Deck 8: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Early in the twentieth century William McDougall and others proposed that motivation was a result of __________.

A)instincts
B)incentives
C)drives
D)emotions

Answer 1

instincts

Question 2

Donald believes all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and of below average intelligence.According to Dweck,what locus of control does Donald have?

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Answer 2

external locus of control

Question 3

The pursuit of an activity for external reward is called ______________.

A)the need for affiliation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)extrinsic motivation
D)a mastery goal

Answer 3

extrinsic motivation

Question 4

Extrinsic motivation is defined as _____________.

A)the pursuit of an activity for external reward
B)the pursuit of an activity for its own sake
C)the pursuit of an activity to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D)the pursuit of an activity in order to increase one's competence and skills

Question 5

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as ____________.

A)primary motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)secondary motivation
D)extrinsic motivation

Question 6

Early in the twentieth century William McDougal proposed that there were _________ human instincts.

A)five
B)nine
C)eighteen
D)twenty-four

Question 7

Little 2-year-old Dennis is always getting into things.He climbs up trees,jumps into lakes,and explores strange boxes.According to research,Dennis would be considered ______________.

A)low approach motivated
B)high approach motivated
C)moderate approach motivated
D)no approach motivated

Question 8

The process by which activities are started,directed,and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called _____________.

A)motivation
B)emotion
C)achievement
D)synergy

Question 9

Which statement about motivation is TRUE?

A)Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B)We are always aware of motivational processes.
C)There is only one type of motivation.
D)Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.

Question 10

An instinct is a tendency that is __________.

A)learned
B)conditioned
C)biological
D)easily controlled

Question 11

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of _________.

A)incentives
B)motives
C)instinct
D)needs

Question 12

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity ______________.

A)for external rewards
B)for its own sake
C)to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D)in order to be judged favorably by others

Question 13

Researchers have found that negative feelings such as sadness,anxiety,and depression seem to be a function of _______________.

A)the right frontal lobe
B)left frontal lobe
C)the hormone leptin
D)the occipital lobe and the pineal gland

Question 14

Drugs derived from opium are called __________________.

A)stimulants
B)depressants
C)narcotics
D)psychogenic

Question 15

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A)stimulus --> emotion --> physiological changes
B)stimulus --> physiological changes --> emotion
C)physiological changes --> stimulus --> emotion
D)stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

Question 16

Early psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to ___________.

A)emotions
B)incentives
C)learned responses
D)instincts

Question 17

What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)The highest level has never been attained.
B)Self-actualization is actually a biological drive.
C)The hierarchy does not have any focus on social needs.
D)Some people who struggle with lower needs may still satisfy higher needs.

Question 18

Raphael has only dated men in the past.He stated that in high school,he began to notice that he was only attracted to men.As a result,he has been in a relationship with a man for the past 5 years and is very happy.Raphael is considered _______________ in terms of his sexual orientation.

A)homosexual
B)heterosexual
C)bisexual
D)transsexual

Question 19

You just finished a cup of very strong coffee,which causes your body to have a general feeling of arousal.That afternoon you walk past a cemetery where several people are crying at a graveside.According to Schachter and Singer,which of the following would most likely occur?

A)Your emotion would be happy in spite of the scene at the graveside.
B)You would work very hard to control your emotion.
C)Your emotion would be sad since the context would affect your labeling.
D)Your emotional state would be impossible to predict.

Question 20

What do we call biologically determined,innate patterns of behavior?

A)drives
B)instincts
C)releasing behaviors
D)universal behaviors

Question 21

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive,thereby returning the body to a more normal state called _____________.

A)stability
B)equilibrium
C)homeostasis
D)physiological balance

Question 22

Primary drives are _________.

A)learned
B)unlearned
C)produced by external incentives
D)exceptions to the drive-reduction principle

Question 23

According to drive-reduction theory,what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

A)Tension is increased.
B)Stability is reduced.
C)Tension is reduced.
D)Drives are increased.

Question 24

The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n)__________.

A)emotion
B)impulse
C)drive
D)instinct

Question 25

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

A)eating food when you are hungry
B)going swimming on a hot day
C)eating when you are not hungry
D)smoking pot to relax

Question 26

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

A)a car
B)a thermometer
C)a cooler
D)a thermostat

Question 27

Drive-reduction theory would say getting a haircut to look attractive is a (an)___________.

A)homeostatic drive
B)acquired drive
C)primary drive
D)motive drive

Question 28

_________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs,such as those for food and water.

A)Motivation
B)A drive
C)A value
D)Instinct

Question 29

Thirst,sexual desire,and hunger are examples of ________ drives.

A)primary
B)reduction
C)secondary
D)internalized

Question 30

One positive outcome of instinct approaches was ____________.

A)that they gave birth to psychoanalytic theory
B)that psychologists began focusing on learning theories
C)that psychologists were now forced to consider the effects of heredity on behavior
D)a better explanation of behavior

Question 31

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called _________.

A)unbalance
B)acquiescence
C)propinquity
D)homeostasis

Question 32

Primary drives are caused by _________.

A)exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
B)learned behaviors
C)stimuli within the body
D)stimuli outside the body

Question 33

Instinct approaches to motivation have faded because they failed to accomplish psychology's goal of _________ human behavior.

A)describing
B)explaining
C)predicting
D)changing

Question 34

The chief function of homeostasis is to ________.

A)prevent balance
B)maintain a steady state
C)regulate emotions
D)control sexual urges

Question 35

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ________ theory.

A)reciprocity
B)homeostatic
C)needs
D)drive-reduction

Question 36

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called ______________.

A)stability
B)equilibrium
C)homeostasis
D)physiological balance

Question 37

What do we call biologically determined,innate patterns of behavior?

A)drives
B)instincts
C)releasing behaviors
D)universal behaviors

Question 38

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance is called _________ theory.

A)drive-reduction
B)homeostatic
C)needs
D)disequilibrium

Question 39

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called _________ drives.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 40

The ____________ approach to motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.

A)arousal
B)drive-reduction
C)incentive
D)achievement

Question 41

According to Carol Dweck,need for achievement is closely related to _____________.

A)genetics
B)geography
C)luck
D)personality factors

Question 42

Glenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence.According to Dweck,what locus of control does Glenn have?

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 43

Need for achievement is also referred to as _____________.

A)Ach
B)NFA
C)nAch
D)neech

Question 44

Ethan is an award-winning swimmer.His desire to compete and win is part of his need for __________.

A)attention
B)affiliation
C)physical activity
D)achievement

Question 45

A way to abbreviate need for power is _____________.

A)nPow
B)nAch
C)nEEP
D)nAff

Question 46

Which of the following is correct for all people high in the need for achievement?

A)They look for careers that pay a lot of money.
B)They look for careers and hobbies that allow others to evaluate them.
C)They look for careers that require little education.
D)They look for careers that will make them famous.

Question 47

Sydney said,"I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 48

Which one of the following statements would best be associated with Carol Dweck?

A)Looking smart is better than being smart.
B)Failure is a good way to learn.
C)Never fail,no matter what.
D)The best way to succeed is to always have the right answer.

Question 49

According to Dweck,the best parenting advice one can give to help children succeed is to ____________.

A)praise the good behavior and punish the bad
B)praise the good but say nothing about bad behavior
C)constructively criticize,and link the criticism with praise for the effort
D)criticize bad behavior and minimally praise good behavior

Question 50

Luc said,"I don't care what I do as long as I am the best at it!" What need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 51

Jack said,"I want to rule the world." What type of need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 52

Drives that are learned through experience are called _________ drives.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 53

nAch is an abbreviation for ____________.

A)no achievement
B)need for achievement
C)no challenge
D)need for change

Question 54

Bobby is a very active 5 year old compared to others in his class.He appears to seek a great deal of stimulation,and is very playful,curious,and explorative.Bobby's seemingly unlearned motives,which are likely to increase stimulation,are called __________.

A)developmental motives
B)exploratory motives
C)stimulus motives
D)cognitive motives

Question 55

According to Carol Dweck,these types of people believe intelligence is fixed,unchanging,and independent.

A)internal in locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external in locus of control

Question 56

According to Carol Dweck,people with this type of control believe intelligence is changeable and can be shaped by experience.

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 57

A stimulus motive is ______________.

A)unlearned
B)learned
C)acquired
D)based on behavior

Question 58

The need for ____________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

A)achievement
B)power
C)motivation
D)emotion

Question 59

Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life was "to be a famous star!" Monica's drive to be famous was a(n)______ drive.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 60

Donald believes all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and of below average intelligence.According to Dweck,what locus of control does Donald have?

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 61

In arousal theory,people are said to have a (an)___________ level of tension.

A)ultimate
B)lower
C)optimal
D)high

Question 62

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives ___________.

A)are inherited
B)exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli
C)exist independently of any need or level of arousal
D)only work for adults

Question 63

Jack,compared to most other people,appears to need a high level of arousal.He enjoys potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving,swimming with sharks,and bungee jumping from bridges.Jack is likely to be a __________.

A)show off
B)mentally unstable
C)sensation seeker
D)unhealthy

Question 64

Little 2-year-old Dennis is always getting into things.He climbs up trees,jumps into lakes,and explores strange boxes.According to research,Dennis would be considered ______________.

A)low approach motivated
B)high approach motivated
C)moderate approach motivated
D)no approach motivated

Question 65

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A)task instructions
B)gender of person doing the task
C)age of person doing the task
D)difficulty of task

Question 66

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A)Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B)Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C)Mary buys a new car.
D)Toni watches TV all night.

Question 67

Jerry gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town.He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works.Jerry is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n)_____________ need.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)power
D)aesthetic

Question 68

Jill is motivated by money and the things money will bring her.Jack is motivated by a belief in the importance of doing good things,and his incentives are based on that belief.Which theory incorporates both these types of motivational causes?

A)sensation-seeking theory
B)entity theory
C)increment theory
D)expectancy-value theory

Question 69

Things that attract or lure people to action are _____________.

A)instincts
B)incentives
C)stimuli
D)bait

Question 70

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says _____________.

A)performance is affected by levels of physical arousal
B)the more money you make the better your job will be
C)nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again
D)performance on tests is better in the morning

Question 71

Michael has trained very long hours in order to qualify for the Olympics in diving.He has sacrificed a great deal,putting his education on hold and spending a lot of time away from his wife and two small children.To Michael,qualifying for the Olympics is a(n)__________.

A)instinctual drive
B)incentive
C)innate goal
D)optimum goal

Question 72

According to Maslow,the motive of self-actualization makes one want _________.

A)to fulfill one's inborn potential
B)to have frequent contact with others
C)to possess as many material goods as possible
D)to convince others of one's true worth

Question 73

Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels "stuffed," the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up,so she orders one.Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?

A)incentive
B)instinctive
C)drive reduction
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 74

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following needs is a higher order need than cognitive needs?

A)belongingness needs
B)esteem needs
C)aesthetic needs
D)physiological needs

Question 75

Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year.As a result,he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge.According to Maslow,Bill may be attempting to meet the need of _______________.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiology

Question 76

Jenna skipped dinner last night to stay up late studying for her final exam.She went to bed at 6 am and had to be at class by 8 am.Her alarm clock did not go off as scheduled,and she raced out the door without eating.As a result,she was very distracted by hunger pangs and lack of energy while taking the test.She later learned that she failed her exam.Jenna could have likely performed better on her final if she had met a ______________ need before the final.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiological

Question 77

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S.Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization

Question 78

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy,which needs must be met first?

A)esteem
B)safety
C)physiological
D)belongingness and love

Question 79

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors.Dr.Jones would be described as ___________ in arousal theory.

A)foolhardy
B)a person high in nPow
C)a sensation seeker
D)a person high in nAff

Question 80

According to Abraham Maslow,developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.

A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization