Deck 10: The Endocrine System

Question 1

A decrease in blood Na+ levels stimulates the release of the hormone,aldosterone,from the adrenal cortex.This is an example of _______ control.

A)nervous
B)hormonal
C)tropic
D)humoral

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone?

A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.
B)It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane.
C)It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes.
D)Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The production and release of hormones is controlled by

A)other hormones.
B)nervous system.
C)other chemical substances.
D)All apply.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a

A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins.
B)group of secretory neurons.
C)connection with the posterior pituitary gland.
D)All apply.

Question 5

Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues are called

A)serous secretions.
B)mucus.
C)hormones.
D)synovial fluiD.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone group?

A)Modified amino acids
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Glycoproteins

Question 7

Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.

Question 8

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by producing

A)nerve impulses.
B)releasing hormones.
C)inhibiting hormones.
D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.

Question 9

When ions or molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone,it is called _______ control.

A)hormonal
B)nervous
C)humoral
D)molecular

Question 10

Most hormone action is regulated by

A)negative feedback mechanisms.
B)positive feedback mechanisms.
C)the central nervous system.
D)digestive mechanisms.

Question 11

Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity?

A)Thymus gland
B)Pineal gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Hypothalamus

Question 12

Which endocrine gland is found in the thoracic cavity,superior to the heart?

A)Thyroid gland
B)Adrenal gland
C)Thymus gland
D)Pancreatic islets

Question 13

With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated?

A)Cerebrum
B)Cerebellum
C)Thalamus
D)Hypothalamus

Question 14

Which endocrine glands are located in the abdominal cavity?

A)Pancreas and thyroid gland
B)Pineal gland and parathyroid glands
C)Adrenal glands and ovaries
D)Pancreas and adrenal glands

Question 15

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis.

Question 16

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the

A)adenohypophysis.
B)hypothalamus.
C)neurohypophysis.
D)midbrain.

Question 17

Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts?

A)Endocrine
B)Exocrine

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone?

A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein.
B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA.
C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.
D)Intracellular enzymes,made from the DNA,direct cellular changes.

Question 19

The adenohypophysis is another name for the

A)anterior pituitary gland.
B)hypothalamus.
C)posterior pituitary gland.
D)None apply.

Question 20

Explain what is meant by negative feedback in reference to hormone regulation.

Question 21

What is the target organ of thyroxine?

A)Pancreas
B)Ovaries
C)Adrenal glands
D)No specific organs;most body cells

Question 22

What type of cells produce oxytocin and ADH?

A)Glandular cells
B)Neurons
C)Neurosecretory cells
D)Neurohypophysis cells

Question 23

Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as

A)simple goiter.
B)Graves disease.
C)myxedema.
D)exophthalmic goiter.

Question 24

What is the function of thyroxine?

A)It increases the metabolic rate.
B)It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water.
C)It raises blood sugar.
D)It stimulates protein synthesis.

Question 25

The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the ____ to produce its hormones.

A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal cortex
C)adrenal medulla
D)gonads

Question 26

Simple goiter

A)is due to lack of iodine.
B)is due to high levels of thyroxine in the blood.
C)is an enlargement of the thymus gland.
D)is described by all of these characteristics.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

A)ADH is produced by the hypothalamus.
B)ADH causes water to be reabsorbed into kidney capillaries.
C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.
D)ADH causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

Question 28

A deficiency of ADH will result in

A)diabetes insipidus.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)large urine volume and increased thirst.
D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

Question 29

An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause

A)gigantism.
B)pituitary dwarfism.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes insipidus.

Question 30

Myxedema is characterised by all of the following EXCEPT

A)lethargy and lower pulse.
B)hyperactivity and insomnia.
C)weight gain.
D)lowered body temperature.

Question 31

An increase in growth hormone after growing years will cause

A)gigantism.
B)pituitary dwarfism.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes insipidus.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone (GH)?

A)GH stimulates protein synthesis in bone,cartilage,and muscle.
B)GH increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells.
C)GH is also known as vasopressin.
D)GH promotes fat metabolism as opposed to glucose metabolism.

Question 33

Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones?

A)Posterior pituitary
B)Anterior pituitary
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal gland

Question 34

What element is needed for thyroxine production?

A)Calcium
B)Iodine
C)Sodium
D)Potassium

Question 35

Which of the following are gonadotropic hormones?

A)ACTH and FSH
B)FSH and LH
C)LH and TSH
D)ACTH and TSH

Question 36

Which of the following hormones will affect another endocrine gland?

A)TSH
B)ACTH
C)Gonadotropins
D)All apply.

Question 37

Hyperthyroidism in adults caused by oversecretion of thyroxine is known as

A)simple goiter.
B)Graves disease.
C)myxedema.
D)acromegaly.

Question 38

What hormone causes breast development and production of milk?

A)Oxytocin
B)Gonadotropins
C)Prolactin
D)ADH

Question 39

Which hormone is needed for thyroxine production?

A)ACTH
B)GH
C)ADH
D)TSH

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true concerning oxytocin?

A)Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during childbirth.
B)Oxytocin produces milk let-down during nursing.
C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.
D)Oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a target organ of parathyroid hormone?

A)Muscle
B)Bone
C)Intestines
D)Kidneys

Question 42

Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to

A)thyroxine.
B)calcitonin.
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
D)aldosterone.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids?

A)Promotes the metabolism of fatty acids instead of carbohydrates.
B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium.
C)Promotes the breakdown of muscle proteins to amino acids.
D)Can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Question 44

Excessive PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.
Deficient PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.

Question 45

Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of

A)congenital hypothyroidism.
B)myxedema.
C)Graves' disease.
D)acromegaly.

Question 46

How does PTH stimulate absorption of calcium from the intestines?

A)Increases peristalsis
B)Activates calcitrol
C)Activates osteoclasts
D)Stimulates intestinal enzymes

Question 47

Calcitonin

A)raises blood calcium.
B)lowers blood calcium.
C)deposits excess calcium into bones.
D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

Question 48

Hypocalcemia can result in

A)muscle weakness.
B)renal failure.
C)depressed nervous system.
D)tetany.

Question 49

Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands?

A)Anterior and posterior
B)Lateral and medial
C)Cortex and medulla
D)Dorsal and ventral

Question 50

The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal cortex.
The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla.

Question 51

Which portion of the adrenal gland may be associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

A)Medulla
B)Cortex
C)Medulla and cortex

Question 52

PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels.

Question 53

Epinephrine is produced by the

A)adrenal medullA.
B)adrenal cortex.
C)thyroid gland.
D)thymus.

Question 54

The most important mineralocorticoid is

A)cortisol.
B)epinephrine.
C)aldosterone.
D)norepinephrine.

Question 55

The adrenal medulla is under parasympathetic nervous system control.
The adrenal medulla is under sympathetic nervous system control.

Question 56

Cortisol

A)reduces inflammation,pain,and swelling.
B)may be used to treat arthritis.
C)may suppress the immune system.
D)All apply.

Question 57

ACTH

A)is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
B)stimulates the adrenal cortex.
C)stimulates the adrenal medulla.
D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

Question 58

Calcitonin

A)is produced by the thyroid gland.
B)is produced by the parathyroid gland.
C)lowers the metabolic rate.
D)is produced by the parathyroid gland and lowers the metabolic rate.

Question 59

Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress?

A)Epinephrine
B)Glucocorticoids
C)Mineralocorticoids
D)All apply.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the release of parathyroid hormone?

A)Release of calcium from bones
B)Increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C)Increased blood phosphate levels
D)Activation of vitamin D for increased intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 61

Insulin results in

A)most cells taking up glucose.
B)fat cells making more fat.
C)converting glycogen to glucose.
D)Both most cells taking up glucose and fat cells making more fat are correct.

Question 62

The main stimulus for the release of aldosterone comes from the

A)adrenal medullA.
B)anterior pituitary.
C)kidneys.
D)lungs.

Question 63

The pancreatic islets

A)produce insulin.
B)produce glucagon.
C)produce digestive enzymes.
D)produce both insulin and glucagon.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a result of Cushing syndrome?

A)Bronzing of the skin
B)Fat deposited in the trunk
C)Moon-shaped face
D)Hypertension

Question 65

What condition occurs due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Addison disease
D)Hashimoto's disease

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a short-term stress response?

A)Heartbeat and blood pressure increase
B)Blood glucose levels increase
C)Muscles are energized
D)Reduction of inflammation

Question 67

Atrial natriuretic hormone

A)is produced by the heart.
B)is secreted when blood volume is too high.
C)inhibits aldosterone secretion.
D)All apply.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT true about the pancreas?

A)Exocrine tissue produces digestive enzymes.
B)Endocrine tissue produces hormones.
C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets.
D)The hormones released maintain glucose homeostasis.

Question 69

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

A)Decreasing blood glucose levels
B)Decreasing blood sodium levels
C)Increasing blood glucose levels
D)Increasing blood calcium levels

Question 70

What are the target tissues for glucagon?

A)Pancreas and liver
B)Skeletal muscle and liver
C)Liver and kidneys
D)Adipose tissue and liver

Question 71

The pancreas is composed of glandular and nervous tissue.
The pancreas is composed of exocrine and endocrine glandular tissues.

Question 72

What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Addison disease
D)Hashimoto's disease

Question 73

What hormone is antagonistic to the actions of aldosterone?

A)Cortisol
B)Atrial natriuretic hormone
C)ACTH
D)Epinephrine

Question 74

What chemical is secreted by the kidneys when blood sodium is low and (or)blood pressure is low?

A)Renin
B)Angiotensin
C)ACTH
D)Aldosterone

Question 75

The action(s)of aldosterone is (are)to

A)promote renal reabsorption of water.
B)promote renal excretion of potassium.
C)promote renal reabsorption of sodium.
D)All apply.

Question 76

What stimulus will cause the secretion of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)?

A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart
B)Increased blood volume in the kidneys
C)Decreased blood sodium levels
D)None apply.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Addison's disease?

A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure
B)Excessive,but ineffective ACTH
C)Bronzing of the skin
D)Loss of sodium and water leading to low blood pressure

Question 78

Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium,while ANH will cause ____ of sodium.

A)excretion;reabsorption
B)reabsorption;excretion

Question 79

Which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen?

A)Glucagon
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon and insulin

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles.
B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood.
C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.
D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.