Deck 12: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The visceral pericardium also forms the ________ of the heart wall.

A)epicardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The pulmonary vein

A)carries oxygen rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.
B)carries oxygen rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues.
D)carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What vessels carry oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)aorta and coronary arteries
D)superior and inferior vena cavas

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The aorta

A)receives oxygen rich blood from lungs.
B)carries oxygen rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues.
D)carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

Question 5

The left atrium

A)receives oxygen rich blood from lungs.
B)pumps oxygen rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues.
D)pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

A)It is located in the mediastinum.
B)The base rests on the diaphragm.
C)It connects the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
D)It slants more to the left.

Question 7

The myocardium is

A)the major portion of the heart.
B)largely cardiac muscle tissue.
C)endocardium.
D)Both the major portion of the heart and largely cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 8

Which chamber pumps the blood to the body through the systemic circuit?

A)right atrium
B)left atrium
C)right ventricle
D)left ventricle

Question 9

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall?

A)It has to pump blood to the lungs.
B)It has to pump blood to the body.
C)It has to pump blood to the left atrium.
D)It has to pump blood to the liver.

Question 10

What is the function of the heart valves?

A)to push blood
B)to prevent the backflow of blood
C)to stimulate the heart
D)to give support to the heart

Question 11

As blood leaves the right atrium,it passes through the ______ valve to the right ventricle.

A)tricuspid
B)pulmonary semilunar
C)mitral
D)bicuspid

Question 12

What vessels carry oxygen rich blood to the left atrium?

A)superior and inferior vena cavas
B)pulmonary veins
C)pulmonary arteries
D)Both superior and inferior vena cavas and pulmonary veins

Question 13

What structures anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles of the ventricle walls?

A)interatrial septum
B)auricles
C)chordae tendinae
D)coronary sinus

Question 14

What is the name of the extensions of the ventricular myocardium that prevent the valves from opening into the atria?

A)chordae tendinae
B)interventricular septum
C)interatrial septum
D)papillary muscles

Question 15

Which of the following vessels would have a high oxygen content?

A)aorta
B)pulmonary veins
C)pulmonary arteries
D)Both the aorta and pulmonary veins.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?

A)serves as an endocrine gland
B)creates blood pressure
C)keeps O₂- poor blood separated from O₂- rich blood
D)maintains the acidity level of the blood

Question 17

Which are the strongest pumping chambers?

A)atria
B)ventricles

Question 18

The right atrium

A)receives oxygen rich blood from lungs.
B)pumps oxygen rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues.
D)pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs.

Question 19

What valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A)pulmonary semilunar valve
B)tricuspid valve
C)bicuspid valve
D)aortic semilunar valve

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a vessel that empties into the right atrium?

A)inferior vena cava
B)superior vena cava
C)coronary sinus
D)pulmonary veins

Question 21

What structural component of cardiac muscle cells allows for electrical current to flow from cell to cell?

A)tight junctions
B)gap junctions
C)adhesion junction

Question 22

The heart sounds are due to the

A)valves closing.
B)heart contraction.
C)heart relaxing.
D)blood flowing.

Question 23

What initiates the heartbeat and is called the pacemaker?

A)nerves
B)AV node
C)SA node
D)brain

Question 24

In an ECG,the T wave represents

A)depolarization of the atriA.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 25

A heart rate below 60 beats per minute is called

A)tachycardiA.
B)fibrillation.
C)bradycardia.
D)ectopic.

Question 26

The pathway from the superior and inferior vena cavas,through the right side of the heart to the lungs is called the

A)pulmonary circuit.
B)coronary circulation.
C)systemic circuit.
D)hepatic-portal system.

Question 27

The first heart sound "lub" is made by

A)closure of the AV valves.
B)closure of the semilunar valves.
C)contraction of the ventricles.
D)contraction of the atria.

Question 28

An area other than the SA node can become the pacemaker.This area is called a(an)

A)heart block.
B)intrinsic conduction system.
C)ectopic pacemaker.
D)interventricular septum.

Question 29

The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into the

A)right atrium.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left ventricle.

Question 30

What is the condition in which the heart impulses are too slow to maintain circulation?

A)heart block
B)arrhythmia
C)ectopic pacemaker
D)incompetent valve

Question 31

In an ECG,the QRS complex represents

A)depolarization of the atriA.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 32

The sound of a heart murmur is created from

A)acid reflux in the esophagus.
B)fluid in the lungs.
C)leaky heart valves.
D)a hiccup.

Question 33

The second heart sound "dup" is caused by the

A)closing of the AV valves.
B)closing of the mitral valve.
C)closing of the semilunar valves.
D)contraction of the ventricles.

Question 34

How is the heart muscle nourished?

A)by blood in the left ventricle
B)by the coronary arteries
C)by the cardiac vein
D)by the carotid artery

Question 35

The pathway from the lungs,through the left side of the heart and out the aorta to the body tissues is called the

A)pulmonary circuit.
B)coronary circulation.
C)systemic circuit.
D)hepatic-portal system.

Question 36

Trace the path of the blood from the right atrium to the lungs and then to the left ventricle.

Question 37

In an ECG,the P wave represents

A)depolarization of the atriA.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 38

The correct sequence in the conduction system of the heart is

A)Purkinje fibers,AV bundle,bundle branches.
B)AV node,SA node,Purkinje fibers.
C)SA node,AV node,AV bundle,bundle branches,Purkinje fibers.
D)AV node,bundle branches,SA node,Purkinje fibers.

Question 39

What are the first blood vessels to branch from the aorta as it leaves the heart?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)coronary arteries
D)coronary veins

Question 40

Which of the following represents the correct sequence when tracing the path of blood from the superior or inferior vena cava to the lungs?

A)left atrium,pulmonary semilunar valve,left ventricle,mitral valve,pulmonary arteries
B)right atrium,tricuspid valve,right ventricle,pulmonary semilunar valve,pulmonary arteries
C)tricuspid valve,right atrium,aortic semilunar valve,right ventricle,pulmonary veins
D)pulmonary semilunar valve,right atrium,mitral valve,right ventricle,pulmonary veins

Question 41

A fever will generally cause heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 42

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 43

An increase in venous return will ______ stroke volume and ___________ the strength of contraction.

A)increase,increase
B)increase,decrease
C)decrease,decrease
D)decrease,increase

Question 44

When is the second sound of the heartbeat produced?

A)beginning of atrial systole
B)beginning of atrial diastole
C)beginning of ventricular systole
D)beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 45

An increase in blood pressure will cause reflex ___________ of the heart rate.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)no change
D)increase,then decrease

Question 46

What type of receptors,found in the aorta and common carotids arteries,send information to the cardioregulatory center to control heart rate?

A)proprioceptors
B)nociceptors
C)baroreceptors
D)photoreceptors

Question 47

When is the first sound of the heartbeat produced?

A)beginning of atrial systole
B)beginning of atrial diastole
C)beginning of ventricular systole
D)beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 48

During the ventricular systole,the AV valves _______ and the semilunar valves _____.

A)close;open
B)close;close
C)open;close
D)open;open

Question 49

Systole refers to

A)relaxation.
B)contraction.
C)stimulation.

Question 50

Diastole refers to

A)relaxation.
B)contraction.
C)stimulation.

Question 51

During atrial systole,the AV valves are ______ and the semilunar valves are _____.

A)closed;open
B)closed;closed
C)open;closed
D)open;open

Question 52

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute is the

A)stroke volume.
B)heart rate.
C)cardiac output.
D)cardiac cycle.

Question 53

Cardiac output is equal to

A)heart rate $\times$ stroke volume.
B)heart rate / stroke volume.
C)stroke volume + heart rate.
D)stroke volume - heart rate

Question 54

Which chambers contract simultaneously?

A)two atria
B)right atrium and right ventricle
C)all chambers contract simultaneously
D)all chambers contract separately

Question 55

The cardioregulatory center is located in the

A)cerebrum.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.

Question 56

A heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

A)tachycardiA.
B)fibrillation.
C)bradycardia.
D)ectopic.

Question 57

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
D)increase,then decrease.

Question 58

The cardiac output is dependent on

A)heart rate.
B)respiration rate.
C)stroke volume
D)Both heart rate and stroke volume are correct.

Question 59

Which of the following does NOT affect the stroke volume of the heart?

A)oxygen concentration of the blood
B)strength of contraction of the ventricles
C)blood electrolyte concentration
D)venous return to the right atrium

Question 60

The adjustment of the contraction of the heart to changes in venous return is known as the

A)ECG.
B)Frank-Starling law.
C)cardiac cycle.
D)cardiac circuit.

Question 61

__________ handle tissue exchange.

A)Veins
B)Arteries
C)Capillaries

Question 62

What structures control blood flow into capillary beds?

A)adhesion junctions
B)precapillary sphincters
C)arteriovenous shunt
D)semilunar valve

Question 63

What is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke in North America?

A)alcohol
B)smoking
C)arteriosclerosis
D)hypertension

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a tissue layer of a blood vessel?

A)tunica interna
B)tunica externa
C)tunica muscularis
D)tunica media

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of arteriosclerosis?

A)low-level bacterial or viral infections
B)smoking
C)high cholesterol
D)hypotension

Question 66

Osmotic pressure is created from

A)the pumping of the heart.
B)movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
C)a difference in solute concentration on either side of a semipermeable membrane.
D)blood volume.

Question 67

List the three waves of an ECG and explain what physiological activity each wave represents.

Question 68

The heart must have a nervous system stimulus to contract.

Question 69

All capillary beds in the body are open all the time.
Capillary beds are open according to need.

Question 70

Constriction and dilation of smooth muscle in ________ is used to control blood pressure.

A)capillaries
B)venules
C)arteries
D)arterioles

Question 71

Endothelium with its basement membrane is found in the

A)tunica mediA.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica muscularis.
D)tunica interna.

Question 72

Hypertension will cause ventricular contractions to become stronger to overcome the higher blood pressure.

Question 73

__________ carry blood to the heart.

A)Veins
B)Arteries
C)Capillaries

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood vessels?

A)transport blood and its components
B)create blood pressure
C)carry out gas and nutrient exchanges
D)regulate blood pressure

Question 75

What type of vessel consists of one layer of endothelial cells?

A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles

Question 76

What is arteriosclerosis and why does it increase the risk of heart attack?

Question 77

Which pressure is greater on the arteriole side of a capillary?

A)blood pressure
B)osmotic pressure
C)blood pressure and osmotic pressure are the same

Question 78

_______ carry blood away from the heart.

A)Arteries
B)Veins
C)Capillaries

Question 79

What type of cell connections is found between endothelial cells of capillaries?

A)tight junctions
B)gap junctions
C)adhesion junction
D)intercalated disks

Question 80

Which type of blood vessel has very thick,muscular walls?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins