Deck 7: The Muscular System

Question 1

Which of the following connective tissue sheaths covers the muscle organ itself?

A)Endomysium
B)Epimysium
C)Fascia
D)Perimysium

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Skeletal muscle contraction is necessary for upright posture.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The A band

A)is in the center of the sarcomere.
B)is the dark region of the sarcomere.
C)contains the overlapping of the thick and thin filaments.
D)All apply

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What does the endomysium cover?

A)A muscle fiber
B)A muscle fascicle
C)The whole muscle organ
D)The tendon of a muscle

Question 5

Which of the following surrounds a fascicle?

A)Endomysium
B)Epimysium
C)Fascia
D)Perimysium

Question 6

Myofibrils

A)are located in muscle fibers.
B)are contractile units.
C)have striations.
D)All apply

Question 7

A bundle of muscles fibers is a myofilament.
A bundle of muscle fibers is a fascicle.

Question 8

The smooth ER that stores calcium ions is the

A)sarcolemmA.
B)sarcoplasm.
C)T tubules.
D)sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

The special name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is the

A)sarcolemmA.
B)sarcoplasm.
C)T tubules.
D)sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

A sarcomere is

A)formed from myosin only.
B)the distance between Z lines.
C)the length of the H zone.
D)between the I bands.

Question 11

The extensions of the sarcolemma that carry the nerve impulses deep into the sarcoplasm are the

A)sarcolemmas.
B)myoglobins.
C)T tubules.
D)sarcoplasmic reticulums.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?

A)Generate heat
B)Maintain posture
C)Move food through the GI tract
D)Keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics

Question 13

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal organs?

A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
D)Both smooth and skeletal are correct.

Question 14

Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks?

A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.

Question 15

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary?

A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
D)Both cardiac and smooth are correct.

Question 16

The pressure of skeletal muscle contraction is important in maintaining blood circulation.

Question 17

Cardiac muscle fibers need outside nervous stimulation in order to contract.
Cardiac muscle fibers do not need outside nervous stimulation to contract;skeletal muscle does.

Question 18

Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the thin filament?

A)Tropomyosin
B)Myosin
C)Troponin
D)Actin

Question 19

Which type of muscle tissue is striated?

A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.

Question 20

Myosin is

A)a protein.
B)the thin filament.
C)pulled inward during contraction.
D)All apply

Question 21

The power stroke of muscle contraction is when the myosin cross-bridges pull the actin toward the middle of the sarcomere.

Question 22

Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges?

A)Myosin
B)Actin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Troponin

Question 23

Lactic acid buildup

A)occurs after strenuous activity.
B)occurs due to lack of oxygen and ATP.
C)causes cramps.
D)All apply.

Question 24

The I band is dark and split by a Z line.
The I band is light and split by a Z line.

Question 25

What is released from axon terminals to stimulate a muscle fiber to contract?

A)Calcium ions
B)Acetylcholine
C)ATP
D)Troponin

Question 26

Myoglobin

A)breaks down glycogen.
B)holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells.
C)is a protein involved in the addition of a phosphate to ADP.
D)produces the axon terminal signal.

Question 27

Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments arranged the same way as in skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments that are arranged in a different pattern compared to skeletal muscle.

Question 28

What is the sign that a person has accrued an oxygen debt?

A)Inability of muscle to contract
B)Rigor mortis
C)Heavy breathing
D)Fainting

Question 29

Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt,a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid.As a result,the pyruvic acid is converted to

A)a strong base.
B)stearic acid.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)lactic aciD.

Question 30

What process provides the most of a muscle's ATP?

A)Cellular respiration
B)Lactic acid fermentation
C)Creatine phosphate breakdown
D)Alcoholic fermentation

Question 31

After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased,the calcium

A)is destroyed by cholinesterase.
B)is chemically bound to the filaments.
C)level in the sarcoplasm increases.
D)is actively pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage.

Question 32

What is the role of ATP in the sliding filament theory?

A)Energizes the myosin cross-bridge
B)Releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C)Breaks the link between actin and myosin
D)Both energizes the myosin cross-bridge and breaks the link between actin and myosin.

Question 33

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction describes

A)how a sarcomere shortens.
B)the disappearance of the A band.
C)the movement of the myosin in relation to the actin.
D)All apply

Question 34

What is ATP used for in the process of muscle contraction?

A)Pump calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B)Power stroke of myosin cross-bridge
C)Release of myosin from actin
D)All apply.

Question 35

What is the role of myoglobin in muscle contraction?

A)Oxygen carrier in muscle
B)Blood carrier in muscle
C)ATP carrier in muscle
D)Creatine phosphate generator in muscle

Question 36

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by

A)forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin.
B)forming a chemical compound with actin.
C)inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments.
D)storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needeD.

Question 37

What ion is necessary for cross-bridging?

A)Iron
B)Sodium
C)Potassium
D)Calcium

Question 38

What is the correct order of events in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?
1)Myosin head binds to actin
2)Calcium ions bind to troponin
3)Myosin cross-bridges bend pulling actin toward center of sarcomere
4)ATP is split into ADP and P
5)Tropomyosin moves to expose active sites of actin
6)Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions
7)ADP and P released from myosin

A)2,4,6,1,3,5,7
B)1,2,3,4,5,6,7
C)6,2,5,4,1,7,3
D)4,2,7,1,6,5,3

Question 39

In smooth muscle,the thin filaments are attached to ______ that will draw the cell inward during contraction.

A)thick filaments
B)Z lines
C)dense bodies
D)myosin

Question 40

What does calcium do during muscle contraction?

A)Binds to troponin
B)Binds to the cross bridges
C)Supplies energy
D)Hydrolyzes ATP

Question 41

Which of the following obeys the all-or-none law?

A)The whole muscle
B)A muscle fiber
C)The whole muscle and a muscle fiber

Question 42

The more stimulation a muscle receives,the more motor units are activated.This is called

A)fatigue.
B)oxygen debt.
C)recruitment.
D)hypertrophy.

Question 43

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply,oxygen supply,and tension.Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers?

A)A sprint by an Olympic runner
B)Swinging a baseball bat
C)Lifting weights
D)Mountain climbing

Question 44

Latent period is

A)the time of receiving many impulses in rapid succession.
B)the period between stimulation and contraction.
C)the time when ATP is depleted.
D)the time of muscle relaxation.

Question 45

Summation is

A)receiving many impulses in rapid succession.
B)the period between stimulation and contraction.
C)the depletion of ATP.
D)a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a seconD.

Question 46

A motor unit is

A)a group of muscles working together.
B)a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies.
C)a group of muscle fiber.
D)an artery and the muscle fibers it supplies.

Question 47

Rigor mortis occurs because

A)there is no ATP to relax the muscles.
B)the body temperature drops.
C)there are no brain waves.
D)there are no nerve signals.

Question 48

When muscles are not used,they shrink or

A)atrophy.
B)hypertrophy.
C)antagonize.
D)fatigue.

Question 49

A sustained muscle contraction with no relaxation is called

A)a twitch.
B)a tetanic contraction.
C)fatigue.
D)oxygen debt.

Question 50

Muscle fatigue is usually due to lactic acid accumulation in the muscles.How and why does this happen?

Question 51

The stage of a muscle twitch that occurs from the point of stimulation to the beginning of contraction is called the _____ period?

A)latent
B)lag
C)contraction
D)refractory

Question 52

If muscle fibers obey the all-or-none law,then how can muscles exhibit various strengths of contraction?

Question 53

The deadly botulism toxin can be used to release muscle contractures of patients with brain and spinal cord injuries,as well as,paralyze facial muscle for a "face-lift" effect.

Question 54

The muscles of people who train will have more mitochondria than those who do not train.

Question 55

Which type of muscle fibers would be utilized for short periods of walking or jogging?

A)Slow-twitch fibers
B)Intermediate-twitch fibers
C)Fast-twitch fibers
D)Medium-twitch fibers

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of slow-twitch fibers?

A)Have few capillaries
B)Small motor units
C)Have many mitochondria
D)Abundant supply of myoglobin

Question 57

What is meant by oxygen debt?

Question 58

A single muscle contraction lasting a fraction of a second is a

A)myogram.
B)muscle twitch.
C)motor unit.
D)tetanic contraction.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fast-twitch fibers?

A)Useful for bursts of energy
B)Fatigues quickly
C)Light in color
D)Mostly aerobic

Question 60

Fatigue is caused by

A)gradual muscle weakening after repetitive use.
B)depletion of ATP.
C)depletion of acetylcholine from motor neurons.
D)All apply.

Question 61

Which muscle is called the "trumpeters muscle",and aids in chewing and sucking?

A)Zygomaticus
B)Masseter
C)Levator anguli oris
D)Buccinator

Question 62

The gluteus maximus muscle is named for

A)its size and shape.
B)its size and location.
C)its shape and action.
D)its attachment and fiber direction.

Question 63

The muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the

A)prime mover.
B)synergist.
C)insertion.
D)antagonist.

Question 64

The ______ is used in forming a kiss.

A)zygomaticus
B)buccinator
C)orbicularis oris
D)orbicularis oculi

Question 65

The extensor digitorum is named for

A)its action and attachment.
B)its location and action.
C)its size and attachment.
D)its number of attachments and shape.

Question 66

Which part of a muscle is on the stationary bone?

A)Insertion
B)Prime mover
C)Origin

Question 67

When muscles contract,they shorten.So,muscles can only pull the insertion toward the origin.

Question 68

The orbicularis oculi muscle will

A)open the eyes.
B)raise the eyebrows.
C)lower the eyebrows.
D)close the eyes.

Question 69

The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm

A)are antagonistic.
B)are synergistic.
C)depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism.

Question 70

The _______ is used for actual chewing.

A)buccinator
B)masseter
C)zygomaticus
D)Both the buccinator and masseter.

Question 71

The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally.

A)trapezius
B)temporalis
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)suprahyoid

Question 72

The __________ raises your eyebrow.

A)biceps brachii
B)frontalis
C)hamstring group
D)gluteus maximus

Question 73

Which of the following structures are NOT involved with swallowing?

A)The hyoid bone
B)The masseter muscle
C)The suprahyoid muscles
D)The epiglottis

Question 74

The latissimus dorsi muscle is a _______ muscle.

A)round
B)triangular
C)wide
D)huge

Question 75

Which muscle is NOT used for smiling?

A)Zygomaticus
B)Temporalis
C)Levator anguli oris
D)Levator labii superioris

Question 76

The subscapularis muscle is

A)under the scapulA.
B)above the scapula.
C)inferior to the scapula.
D)beside the scapula.

Question 77

A prime mover for raising the mandible is the

A)temporalis.
B)depressor labii inferioris.
C)zygomaticus.
D)levator anguli oris.

Question 78

The _______ is used to smile.

A)zygomaticus
B)buccinator
C)frontalis
D)orbicularis oris

Question 79

Which muscle is named for its shape?

A)Frontalis
B)Masseter
C)Trapezius
D)Biceps brachii

Question 80

The biceps femoris is named for

A)its shape and location.
B)its fiber direction and action.
C)its shape and number of attachments.
D)its number of attachments and location.