Deck 10: Human Populations the Kerala Model

Question 1

The discovery of penicillin,the first antibiotic,changed the face of disease management and treatment.For the first time,people were surviving infections that before would have killed them.How would you think antibiotics such as penicillin affect a population's growth rate?

Answer 1

With antibiotic treatment,more people survive diseases that would normally kill them.Since more people are surviving to reproduce,and their quality of life is improved (that is,they are not sick for long periods of time),antibiotics increase a population's growth rate.

Question 2

Refer to Infographic 1.As an emergency food supply in World War II,20 reindeer were taken to an island in the Pacific,along with troops stationed there.Shortly thereafter,the war ended and the troops returned home,leaving the reindeer behind.After 10 years,the population of reindeer had increased to 6,000.However,with no predators and limited food and space available on the island,the population crashed,with no reindeer remaining after 10 more years.Describe what lessons can be learned from this as it applies to human populations on Earth.

Answer 2

The island can be viewed as an analogy for our Earth.With limited space and resources available,unchecked population growth will reach a point where not enough resources are available.This could lead to starvation,conflict,and collapse of the human population,just as it did for the reindeer on the island.

Question 3

More than half of the world's population lives in ____.

A)North America
B)South America
C)Europe
D)Asia
E)Africa

Answer 3

Asia

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a reason the global growth rate surged as a result of the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s?

A)greater use of vaccines
B)access to cleaner water
C)improved nutrition
D)improvements to the educational system

Question 5

Which statement is FALSE?

A)More and less developed countries have similar values for demographic factors.
B)Desired family size is one of the best predictors of actual fertility.
C)The need for labor is a common pronatalist pressure in agrarian societies.
D)Total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has in the course of her lifetime.
E)A high infant mortality rate contributes to higher fertility.

Question 6

The crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths per ____ individuals per year.

A)10
B)100
C)1,000
D)10,000
E)100,000

Question 7

Life expectancy at birth has more than doubled since ____.

A)1600
B)2011
C)1800
D)1920
E)1960

Question 8

Why were population control measure taken by leaders of China and India in past years unsuccessful?

Question 9

When does zero population growth occur?

A)when population growth rates decline
B)when birth rates equal death rates
C)when the replacement fertility rate is higher than the death rate
D)when death rates fall
E)when birth rates fall and death rates continue to rise

Question 10

Zero population growth occurs when the population reaches ____.

A)demographic transition
B)the replacement fertility rate
C)the total fertility rate
D)the infant mortality rate
E)population momentum

Question 11

Emigration is the movement of individuals ____.

A)out of an area
B)closer to urban areas
C)into an area
D)closer to coastal areas
E)into more populated areas

Question 12

To control population growth,leaders in China and India have tried ____.

A)prohibiting families from having more than one child
B)forced sterilization for men
C)forced sterilization for women
D)fines and penalties
E)All of these answer choices have been tried.

Question 13

Worldwide,most human populations are located close to ____.

A)oceans or rivers
B)mountains
C)grasslands
D)deserts
E)forests

Question 14

The global population in 2017 was approximately _________.

A)700,000
B)7 million
C)7.5 billion
D)700 million
E)70 billion

Question 15

Which event 10,000 years ago resulted in a dramatic growth spurt in global human population?

A)an agricultural revolution
B)the Bronze Age
C)the Computer Age
D)the Industrial Revolution
E)the Black Death in Europe

Question 16

Annual growth rates peaked around ____.

A)2015
B)1955
C)1963
D)1800
E)2011

Question 17

The growth rate of a population is affected by which of the following?

A)crude birth rate
B)crude death rate
C)emigration
D)immigration
E)All of these answer choices affect the growth rate.

Question 18

The global population has roughly doubled since _____ to reach the current size.

A)1750
B)1800
C)1935
D)1967
E)2000

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a good predictor of population growth in a country?

A)the land mass of a country
B)crude death rate
C)crude birth rate
D)population momentum
E)All of these answer choices are good predictors.

Question 20

The change in population size over time is known as ________.

A)population momentum
B)crude birth rate
C)life expectancy
D)population growth rate
E)total fertility rate

Question 21

Which of the following is TRUE regarding values for demographic factors between more and less developed countries?

A)Developed countries have higher total fertility rates.
B)Life expectancy in developing countries is higher.
C)Infant mortality rates are lower in developing countries.
D)Crude birth rates are higher in developing countries.
E)Life expectancy is higher in developing countries.

Question 22

Refer to Infographic 4.Looking at these three age structure diagrams,explain which country will experience rapid population growth during the next two decades.

Question 23

The average number of children that a woman has over her lifetime is called the _______.

A)replacement fertility rate
B)total fertility rate
C)crude birth rate
D)population momentum
E)desired fertility

Question 24

Today,the United States and France each exhibit an aging population.Why is this such a concern for demographers?

A)Too many babies are being born.
B)People are dying earlier.
C)More people are retiring with fewer younger people to support them.
D)There isn't enough housing for the people.
E)The aging population is producing more waste than younger people.

Question 25

Which of the following is an issue that a country with a top-heavy age structure diagram would face?

A)younger members of the population being forced to care for a large number of older relatives
B)a shrinking workforce
C)higher wages,better working conditions,and more jobs to choose from for younger members of the population
D)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 26

A less developed country with high infant mortality and extensive poverty has a total fertility rate (TFR)of 5.7.Very few women receive a secondary education,and most do not work outside the home.What pronatalist pressures can you identify? What strategies can you propose to successfully lower TFR in this country?

Question 27

An age structure diagram that shows a significant loss in the male population for a specific age group is likely representative of __________.

A)epidemic
B)war
C)pandemic
D)emigration
E)natural selection

Question 28

The rate at which children must be born to replace those dying in the population is called ____________.

A)positive growth
B)fertility rate
C)demographic transition
D)carrying capacity
E)replacement fertility rate

Question 29

Why would airlifting crates of condoms and dropping them over African countries with high total fertility rates not be a successful strategy at slowing global population growth rates? What factors need to be considered,beyond making contraceptives available?

Question 30

What is total fertility rate (TFR)? How do programs such as Social Security,pension plans,and Medicare affect TFR?

Question 31

Globally,the replacement fertility rate is ______.

A)1
B)2
C)2.1
D)3
E)0

Question 32

As a country progresses from the preindustrial stage to the postindustrial stage,what will happen to the birth rate and death rate?

A)Both will increase.
B)Both will decrease.
C)Both will remain unchanged.
D)Birth rate will increase,and death rate will decrease.
E)Birth rate will decrease,and death rate will increase.

Question 33

You have been assigned the task of determining if a population will be growing,slowing,or declining.What aspects of an age structure diagram will help you determine what will happen to the population in the future?

Question 34

Kerala has population momentum for two reasons: lots of ______ and lots of _____.

A)younger people; females
B)younger people; males
C)older people; females
D)older people; males
E)females; males

Question 35

Cultural and economic forces that encourage women to have more children are called __________.

A)pronatalist pressures
B)population momentum
C)total fertility rates
D)demographic transitions

Question 36

Japan's population is fairly stable and is represented by an age structure diagram that looks like a(n)________.

A)pyramid
B)inverted pyramid
C)column
D)circle
E)square

Question 37

As a country's economy changes from preindustrial to postindustrial,low birth and death rates replace high birth and death rates.This phenomenon is known as _____________.

A)replacement fertility rate
B)demographic transition
C)zero population growth
D)total fertility rate
E)population densities

Question 38

A good example of a demographic factor that influences population changes is ________.

A)education
B)economic conditions
C)cultural values
D)health care
E)All of these factors influence population changes.

Question 39

A country with a growing population will have a ________ age structure diagram,while a country with a shrinking population will have a ________ age structure diagram.

A)pyramid-shaped; bottom-heavy
B)evenly distributed; pyramid-shaped
C)bottom-heavy; top-heavy
D)evenly distributed; top-heavy
E)top-heavy; bottom-heavy

Question 40

The industrializing stage of the demographic transition is characterized by _______ population growth.

A)moderate
B)slow
C)very slow
D)rapid
E)declining

Question 41

In terms of reaching Earth's carrying capacity,developing countries exacerbate the problem due to their ________,while developed countries also aggravate the situation due to their ___________.

A)unsustainable resource use; high fertility rates
B)high fertility rates; overconsumption
C)high immigration rates; low emigration rates
D)gendercide; overconsumption
E)use of nonrenewable energy; high death rates

Question 42

In the mature industrial stage,what happens to birth and death rates?

A)Birth rates remain high while death rates drop.
B)Birth rates begin to fall after death rates drop.
C)Birth and death rates are equal and low.
D)Birth and death rates are equal and high.
E)Birth rates drop as death rates rise.

Question 43

Which of the following correlates with lower population growth in many regions?

A)access to the internet
B)education of boys
C)reduced access to health care
D)economic opportunities for men
E)education of girls

Question 44

Refer to Infographic 5.The AIDS epidemic continues to affect certain African countries especially hard,as it targets individuals of reproductive and pre-reproductive age.Describe how this epidemic might prevent a country from proceeding through the demographic transition.In which stage might it be stuck?

Question 45

In which stage of the demographic transition does most population growth occur?

A)preindustrial
B)industrializing
C)mature industrial
D)transitional industrial
E)postindustrial

Question 46

The global replacement fertility rate is approximately 2.33 children per woman.Why is this value higher than the 2.1 replacement fertility rate in the United States? If the current global total fertility rate (TFR)of 2.5 were brought down to 2.33,would that be enough to allow for sustainable existence of humans on Earth? What others factors must we also consider?

Question 47

How does overconsumption in developed countries,such as the United States,affect countries in other regions,such as Asia?

Question 48

What is the ultimate population question?

A)Is the carrying capacity 7 billion people?
B)Is the carrying capacity 9 billion people?
C)Should China continue its one-child policy?
D)What is the acceptable quality of life?
E)Is population growth linked to climate change?

Question 49

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between carrying capacity and ecological footprints in a region?

A)Less developed regions tend to have a greater number of people,but a smaller per capita ecological footprint.
B)More developed regions tend to have a greater number of people,but a smaller per capita ecological footprint.
C)Less developed regions tend to have a fewer number of people,but a smaller per capita ecological footprint.
D)Less developed regions tend to have a fewer number of people,but a larger per capita ecological footprint.
E)More developed regions tend to have a greater number of people,but a greater per capita ecological footprint.

Question 50

The carrying capacity of an area depends on ___________.

A)resource availability and use
B)the growth rate of a population
C)the transition to renewable energy sources
D)the level of education of the people
E)economic level of the government

Question 51

Which of the following social justice issues influence desired fertility and total fertility rates?

A)education for women
B)access to health care
C)land reform for women to own property
D)access to birth control
E)All of these answer choices influence fertility.

Question 52

Which of the following would NOT be a useful approach to helping a country reach zero population growth?

A)identifying reasons why birth rates are high
B)increasing educational opportunities for women
C)increasing access to family planning programs and contraceptives
D)educating men and providing them with job opportunities
E)providing better maternal and infant health care

Question 53

Refer to the graphic below.Use the infographic to explain how countries in Latin America cut down vast amounts of forests despite not actually needing that quantity of the resource for themselves.

Question 54

The correlation between social justice and curbing population growth depends heavily on ___________.

A)economics
B)health care
C)education
D)culture
E)government

Question 55

Addressing which of the following will help countries lower their total fertility rates?

A)poverty
B)high infant mortality
C)lack of education for women
D)lack of job opportunities for women
E)All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 56

_________ have already undergone the demographic transition.

A)Developing countries
B)Developed countries
C)Countries with high replacement fertility rates
D)Agrarian societies

Question 57

You have been assigned the task of helping a developing country transition from demographic stage 2 (industrializing)to demographic stage 3 (mature industrial).How would you accomplish this task?

Question 58

To feed an increasing world population,humanity has needed to increase the carrying capacity of the planet.This has involved ___________.

A)dependence on the use of fossil fuels to grow food
B)dependence on the use of herbicides to grow food
C)removing more fish from the oceans than can be repopulated
D)destruction of animal habitat for human use
E)It has involved all of the above issues.

Question 59

Using the following information,at what stage in the demographic transition would this country be classified in: a decline in the death rate,advances in food safety and health care,a decline in the birth rate,and a slowing population growth?

Question 60

An increase in population causes all but which of the following?

A)an increased standard of living due to technology
B)land degradation
C)water supply depletion
D)water pollution
E)an impoverished environment

Question 61

What would the age structure diagram of Ecoland look like?

A)The base would be smaller than the midpoint.
B)The base would be equal to the midpoint.
C)The base would be wider than the midpoint.

Question 62

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
How much larger in global hectares is the per capita footprint of the United States compared to China?

A)3.6
B)4.0
C)5.0
D)8.6

Question 63

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
The resource deficit on 2013 was ______ billion global hectares.

A)8.4
B)12.2
C)20.6
D)32.8

Question 64

One way Ecoland could address reducing total fertility and helping the country reach zero population growth would be to ___________.

A)educate girls.
B)allow men to hold more jobs.
C)cultivate more crop fields.
D)increase immigration.

Question 65

Which of the following would be true of Ecoland's population?

A)They would have high population momentum.
B)They would have an average population momentum.
C)They would have low population momentum.

Question 66

Ecoland has a small ecological footprint.This means an average person in Ecoland uses _________ a person in another similar country.

A)fewer resources than
B)the same amount of resources as
C)more resources than

Question 67

Refer to the image below.Only one region shown in this graph produces more resources than it uses.How is biocapacity related to population?

Question 68

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
Which of the following countries would have a per capita footprint comparison similar to the United States?

A)Canada
B)Thailand
C)India
D)Nigeria

Question 69

The demographic transition stage Ecoland is currently in would be ___________.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 70

Match each term in the left-hand column to the statement that it best exemplifies.

Question 71

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
Which country has the smallest ecological footprint in global hectares per person?

A)Luxembourg
B)United States
C)United Kingdom
D)China
E)Haiti

Question 72

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
In which year did we begin to use more resources than we could replace in the long term?

A)1950
B)1960
C)1970
D)1980
E)1990

Question 73

Science Literacy Use Infographic 7 below to answer the next questions.
Approximately how many Earth's worth of resources was needed in 2013 to meet our needs?

A)1
B)1.5
C)1.7
D)2
E)2.5