Deck 10: The Social World of Adolescence

Question 1

In America,Black and White middle-class communities are similar in many respects but tend to differ in other respects.Which of the following characterizes the differences most accurately?

A)Black middle-class neighborhoods have fewer community organizations and activities for youngsters.
B)White middle-class neighborhoods have fewer community organizations and activities for youngsters.
C)Black middle-class neighborhoods are more likely to be adjacent to low income and dangerous neighborhoods.
D)White middle-class neighborhoods are more likely to be adjacent to low income and dangerous neighborhoods.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When peers and parents both support academics,adolescents tend to be successful students.When peers and parents are at odds on the importance or value of academics,which of the following is most often true according to research?

A)Parents' attitudes will always have the most influence on their adolescent child's academic performance.
B)Peers' attitudes are likely to have the most influence on the adolescent's academic performance.
C)There is no systematic relationship,sometimes peers are more influential,sometimes parents.
D)Parents' attitudes have more influence only when parents are warm and permissive.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following descriptions characterizes the changes in American society's attitudes toward adolescent risky behavior from the 1920s to today?

A)In the 1920s it was not seen as a serious problem,whereas today risky behavior is seen as a serious problem.
B)In the 1920s risky behavior was seen as a problem that could be addressed by social programs,like community activities for adolescents,whereas today we tend to see the problem as within the individual.
C)In the 1920s risky behavior was seen as a problem of the individual who needs treatment,whereas today we tend to see the problem as one that can be addressed by social programs.
D)In the 1920s there was greater concern about risky behavior than there is today,because risky behavior is much rarer now.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Brendt has finished 6^th grade in his elementary school,and is beginning 7^th grade at a junior high school.According to research on school transitions,what is most likely to be true for Brendt?

A)His transition to 7^th grade at a different school is likely to be accompanied by improvements in his academic achievement.
B)His academic achievement in 7^th grade would probably be better if the transition from elementary school began after 8^th grade.
C)His academic achievement should be about the same as it would have been if he had attended 7^th grade in his elementary school.
D)His achievement will be benefited if his parents take a hands-off approach and let him figure out how to handle the academic demands of the new school.

Question 5

Roberto,at 15,is finding that he loves to take chances.He enjoys the sensation of being on the edge of danger,whether he is trying a new drug,or riding in a car at top speed with his friends.He frequently looks to his friends before he tries something new,reasoning that if his friends aren't worried about the consequences,then he need not worry either.His reasoning reflects

A)life-course persistent anti-social behavior.
B)collective egocentrism.
C)positive self-esteem.
D)communalism.

Question 6

Research indicates that children's feelings of autonomy from peers are likely to be at their lowest point for which of the following age groups?

A)5^th grade
B)6^th grade
C)8^th grade
D)Autonomy from peers does not change from 5^th through 8^th grades.

Question 7

Which of the following describes a type of influence that parents can have on whether or not their adolescent becomes a member of a particular crowd?

A)Parents have no influence on their children's crowd membership.
B)Parents can affect their children's initial characteristics,which then affect crowd selection.
C)Parents can demand that children select a specific crowd.
D)Parents can use reverse psychology by acting as if undesirable peers are cool.

Question 8

Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents?

A)Authoritative.
B)Authoritarian.
C)Permissive or indulgent.
D)Neglecting or dismissive.

Question 9

Jasmine,age 16,has just begun an after-school and weekend job at which she expects to work about 20-25 hours a week.She plans to use her earnings to buy clothes,gas for her car,and to fund outings with friends.Based on research,which of the following is the most likely outcome of Jasmine's part-time employment?

A)Her grades will improve.
B)She will be more reliable and less likely to engage in delinquent behavior.
C)She will leave high school with substantial savings.
D)Her greater work time will negatively affect her school achievement.

Question 10

The unique state of instability and anxiety in adolescence,brought on by body changes,emerging sexual needs,hormonal shifts,cognitive changes,and changing maturity demands,is referred to as

A)frameworklessness.
B)collective egocentrism.
C)identity achievement.
D)moratorium.

Question 11

Studies of American schools indicate that as children move out of elementary school into middle and junior high schools,instructional practices are characterized more by

A)emphasis on discipline and teacher control
B)emphasis on cooperative learning rather than competition
C)a greater sense of community and caring
D)closer contact with teachers and other staff

Question 12

What percentage of adolescents typically are part of a "popular" crowd in American high schools?

A)20 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)60 percent.
D)Less than 5 percent.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics are typical of "popular" crowds in American high schools?

A)Heavy drug use and delinquent behavior.
B)Some drug use or other illicit behavior.
C)High academic achievement.
D)Strong ties with teachers.

Question 14

Roberto,at 15,is finding that he loves to take chances.He enjoys the sensation of being on the edge of danger,whether he is trying a new drug,or riding in a car at top speed with his friends.Roberto was well-behaved,outgoing,and happy as a younger child.If you were his counselor,what would you tell his parents about his current experimentation with deviant behavior?

A)Deviant behavior is likely to be increasing Roberto's peer rejection.
B)Roberto's risk-taking is unlikely to decline in young adulthood.
C)Closer parental monitoring can help reduce the deviant behavior and protect Roberto from harm.
D)Roberto's risk-taking poses no serious risks of harm,because it is considered normative.

Question 15

Experimentation with deviant or risky behaviors drug use,vandalism,sex,truancy,etc.)in adolescence is

A)not typical of this age group and can be considered a clear sign of mental health problems.
B)typical of this age group and can be considered statistically normative.
C)equally likely for boys and for girls today.
D)clearly on the decline in today's culture.

Question 16

Jacob,age 13,gets a laugh from the whole school orchestra when he imitates the music teacher,who is out of the room.The next day,Jacob's friend Brad boasts at lunch that "Jacob and I really got a laugh out of the orchestra at practice yesterday." Brad is identifying with Jacob and appropriating Jacob's accomplishment as his own.This example illustrates one kind of

A)social comparison.
B)emotional autonomy.
C)attribute substitution.
D)normative crisis management.

Question 17

The dimension of parenting style called parental responsiveness can usefully be broken down into two characteristics: acceptance affection,involvement,concern)and

A)monitoring.
B)authority.
C)democracy.
D)skepticism.

Question 18

High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?

A)More drug use but less involvement in other criminal activity among adolescents.
B)More deviant behavior and drug use among adolescents.
C)More gang membership among adolescents.
D)Less deviant behavior and drug use among adolescents.

Question 19

Juan,age 15,is Latino.Given his ethnicity,and based on the available research,what would you expect his attitudes to be regarding academic achievement ?

A)He is just as likely as other teens to believe that getting a good education is helpful for future success,but is not as likely to believe that failure in school will limit his future job options.
B)He is just as likely as other teens to believe that getting a good education is helpful for future success,and also that failure in school will limit his future job options.
C)He is unlikely to believe that getting a good education will have any effect on his future job options.
D)He is more likely to believe that he will have few job options in the future.

Question 20

When Marla,age 14,decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English,she is demonstrating the use of ____________ as part of identity formation.

A)attribute substitution with peers
B)normative crisis management with peers
C)emotional autonomy from peers
D)social comparison with peers

Question 21

What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens?

A)Peer mediation and peer counseling.
B)Bringing peers into therapy with the client.
C)Encouraging school-wide programs that break down barriers between groups.
D)Moving troubled teens to a new school so that they are separated from at-risk peers.

Question 22

What is the "two-pronged approach" to helping adolescents with their behavioral,social,or academic problems?

A)A focus on both peers and the school environment.
B)A focus on both parents and the individual.
C)A focus on reducing risk factors while also enhancing protective factors.
D)The use both medication and individual therapy.

Question 23

Describe and explain three main reasons that adolescents engage in reckless behavior.Be sure to define your terms.,

Question 24

Many large scale interventions have been designed to reduce problem behaviors in adolescence such as drinking,drug use,smoking,etc.)or to increase positive behaviors.Discuss some of the typical characteristics of the least effective and the most effective of these programs to date,based on available research.Use examples where possible.,

Question 25

Counselors need to be aware of social and cultural trends in adolescent behavior.For example,surveys of 8^th to 12^th graders in 2009-2011 showed that

A)teens' use of alcohol increased slightly.
B)teens' awareness of the risks of alcohol use has increased dramatically.
C)teens' use of alcohol has decreased dramatically.
D)alcohol and tobacco use by teens have both decreased.

Question 26

In a study of American Indian families who moved out of poverty the "ex-poor"),what were the effects on children's behavior?

A)The improvement in income had no discernable effects on children's behavior.
B)There was a significant decline in conduct disorder and oppositional defiant behavior.
C)There was a significant increase in depressive symptoms.
D)There was a significant increase in conduct disorder and oppositional defiant behavior.

Question 27

Mr.and Mrs.Brown have consulted you about their 13-year-old daughter,Joanne.She is not doing as well academically as she always did in elementary school.She seems to be involved with a popular crowd that is quickly moving into sexual experimentation and drug use.Describe the options that Mr.and Mrs.Brown have for helping their daughter navigate her early adolescence,based on available research.,

Question 28

Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school,which means that

A)They spend a great deal of time together.
B)They are best friends.
C)They share interests,attitudes,behaviors,and appearance characteristics.
D)They will not be able to make friends outside of their own crowd.

Question 29

To understand parent-teen conflicts,it can be helpful for the counselor to understand the parents' and teen's views of parental control.For example,teens often consider some aspects of parental control legitimate but not others.Which of the following kinds of rules governing behavior are teens most likely to feel that parents should not control?

A)Moral rules.
B)Conventional rules.
C)Personal rules.
D)Legal rules.
Chapter 10 Essay Questions
See answer key or potential essay answers)

Question 30

Brian,age 15,has surprised and dismayed his Catholic parents by insisting that he is converting to Buddhism.It all seemed to start when he became friends with an Asian American boy at school whose family is Buddhist.Explain Brian's behavior based on Seltzer's theory of adolescent identity formation.,

Question 31

For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior

A)provide factual lectures on the risks of alcohol use.
B)interview the teen about his or her own current beliefs and expectations.
C)establish a reward system for good behavior.
D)determine the extent of deviant behavior the adolescent has engaged in.
E)g.,alcohol use),one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion.Before a counselor can do so effectively,she must

Question 32

Some parents of adolescents are going through their own "perilous transition." What proportion of American parents report strong feelings of powerlessness,rejection,and personal regret when their children become adolescents?

A)Less than 5 %.
B)About 40%.
C)More than 60%.
D)Almost 90%.

Question 33

The parents of Abe,age 14,are concerned that he is watching violent movies and playing violent video games with his friends.You can advise them that

A)media portrayals of violence are not related to teenage aggressive behavior.
B)exposure to media portrayals of violence are related to teenage aggressive behavior.
C)exposure to media portrayals of violence seem to teach teenagers to favor nonviolence.
D)viewing violent movies is related to aggression,but playing violent video games is not.

Question 34

On the basis of research on parenting,what advice should counselors give parents about how much to be involved in their adolescents' school life?

A)Parents should not be involved in school-related activities,like monitoring homework,so that their adolescents will learn to handle their own problems with class work and teachers.
B)Parents should become more involved when there are behavior problems in school,but adolescents should handle all of their own academic problems.
C)Adolescents' academic achievement is likely to benefit when parents remain actively involved in school-related activities like monitoring homework and serving as partners in school decision making.
D)Reduced parental involvement in school-related activities promoted positive growth in autonomy and peer relations.

Question 35

Participation in after-school activities sponsored by school or community organizations is

A)unrelated to academic achievement.
B)detrimental to academic achievement.
C)positively related to academic achievement.
D)positively related to social competence but detrimental to academic achievement.