question 48

Denial was once thought to be a primitive defense mechanism.What role does denial play in the emotional response to chronic illness? When does it facilitate coping? When is it dysfunctional?

Question 49

There is evidence that depression may occur somewhat earlier in the adjustment process than denial or severe anxiety.

Question 50

Many chronic illnesses lead to a decrease in sexual activity.

Question 51

Discuss the different careers involved in rehabilitation of the chronically ill.What do the different people do? Which is of most interest to you and why?

Question 52

Research evidence consistently supports the notion that self-blame is associated with poor adjustment to chronic illness.

Question 53

Compared to therapy with other clients,psychotherapy provided to medical patients is more likely to

A) be continuous and long term in nature.
B) involve collaboration with the patient's family and physician.
C) be expensive and time consuming.
D) challenge the client's defenses and promote a realistic assessment of his or her situation.

Question 54

Younger people have more physical limitations than older people.

Question 55

According to your text,WebMD is

A) scrupulously careful about the information they post.
B) usually accurate but not always careful about the information they provide.
C) like most of the information the Web, not to be trusted.
D) unlike most of the information the Web, not to be trusted.

Question 56

Due to the chronic strain involved,the divorce rate among families with a chronic illness is higher than that for the general population.

Question 57

Studies have found that the quality of life reported by cancer patients is higher than healthy community samples.Explain how chronically ill patients cope with their illnesses and maintain a positive self-concept.

Question 58

Family support of the chronically ill patient is especially important because they

A) encourage the patient to be cheerful.
B) are the only ones available when friends cannot be counted on.
C) promote adherence to treatment.
D) family is not helpful.

Question 59

How are patients' beliefs about chronic illness related to adjustment?

Question 60

In order to be a registered dietitian,one must have a two-year degree.