Deck 12: Ethical Theories, Moral Principles, and Medical Decisions-PART A

Question 1

Who endorses utilitarianism?

A) Ross
B) Rawls
C) Kant
D) Mill

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What, according to utilitarianism, is intrinsically valuable?

A) Happiness
B) Acting from duty
C) Acting in accordance with duty
D) Autonomy

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which view would hold that a three month old fetus was a person?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Roman Catholic Natural Law ethics
C) Kantian ethics
D) Rawls's ethics

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Who would hold that public money spent on the allocation of medical resources could be spent unequally, provided that this inequality worked to the benefit of the least well-off?

A) Ross
B) Rawls
C) Kant
D) Nussbaum

Question 5

Which principle is informed consent most clearly grounded on?

A) The principle of autonomy
B) The effort principle
C) The contribution principle
D) None of these choices

Question 6

According to Kant, happiness is

A) the supreme principle of morality.
B) not a good at all.
C) a conditional good.
D) a categorical imperative.

Question 7

Many critics of utilitarianism argue that it cannot make room for considerations of

A) commensurability.
B) preferences.
C) justice.
D) rules.

Question 8

Which principle is most closely associated with the Hippocratic directive to help?

A) The difference principle
B) The principle of double effect
C) The totality principle
D) The principle of beneficence

Question 9

Which principle holds that cosmetic surgery is morally right only when it is required to maintain or ensure the normal functioning of the rest of the body?

A) The difference principle.
B) The principle of double effect.
C) The totality principle.
D) The principle of beneficence.

Question 10

According to Kant, what sort of duty does a physician have to accept someone as a patient?

A) A perfect duty
B) A rational duty
C) A duty of beneficence
D) An imperfect duty

Question 11

Whose view implies that everyone is entitled to healthcare?

A) Ross's
B) Rawls's
C) Kant's
D) Nussbaum's

Question 12

Which principle is also called the "greatest happiness principle"?

A) The principle of utility
B) The principle of double effect
C) The pleasure principle
D) The paternalist principle

Question 13

The view that physicians should always tell the truth to their patients as to do otherwise would be to fail to respect their autonomy would be best justified by

A) utilitarianism.
B) Ross's view of prima facie duties.
C) Rawls's moral view.
D) Kantian ethics.

Question 14

According to Kant, if I donate a kidney because I wish to be praised for my generosity, my action can be described in which of the following ways?

A) My action has no inner moral worth.
B) My action is in accordance with duty.
C) My action is not performed from duty.
D) All of these choices

Question 15

The principle of need is an extension of which principle?

A) The principle of nonmaleficence
B) The principle of beneficence
C) The principle of equal distribution
D) The difference principle