Deck 7: Patrol: the Backbone of Policing

Question 1

The style of policing that implements the criminal justice process as frequently as possible and offenders, regardless of their circumstances or the severity of their offense seldom escape sanction, is termed

A)watchman
B)legalistic
C)service
D)community-oriented

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of "active" supervisors?

A)leads by example
B)heavily involved in the field
C)controls patrol officer behavior
D)negative view of subordinates

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The "service" style of policing would most likely be found in which type of community?

A)an inner-city neighborhood
B)a small rural community
C)the suburbs
D)none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The area of patrol that receives a disproportionate number of calls for police service and/or has a very high crime rate is known as a

A)high crime area.
B)priority area.
C)hot spot.
D)force focus.

Question 5

The time taken for police to get to the scene of a call is measured and referred to as

A)response time.
B)work time.
C)scene time.
D)arrival time.

Question 6

The amount of individual police work done by patrol officers on a daily basis is termed

A)work style.
B)officer initiated activity.
C)patrol officer activity.
D)individual work production.

Question 7

Studies of the 911 call workload give a comprehensive picture of routine police patrol work.From these studies, what percentage of all calls for service was found to involve criminal law enforcement?

A)50-60 percent
B)85-95 percent
C)5-15 percent
D)20- 30 percent

Question 8

The method of patrol described as a difficult tradeoff between efficiency and community relations is described as

A)foot patrol.
B)motor patrol.
C)bicycle patrol.
D)community patrol.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of "supportive" supervisors?

A)provide inspirational motivation
B)provide discipline for honest mistakes
C)serve as buffers between subordinates and management
D)offer the space to perform duties without constant worry

Question 10

Who is responsible for the introduction of the 911 emergency number in 1968?

A)NYPD
B)MCI
C)AT&T
D)LAPD

Question 11

Only 20 to 30 percent of all calls involve criminal law enforcement. Most calls are actually

A)information calls.
B)drug violation calls.
C)service calls.
D)domestic calls.

Question 12

The first event to test the effectiveness of patrol that met minimum standards of scientific research was called the

A)Illinois Patrol Effectiveness Study.
B)Newark Patrol Response Survey.
C)Texas Patrol Response Study.
D)Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

Question 13

What area is considered the "nerve center" of the modern police department?

A)the communications center
B)the field of operations
C)the patrol station
D)police headquarters

Question 14

About how many of all calls received by 911 centers result in the dispatch of a police officer?

A)about 50 percent
B)less than 40 percent
C)about 75 percent
D)above 95 percent

Question 15

The type of program which officers are instructed to look for specific persons or types of crimes.Or to patrol certain areas intensively is called

A)special patrol.
B)directed patrol.
C)reactive patrol.
D)discovery patrol.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of "innovative" supervisors?

A)the tendency to form relationships
B)encouraging officers to embrace new policies
C)low level of task orientation
D)somewhat negative views of subordinates

Question 17

What is the easiest way for a patrol officer to avoid work?

A)procrastinate with report writing
B)delay reporting completion of a call
C)take extra lunch time
D)turn off the two-way radio

Question 18

The total response time between the commission of a crime and the moment a police officer arrives includes four separate parts.Which of the following is not one of the four parts?

A)reporting time
B)processing time
C)detainment time
D)travel time

Question 19

The "watchman" style of policing emphasizes

A)the provision of services.
B)limited use of discretion.
C)order maintenance and crime control.
D)peacekeeping without aggressive law enforcement.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of "traditional" supervisors?

A)They expect aggressive enforcement from subordinates.
B)They are likely to make decisions.
C)They engage in community-oriented activities.
D)They are highly task-oriented.

Question 21

Which organizational style emphasizes peacekeeping without aggressive law enforcement and few controls over rank-and-file officers?

A)legalistic style
B)militant style
C)watchmen style
D)none of these

Question 22

The Kansas City Patrol Beat Experiment tested only what area of police patrol?

A)the effectiveness of community programs
B)the effectiveness of patrol activities
C)the level of police patrol
D)the response time of police patrol

Question 23

The Kansas City Patrol Beat Experiment involved what type of patrol?

A)foot patrol
B)K-9 patrol
C)automobile patrol
D)bicycle patrol

Question 24

Modern police departments have instituted written policies in an attempt to control high-speed pursuits.These policies fall into general categories.Which category limits discretion by specifying the conditions under which pursuits may be initiated?

A)discouraging
B)restrictive
C)discretionary
D)judgmental

Question 25

Who first developed the standard workload formula for assigning patrol officers?

A)James Q.Wilson
B)Robert Peel
C)Patrick Murphy
D)August Vollmer
E)O.W.Wilson

Question 26

The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment found that additional foot patrol had what effect?

A)a positive effect on citizens' attitudes
B)a negative effect on citizens' attitudes
C)a positive effect on crime levels
D)a negative effect on crime levels

Question 27

Differential response programs classify calls according to which of the following criteria?

A)order of calls received
B)level of seriousness
C)workload of officers
D)time of day

Question 28

Which of the following is generally considered the least desirable assignment?

A)patrol division
B)detective division
C)crime scene investigation
D)the gang unit
E)the traffic unit

Question 29

Which of the following is not a part of the time between the commission of a crime and when an officer arrives on the scene?

A)discovery time
B)reporting time
C)preprocessing time
D)processing time

Question 30

____________, creator of the modern police, defined the purpose of police patrol.

A)James Q.Wilson
B)Robert Peel
C)Patrick Murphy
D)August Vollmer
E)O.W.Wilson

Question 31

In a police department, who are considered the "gatekeepers" of the criminal justice system?

A)patrol officers
B)detective officers
C)crime scene investigation
D)the gang unit
E)prosecutors

Question 32

What is the purpose of the telephone reporting units?

A)allows citizens to call police for advice
B)allows for a report of crime where no immediate response is required
C)allows officers to report completion of services rendered
D)allows police to call in crime reports

Question 33

Which city has the highest police-population ratio?

A)New York City
B)Boston
C)Washington, D.C.
D)Miami
E)Chicago

Question 34

What do most 911 calls involve?

A)order maintenance or service incidents
B)criminal law enforcement
C)hang-ups/ pranks
D)none of these

Question 35

What was one of the findings of the 1973 Kansas City Patrol Beat Experiment?

A)Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime.
B)Citizens noticed the different levels of police patrol.
C)More patrol presence reduced crime.
D)Routine patrol has no effect on crime.

Question 36

What is the reverse 911 call service?

A)A system that allows 911 to call back callers who have hung up.
B)A system that allows police to call citizens in a particular neighborhood with important information.
C)A system that allows dispatchers to call a crime victims' family for assistance.
D)A system that allows for patrol supervisors to monitor emergency calls

Question 37

Certain situations merit the assistance of the Non-Emergency Services Unit.Which is not a situation when citizens should call for a Non-Emergency Services Unit?

A)threatening phone calls
B)cold crimes
C)stolen vehicles
D)minor property crimes in progress

Question 38

The inefficiency of foot patrol coverage is offset by anticipated gains in what area?

A)reduction of crime rate
B)cost saving measures
C)quick response time
D)police-community relations

Question 39

What criticisms of 911-driven policing do advocates of community policing and problem-oriented policing make?

A)911 policing is reactive and limited to isolated incidents.
B)911 policing is proactive and problem-oriented.
C)911 policing works closely with community residents.
D)911 policing focuses on underlying problems.

Question 40

What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as named by criminologists?

A)People do not commit as many crimes in highly patrolled areas.
B)Many arrests lead to a lower crime index in a given area.
C)Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area
D)none of these

Question 41

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment found that

A)a 40 percent increase in patrol cars resulted in a 20 percent decrease in crime.
B)people felt safer when they saw more police cars on the street.
C)variations in the level of patrol had no significant impact on crime.
D)people noticed a reduction in police cars, and crime increased.

Question 42

The recommended number of officers for a sergeant to supervise is

A)about 4.
B)about 8.
C)about 12.
D)about 16.
E)about 20.

Question 43

To staff a single police officer position seven days a week and 24 hours a day requires _________ officer(s).

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 44

The style of policing that emphasizes responsiveness to community expectations and is generally found in suburban police departments is called

A)community-policing style.
B)legalistic style.
C)service style.
D)watchman style.
E)problem-oriented style.

Question 45

Two-way radio communication has eliminated the possibility of patrol officers avoiding work.

Question 46

When an officer stops or questions people, frisks suspicious citizens, and makes informal contacts with law-abiding citizens, this is called

A)officer-initiated activity.
B)over-enforcement.
C)zealous enforcement.
D)rate busting.
E)harassment.

Question 47

The style of policing that emphasizes aggressive crime-fighting and attempts to control officer behavior through a rule-bound, by-the-book administrative approach is called

A)community-policing style
B)legalistic style
C)service style
D)watchman style
E)problem-oriented style

Question 48

High-speed pursuits are a major problem in police patrol.

Question 49

Concerning shift assignment of patrol officers, a PERF report concluded that

A)in order for officers to know every district in town, officers should rotate districts once every three months.
B)in order to be fair to other officers, patrol officers should rotate shifts once every three months.
C)frequent change of shifts is deleterious to the physical and psychological health of an officer.
D)shift work has no effect on officers' health and job performance.

Question 50

Cities with more police per population have lower crime rates.

Question 51

The first scientific experiment testing the effectiveness of patrol was

A)the Manhattan Project.
B)the Dade County, Florida Patrol Experiment.
C)the Chicago Patrol Experiment.
D)the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
E)the St.Louis Preventive Patrol Experiment.

Question 52

The amount of time it takes for a police car to arrive at your house after you have called the police is called

A)response time.
B)arrival time.
C)appearance time.
D)answer time.
E)reaction time.

Question 53

The emergency system of 911 was introduced by the

A)Houston police department.
B)Chicago police department.
C)Seattle police department
D)American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

Question 54

The interval between the discovery of a crime and when the citizen calls the police is called the

A)response time.
B)arrival time.
C)appearance time.
D)answer time.
E)reporting time.

Question 55

The length of time it takes patrol officers to reach the scene is called the

A)response time.
B)arrival time.
C)travel time.
D)answer time.
E)reaction time.

Question 56

Patrol beat 144, which had one of the highest homicide rates in the country, was in which city?

A)Kansas City
B)Chicago
C)Los Angeles
D)Denver
E)Miami

Question 57

Community-policing officers spend less time in general patrol, but also less time than regular patrol officers in encounters with citizens.

Question 58

Patrol work is not the most important aspect of policing.

Question 59

Concerning the issue of one- versus two-officer patrol cars, the Police Foundation found that

A)one-officer patrol cars had many more officers assaulted.
B)two-officer patrol cars had fewer complaints against them by the public.
C)two-officer patrol cars had fewer officers killed than one-officer cars.
D)one-officer cars were assaulted less often and encountered fewer resisting-arrest situations.

Question 60

Approximately what percent of calls to the police are for noncrime incidents?

A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent

Question 61

What are the six factors affecting the delivery of patrol services?

Question 62

One-officer patrol cars are more efficient than two-officer patrol cars.

Question 63

Criminal law enforcement represents only a minority of all calls to the police department.

Question 64

The National Academy of Science report on policing identified the "standard model of policing." What are the five basic strategies for improving the effectiveness of policing that the National Academy recommends?

Question 65

Several studies have found that if you decrease response time you will increase the clearance rate.

Question 66

Some police departments are now starting to put video cameras in some of their police cars.

Question 67

In larger U.S.cities, most squad cars have two police officers assigned to them.

Question 68

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of foot patrol with car patrol.

Question 69

Because of community policing, most patrolling done today is foot patrol.

Question 70

What are some of the problems that dispatchers create when answering the 911 system?

Question 71

There have been four major observational studies of police patrol over the past 50 years.List and describe those four studies.

Question 72

What are some of the reasons why citizens delay calling the police?

Question 73

According to The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, the patrol officer is generally the lowest paid, least-consulted, most taken-for-granted member of the force.

Question 74

Explain James Q.Wilson's three styles of policing.

Question 75

Most calls to the police station are for serious criminal matters.

Question 76

James Q.Wilson points out that discretion decreases as one moves down the organizational hierarchy.

Question 77

More police are generally assigned to minority neighborhoods.