Deck 3: Leadership Variables

Question 1

_________ once said, "The ear of the leader must ring with the voices of the people. Together they rise to the challenge of the day."

A) George Patton
B) Will Durant
C) Kurt Lewin
D) Woodrow Wilson
E) None of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In _______, a classic study of leadership _______ was conducted by _______.

A) 1989; contingencies; Ken Blanchard
B) 1969; qualities; Peter Drucker
C) 1949; environment; Elton Mayo
D) 1939; behavior; Kurt Lewin
E) None of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Leadership effectiveness depends upon _________ of leaders, _________ of followers, and the _________ of the situation.

A) Timing; pulse; memory
B) Age; number; notification
C) Height; weight; length
D) Qualities; characteristics; nature
E) Gender; race; training

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_________, _________, and _________ are traits found in all charismatic leaders.

A) Education; opportunity; attention to detail
B) Training; sensitivity; patience
C) Experience; collaboration; emotional stability
D) Optimism; extroversion; a sense of adventure
E) None of these

Question 5

Psychologist David McClelland states that leaders do not use _________ and _____________; leaders arouse _________ in followers.

A) Envy; spite; skill
B) Prestige; position; desire
C) Ability; drive; hope
D) Intimidation; force; confidence
E) None of these

Question 6

Qualities belonging potentially to everyone, but possessed more fully by leaders, include all of the following except _________.

A) Vision and enthusiasm
B) Stability and concern for others
C) Self-confidence and persistence
D) Vitality and integrity
E) Hearing and size

Question 7

The most important quality of leadership is ________, including _________ and _________.

A) Knowledge; on-the-job learning; formal education
B) Motivation; desire; effort
C) Integrity; honesty; courage
D) Decisiveness; information finding; willingness to take orders
E) None of these

Question 8

Regarding the importance of enthusiasm for leadership effectiveness, _________ said, "Good work is never done in cold blood; heat is needed to forge anything. Every great achievement is the story of a flaming heart."

A) Martin Luther King
B) George Patton
C) Harry Truman
D) Colin Powell
E) Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 9

Concern for others requires _________ and ________, and the result is ________, which is the foundation of _________.

A) Experience; fortitude; learning; survival
B) Patience; listening; trust; loyalty
C) Discussion; contemplation; education; expression
D) Time; place; emotion; community
E) None of these

Question 10

_________ is an example of a visionary statement by _________.

A) "Seek first to understand"; Will Rogers
B) "Where do you want to go today?"; Bill Gates
C) "A mechanic in the White House"; Ross Perot
D) "Make my day"; Clint Eastwood
E) "A chicken in every pot"; Martha Stewart

Question 11

Vince Lombardi had a _________ personality; his followers' goal was to be equal to their understanding of his _________.

A) Schizophrenic; needs
B) Mercurial; orders
C) Stoic; desires
D) Charismatic; values and goals
E) Difficult; deficiencies

Question 12

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry spoke to the _________, when he said, "A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile the moment a single man contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral."

A) Imaginative nature of vision
B) Fact that all great leaders are builders
C) Principle that only a man can be a leader
D) Need for leading from a sound foundation
E) None of these

Question 13

Historically, researchers have focused upon two main theories of leadership effectiveness: _______ and ______.

A) Ancient; modern
B) Male; female
C) Centralized; decentralized
D) Trait; behavior
E) Time-sensitive; timeless

Question 14

Problems with _________, _________, and _________ are fertile fields for emotional instability that can reduce leadership effectiveness.

A) Methods; procedures; processes
B) Plant; equipment; supplies
C) Products; environment; government
D) Alcohol; money; relationships
E) Education; liquidation; infiltration

Question 15

About effective leadership, _________ said, "Nothing in life just happens. It isn't enough to just believe in something. You have to have perseverance to meet obstacles and overcome them, to struggle."

A) Winston Churchill
B) Martin Luther King
C) Henry Ford
D) Abraham Lincoln
E) Golda Meir

Question 16

Even if the spirit is willing, _________ and _________ are needed to fulfill the tasks of leadership. The leader needs _________.

A) Strength; stamina; vitality
B) Money; machines; planning
C) Manpower; methods; organization
D) Order; materials; control
E) None of these

Question 17

According to Roger Staubach, the key to self-confidence is _________.

A) The leader's natural-born talent
B) The support of caring teammates
C) How hard the leader works
D) Opportunity and position
E) None of these

Question 18

In _______, Ralph Stogdill and others at _______ evaluated leadership effectiveness based upon ______. At about the same time, _______ and others at University of Michigan studied _______ leadership.

A) 1945; Ohio State University; initiating structure and consideration; Rensis Likert; job-centered and employee-centered
B) 1955; Stanford University; time and place; Abraham Maslow; motivation and personality
C) 1965; Harvard University; education and experience; W. Edwards Deming; technical process and eclectic
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 19

Transformational leaders use _________ and _________ to raise the performance of followers.

A) Optimism; charm
B) Knowledge; skill
C) Preparation; perseverance
D) Energy; motion
E) Education; practice

Question 20

Almost always listed as important for leadership success is/are _______.

A) Basic intelligence
B) Clear and strong values
C) High level of personal energy
D) All of these
E) Training

Question 21

The concept of _________ is relevant to leadership development because leadership effectiveness is in direct proportion to _________ and _________, which come from within the person.

A) Multiple intelligence; commitment; passion
B) Hand grip; size; strength
C) Interpersonal attraction; identification; need
D) Political alliance; confidence; pride
E) None of these

Question 22

A transformational leader does all but which of the following:

A) Develops a vision that is compelling to followers
B) Articulates a strategy for bringing vision to life
C) Builds momentum by recognizing progress
D) Demonstrates character by setting an example
E) Takes credit for the accomplishments of others

Question 23

_________ is a special personal quality that generates others' interest and causes them to follow.

A) Vitality
B) Charisma
C) Integrity
D) Stability

Question 24

Characteristics of followers that influence the leadership process are _________ and _________.

A) Vision; enthusiasm
B) Respect for authority; interpersonal trust
C) Integrity; charisma
D) Persistence; concern for others

Question 25

_________ describes how difficult the leader's job can be: "…since no important decision ever pleases everyone in an organization, the leader must also absorb the displeasure, and sometimes the severe hostility, of those who would have taken a different course."

A) Peter Drucker
B) Margaret Wheatley
C) Chris Argyris
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Ken Blanchard

Question 26

In the passage, "He Made Me Feel Important," Vince Lombardi influenced his players because of his:

A) Physical size
B) Charismatic personality
C) Native intelligence
D) Personal insecurity
E) Physical Skill

Question 27

In _________, Stuart Levine and Michael Crom write about building trust in the workplace. His prescription includes _________, _________, and _________.

A) "Habits of the Heart"; respect society's rules; trust in time; end bitterness
B) "The Road Less Traveled"; never travel alone; always take a friend; be dependable
C) "A Great Place to Work"; do what you love; lend a helping hand; be considerate
D) "Leading the Way"; deal openly with everyone; keep promises; care about people
E) None of these

Question 28

Over time, the shift in emphasis for business success has been from _________ to _________.

A) Communities; systems
B) Command and control; relationship management
C) Innovation; hierarchy
D) Team building; skill building
E) None of these

Question 29

Increasingly, the American workplace is becoming _________, _________, and _________.

A) Contemplative; rule-based; quality conscious
B) Moderate; rational; organized
C) Fast-paced; culturally diverse; global
D) Customer driven; finance focused; geography-bound
E) None of these

Question 30

Participative followers _________ such management practices as regular staff meetings, the open door policy and sharing concern for people's feelings.

A) Oppose
B) Avoid
C) Dislike
D) Prefer
E) None of these

Question 31

Trait leadership theory makes the assumption that distinctive _________ and _________ characteristics account for leadership effectiveness.

A) Physical; cognitive
B) Cognitive; emotional
C) Physical; psychological
D) Values; psychological
E) None of these

Question 32

Characteristics of followers that influence the leadership process are _________ and _________.

A) Race; gender
B) Respect for authority; interpersonal trust
C) Past mistakes; future plans
D) Abstract reasoning; concrete experience
E) None of these

Question 33

_________ advocated a _________ style of leadership and _________ advocated a _________ style of leadership.

A) Jefferson; directive; Eisenhower; non-directive
B) Machiavelli; directive; Lao-Tzu; non-directive
C) Eisenhower; directive; Patton; non-directive
D) Lao-Tzu; directive; Elizabeth I; non-directive
E) Patton; directive; Jefferson; non-directive

Question 34

_________ is understood as honesty, strength of character, and courage.

A) Vitality
B) Charisma
C) Integrity
D) Stability

Question 35

In general, when work to be done is _________, _________, and _________, a(n) _________ and _________ leadership approach is best.

A) Immediate; consequential; technical; aggressive; directive
B) Clear-cut; routine; monotonous; non-directive; supportive
C) Caused by errors; high profile; high-energy; high maintenance; no-nonsense
D) New or dangerous; traditional; person-centered; soft; understanding
E) None of these

Question 36

_________ describes contemporary patterns of work that challenge the skills of today's leaders, including _________, _________, and _________.

A) Margaret Wheatley; contextual; sequential; organizational
B) Laurie Beth Jones; ongoing; intermittent; one-time-only
C) Herb Kelleher; speed; potency; customer-related
D) Robert Reich; knowledge work; technical skill; group interaction
E) Charles Handy; working at home; flextime; independent contractors

Question 37

If you have _________ intelligence, you have the ability to deal with people; if you have musical-rhythmic intelligence, you appreciate _________ and _________.

A) Intrapersonal; sculpting; surgery
B) Verbal/linguistic; logical reasoning; exploring patterns
C) Musical/rhythmic; saying words; using your body
D) Interpersonal; pitch; rhythm
E) None of these

Question 38

Successful leaders today must master challenges such as _________ and _________, as well as traditional duties such as _________ and _________.

A) Purchasing; inventory control; staffing; accounting
B) Advertising; sales; engineering; production
C) Office politics; re-engineering; work design; wage administration
D) Giving orders; quality control; public speaking; report writing
E) Developing people; doing the right things; organizing work; implementing plans

Question 39

Successful leaders today function more as _________ and ________, and less as __________ and _________.

A) Facilitators; teachers; enforcers; disciplinarians
B) Experts; performers; coaches; guides
C) Goal-directed; bottom-line oriented; considerate; supportive
D) Tellers; doers; askers; helpers
E) None of these

Question 40

Different kinds of intelligence include all of the following except:

A) Verbal/linguistic
B) Logical/mathematical
C) Visual/spatial
D) Bodily/kinesthetic
E) Memory/recall

Question 41

The most serious derailment pattern for leaders seeking promotion is:

A) Inability to build positive relations with co-workers
B) Inability to build and lead a team
C) Inability to adapt to changing bosses, followers, and situations
D) Inadequate preparation for promotion
E) Failure to meet performance objectives

Question 42

Select the answer that best describes the quality of the leader, characteristic of the follower, and nature of the situation most conducive to leadership taking place.

A) Selfishness, mistrust, emergency
B) Intelligence, experience, despair
C) Humanism, anger, routine
D) Self-confidence, obedience, confusion

Question 43

Sergio Marchionne is to ________ style of leadership, as Robert Selander is to ________ style of leadership, and Daniel Amos is to ________ style of leadership.

A) Free-rein; directive; participative
B) Directive; free rein; participative
C) Participative; directive; free-rein
D) Directive; participative; free-rein
E) None of these

Question 44

An important factor in determining leadership effectiveness is _________ based on preferred styles of leading and following.

A) The number used
B) Income and geography
C) Size and distance
D) Leader-follower compatibility
E) All of these

Question 45

Situational factors that influence the leadership process include:

A) Size of the organization
B) Social and psychological climate
C) Employment patterns
D) Type, place, purpose of work performed
E) All of these

Question 46

Qualities of transformational leaders include:

A) Determination, diligence, and attention to detail
B) Perception, persistence, and practical-mindedness
C) Bravery, strength, and technical expertise
D) Consideration, compassion, and reliability
E) Optimism, charm, and intelligence

Question 47

The three styles of leadership are:

A) High, low, middle
B) Directive, participative, free-rein
C) Traditional, modern, new wave

Question 48

All of the following are important qualities of leadership except:

A) Ability
B) Stability
C) Persistence
D) Charisma
E) Seniority

Question 49

Factors accounting for the victory of allied forces in Europe in the Second World War, according to Andrew Roberts, included:

A) The ferocity of the Russian soldier
B) The American arsenal of armaments
C) Germany's decision to fight a two-front war
D) The determination of Winston Churchill never to give in
E) All of these

Question 50

Edwin Ghisselli's six traits for effective leadership includes all but which of the following:

A) Need for achievement
B) Intelligence
C) Decisiveness
D) Self-confidence
E) Social status

Question 51

The cornerstone of Shackleton's leadership behavior included all but one of the following:

A) Leading by example
B) Communicating a vision
C) Keeping records
D) Maintaining a positive attitude

Question 52

The participative style of leading and following is:

A) Leader-centered decision-making
B) Follower-centered decision-making
C) Leader and followers share decision-making
D) Follow the leader

Question 53

Key factors in determining leadership effectiveness include:

A) Time, space, energy
B) Qualities of leaders, characteristics of followers, nature of the situation
C) Age, experience, gender
D) Government, business, industry

Question 54

Todd McFarlane's leadership success could be traced to:

A) Business location and financial management
B) Willingness to take a risk and focus on what he could control
C) Start up capital and delegation skills

Question 55

Qualities of ineffective leaders have been identified by _________. Six behaviors or flaws are:

A) Robert Blake; lack of job knowledge, poor communication, low commitment, poor preparation, bullying style, negative attitude.
B) Barbara Kellerman; incompetence, rigidity, intemperance, callousness, corruption, cruelty.
C) Francis Galton; low trust, abrasive style, poor technical skill, inability to delegate, overly ambitious, poor time management.
D) None of these.

Question 56

Ghiselli identified six traits as being important for effective leadership. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) Supervisory ability
B) Initiative
C) Intelligence
D) Strong ego

Question 57

If a decision is important, and the leader has little confidence in the judgment of subordinates, the leader is more likely to be:

A) Directive
B) Participative
C) Free-rein
D) Over the top

Question 58

A crisis can create _______ followers looking for a leader to resolve their dilemma.

A) Security-seeking
B) Loss-aversive
C) Group-oriented
D) Charisma hungry
E) None of these

Question 59

All of the following are factors that influence the nature of the situation or the context of leadership except:

A) Type of work performed
B) Size of organization
C) Social climate
D) Employee wages

Question 60

Causes of reduced willingness to trust in American society include the following:

A) Breakdown of traditional family structure
B) Decline of social structures such as church and school
C) Lack of shared community values, focus on self-satisfaction
D) Influential leaders putting self-gain above the public good
E) All of these

Question 61

Research shows transformational leadership has a ______ effect on performance, resulting in ________ levels of ________ and ________ as well.

A) Positive; positive; education; seniority
B) Negative; negative; engagement; retention
C) Positive; negative; pay; promotion
D) Positive; positive; motivation; organizational commitment
E) None of these

Question 62

Characteristic of the directive style of leadership is follower-centered decision- making, while the participative style utilizes shared decision-making.

Question 63

Kinds of intelligence include all but one of the following:

A) Verbal-linguistic
B) Logical-mathematical
C) Visual-spatial
D) Permanent-irreducible
E) Interpersonal

Question 64

James MacGregor Burns identifies Gandhi as an example of a transactional leader.

Question 65

Seven kinds of intelligence have been identified including: verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal.

Question 66

The dark side of leadership refers to:

A) The toxic effect a destructive leader has on individuals and organizations
B) The beginning phase of leadership before light and learning occurs
C) The depression a leader experiences when times are difficult
D) The second half of a leader's tenure in office
E) All of these

Question 67

Factors conducive to leadership change from leader to leader, follower to follower, and situation to situation.

Question 68

The best style of leadership depends on qualities of the leader, characteristics of followers, and the nature of the situation.

Question 69

Negative behaviors that harm leader effectiveness include: incompetence, rigidity, intemperance, callousness, corruption, and cruelty.

Question 70

Some people are more trusting and therefore more easily led than others.

Question 71

Behavioral leadership theory assumes that there are distinctive actions that effective leaders take.

Question 72

______ thinking is needed when there is only one right answer; ______ thinking is needed when there can be many right answers.

A) High; low
B) Abstract; concrete
C) Fluid; crystallized
D) Convergent; divergent
E) Pure; mixed

Question 73

In the case study, Mr. Black, Ms. Blue, and Mr. White, their leadership performance problems were poor time management, bullying behavior, and lack of job knowledge.

Question 74

Match the items below with their descriptions:

Question 75

The nature of the situation can have significant influence on the leadership process.

Question 76

R.J. House identifies the characteristics of charismatic leaders as being experienced, having technical knowledge, and having a strong need for control.

Question 77

Explorer Ernest Shakeleton's leadership success was based upon four cornerstones
1) leadership by example;
2) communicating a vision;
3) keeping up morale; and
4) maintaining a positive attitude.

Question 78

A combination of ________, ________, and ________ are needed for a place to be a magnet and multiplier for human achievement.

A) Timing; tension; ignition
B) People; products; processes
C) Environmental; energy; education
D) Faith; fortitude; fidelity
E) Talent; technology; tolerance

Question 79

Crystallized intelligence represents one's lifetime of intellectual attainment, while fluid intelligence is defined as mental flexibility as shown by the ability to solve problems in novel situations.