Deck 19: Biochemistry

Question 1

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and process that occur in plants,animals and microorganisms.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The smallest structural unit of a living organism is the cell nucleus.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Humans are better able to digest cellulose than starch because of differences in the link between the glucose units in the polysaccharide.

Question 5

Carbohydrates provide short term energy storage in cells.

Question 6

A fatty acid has a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with a carboxylic acid.

Question 7

Lipids are soluble in aqueous solutions such as blood and cytoplasm.

Question 8

Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature.

Question 9

A triglyceride is a fat or oil that contains a fatty acid bonded to three glycerol molecules.

Question 10

The human genome project was embarked upon in the late 1970s with the goal of mapping the entire DNA molecule.

Question 11

A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down into simpler carbohydrates is called a monosaccharide.

Question 12

Fructose is an example of a hexose,a six-carbon sugar.

Question 13

The nonpolar part of a phospholipid is repelled by water and is said to be hydrophilic.

Question 14

The polar section of a phospholipid is said to be hydrophobic.

Question 15

Monosaccharides typically rearrange in aqueous solution to form double helix structures.

Question 16

Lipids are considered to be more soluble in water than in other solvents.

Question 17

The four main classes of biochemical compounds are carbohydrates,lipids,proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 18

The term hydrophilic indicates a substance is repelled by water.

Question 19

A pentose sugar contains more carbon atoms than does a hexose sugar.

Question 20

The many OH groups present in carbohydrates such as glucose make them quite insoluble in water and blood.

Question 21

A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.

Question 22

The complementary strand of DNA to the pattern GAATC is TCCGA.

Question 23

Nucleotides contain a phosphate,a sugar and an amino acid.

Question 24

The bases on one strand of DNA pair with bases on the other strand of DNA through hydrogen bonding.

Question 25

A roundworm has approximately ________ genes.

A)46
B)20,000
C)32,000
D)3 Million
E)none of the above

Question 26

Protein structures are expressed in terms of amino acid sequence,the short-term repeating pattern,the long-term bend and folds and finally how proteins structures interact with themselves.

Question 27

DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids.

Question 28

The pattern Gly-Val-Gln-Cys-Cys-Ala-Ser-Val is an example of a primary protein structure.

Question 29

A codon is a section of DNA that specifies a single amino acid.

Question 30

The human genome project showed that humans have approximately ________ genes.

A)46
B)20,000
C)36,000
D)3 Million
E)none of the above

Question 31

Nucleic acids contain a chemical code that ensures the correct amino acid sequence for proteins.

Question 32

The exact shape that a protein takes depends on the types of amino acids and their sequence in the protein chain.

Question 33

Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome.

Question 34

Quaternary protein structure is simply the sequence of amino acids in that protein's chain.

Question 35

Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

Question 36

Amino acids are molecules that contain a side chain,a main chain,an amine group,a carboxylic acid group and a protein group.

Question 37

Humans must synthesize some of the proteins they need because they cannot obtain them from the foods they eat.

Question 38

Pleated sheet is a tertiary protein structure.

Question 39

DNA contained within the nucleus of most cells contains a complete set of instructions to make all of the proteins in the human body.

Question 40

Enzymes that act as catalysts are called proteins.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is FALSE about polysaccharides?

A)They are long chain structures containing large number of repeating monosaccharide units.
B)Starch,cellulose,and glycogen are polysaccharides.
C)Table sugar is a polysaccharide.
D)They break down to produce monosaccharides during digestion.
E)none of the above

Question 42

The only difference between starch and cellulose is:

A)starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of glucose units.
B)starch is a linear arrangement of sucrose units and cellulose is a linear arrangement of glucose units.
C)starch is a linear arrangement of fructose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of fructose units.
D)starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units with alpha linkages and cellulose is a linear arrangement of glucose units with beta linkages.
E)none of the above

Question 43

The main chemical components of the cell are ________.

A)carbohydrates,alcohols,proteins and amines
B)alcohols,proteins,amines and nucleic acids
C)proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,and carbohydrates
D)amines,lipids,nucleic acids and proteins
E)none of the above

Question 44

All of the carbohydrates below are hexoses EXCEPT:

A)glucose.
B)fructose.
C)galactose.
D)both A and B
E)Glucose,fructose and galactose are all hexoses.

Question 45

During digestion,sucrose breaks down into ________.

A)glucose and galactose
B)galactose and fructose
C)fructose and lactose
D)glucose and fructose
E)none of the above

Question 46

The region of the cell that contains specialized structures that carry out the cell's work is called ________.

A)nucleus
B)cell wall
C)cell membrane
D)cytoplasm
E)none of the above

Question 47

Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:

A)fatty acids.
B)fats.
C)oils.
D)amino acids.
E)All of the above are lipids.

Question 48

Which sequence below lists the order of the components of a cell,listed in order from inside to outside?

A)nucleus,cell membrane,cytoplasm
B)cytoplasm,nucleus,cell membrane
C)nucleus,cytoplasm,cell membrane
D)cell membrane,nucleus,cytoplasm
E)cell membrane,cytoplasm,nucleus

Question 49

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

A)oleic acid
B)linoleic acid
C)linolenic acid
D)capric acid
E)All of the above are saturated fatty acids.

Question 50

A seven-carbon sugar is known as

A)tetrose.
B)sevose.
C)hexose.
D)heptose.
E)none of the above

Question 51

All of the following are usable forms of carbohydrates by humans EXCEPT:

A)glucose.
B)sucrose.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)both C and D

Question 52

The human genome project is expected to:

A)help identify people who are susceptible to certain diseases.
B)help develop new ways to develop needed drugs our bodies make.
C)help develop new drugs to fight genetic diseases.
D)help understand the genetic basis for intelligence.
E)all of the above

Question 53

The portion of the cell that contains the genetic information is called:

A)cytoplasm.
B)membrane.
C)nucleus.
D)mitochondria.
E)none of the above

Question 54

The region of the cell that holds the contents of the cell together is called ________.

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)cell membrane
D)cytoplasm
E)none of the above

Question 55

An example of a monosaccharide is ________.

A)glucose
B)sucrose
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)both C and D

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT true regarding disaccharides?

A)The disaccharide link is so strong that it cannot be broken during digestion.
B)The link between the monosaccharides is called a glycosidic linkage.
C)Water is eliminated when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide.
D)A disaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of two simpler carbohydrates.
E)none of the above

Question 57

An example of a polysaccharide is:

A)glucose.
B)sucrose.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)both C and D

Question 58

A lipid is a chemical component of the cell that is

A)insoluble in water but soluble in methanol.
B)soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water.
C)soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
D)soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents.
E)none of the above

Question 59

An example of a disaccharide is

A)glucose
B)sucrose
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)both C and D

Question 60

Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:

A)phospholipids.
B)glycolipids.
C)carboxylic acids.
D)steroids.
E)All of the above are lipids.

Question 61

An alpha helix is an example of which type of structure?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 62

Cys-Ala-Val-Cys-Gln is an example of which type of structure?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 63

The primary interactions that determine the tertiary structure of proteins include

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)disulfide linkages.
C)hydrophobic interactions.
D)all of A,B,and C
E)none of A,B,and C

Question 64

A globular shape is an example of which type of structure?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 65

Which of the following statements about fats and oils is FALSE?

A)Fats and oils are made of a fatty acid with three glycerides bonded to it.
B)The bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol is an ester linkage.
C)A saturated fatty acid contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
D)An unsaturated fatty acid contains some double or triple bonds.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 66

Amino acids contain a(n):

A)amine group.
B)carboxylic acid group.
C)"R" side chain.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 67

Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are separated by long distances on the same chain?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 68

Which protein structure provides the short-range repeating patterns?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 69

Which of the following statements correctly explains the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

A)The amine end of one links with the amine end of the other.
B)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other.
C)The amine end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
D)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
E)none of the above

Question 70

The most common repeating pattern that is found along the secondary structure of a protein chain is

A)α-helix.
B)β-pleated sheet.
C)β-turn.
D)random coil.
E)none of the above

Question 71

Which factor causes the main difference in chemical properties between different amino acids?

A)amine group
B)carboxylic acid group
C)R group (side chain)
D)molecular weight
E)none of the above

Question 72

Which of the statements regarding phospholipids is FALSE?

A)A phospholipid has nearly the same structure as a triglyceride.
B)Unlike triglycerides,phospholipids have a polar region.
C)Phospholipids are common in the cell membrane.
D)A cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids and glycolipids.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 73

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A)oleic acid
B)palmitic acid
C)myristic acid
D)butyric acid
E)All of the above are saturated fatty acids.

Question 74

Which protein structure provides the arrangement of polypeptides?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 75

Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

A)Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
B)Proteins can act as biological catalysts.
C)Proteins are the structural component of muscle and cartilage.
D)Proteins are a main source of energy for cells.
E)All of the statements are true.

Question 76

Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are separated by short distances on the same chain?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 77

Which protein structure provides the large-scale bends and folds in the protein?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 78

Which of the following statements about amino acids is FALSE?

A)Amino acids are the monomers of protein molecules.
B)Amino acids all have an amine group,a side chain,and a carboxylic acid.
C)Amino acids bond to each other through a peptide bond.
D)Amino acids all have very similar physical properties.
E)All of the statements are true.

Question 79

Which protein structure provides the amino acid sequence?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure

Question 80

Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are on separate chains?

A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D)Quaternary Structure
E)Pental Structure