Deck 21: Collective Action and Social Movements

Question 1

The level of unionization increases working-class power and is reflected in the political behaviour of citizens.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Breakdown theory focuses on the impact that shifts in the balance of power between disadvantaged and privileged groups have on the formation of social movements.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The B.C.Teachers Federation threatened various job actions after a year's worth of negotiations did not bring them any closer to a contract with the provincial government.What is the B.C.Teachers Federation engaged in?

A)a social movement
B)a protest organization
C)a social institution
D)an organizational change movement

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A fourth stage in the history of social movements involves the promotion of the extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society and to society as a whole.

Question 5

French unionization is an example of resource mobilization, a process by which groups engage in more collective action as their power increases, because of their growing size and increasing organizational material, and other resources.

Question 6

Involvement in a social movement is likely to require more of a sacrifice than most Twitter followers and Facebook friends are prepared to take on.

Question 7

According to relative deprivation theory, when are people induced to rebel?

A)when social strain increases to an uncontrollable level
B)when expectations decrease to low levels
C)when expectations and rewards balance one another out
D)when increased expectations are met with decreased opportunities

Question 8

Routine collective actions tend to be short-lived and sometimes violent.

Question 9

The violation of norms (sometimes called strain) is an aspect of breakdown theory.

Question 10

As a high school student, the author of the textbook failed to gain support against the owners of the local paper mill because he didn't frame the issues correctly.

Question 11

In the 1970s, the United States was the most strike-prone country in the world.

Question 12

What is the women's movement in Canada an example of?

A)a workers' movement
B)a new social movement
C)a reform movement
D)a transformation movement

Question 13

Absolute deprivation refers to the growth of an intolerable gap between the social rewards people expect to receive and those they actually receive.

Question 14

Sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument the contagion theory of crowd behaviour.

Question 15

The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 revealed that violence, especially the most extreme forms of violence, is most often initiated by movement partisans, not authorities.

Question 16

Solidarity theory focuses on who is recruited to social movements.

Question 17

Solidarity theory suggests that social movements emerge as a result of the disruption of traditional norms and social organization.

Question 18

In the 1970s, Canada was the least strike-prone country in the world.

Question 19

The United States Department of Homeland Security has developed a system of tower-mounted cameras and facial recognition software that can correctly identify people at a distance of 100 metres.

Question 20

In this textbook, the authors argue that the history of social movements is the history of attempts by privileged groups to narrow their members' citizenship rights and narrow the scope of protest to the global level.

Question 21

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

A)contagion theory
B)absolute deprivation theory
C)differential association theory
D)resource mobilization theory

Question 22

Led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP), a group of homeless people occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto.According to the textbook, what most likely sparked this action?

A)deprivation
B)breakdown
C)anarchy
D)anomie

Question 23

According to the text, which of the terms below refer to a citizen's right to a certain level of economic security and societal participation?

A)civil citizenship
B)economic citizenship
C)political citizenship
D)social citizenship

Question 24

Over the past 35 years, union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the United States.Why has this occurred?

A)because industrialization is lower in Canada
B)because government surveillance is lower in Canada
C)because strike activity is discouraged more in Canada
D)because solidarity between political elites is lower in Canada

Question 25

Two hundred union workers at a college are able to exert considerable pressure on their employer because their union local is part of a national union of 500 000 workers.Why was the small union able to exert such pressure?

A)because they belong to a political group that is prone to strike
B)because they can access broader leadership and coordination resources
C)because they can absorb a greater amount of strain
D)because they have incredible union density

Question 26

According to the textbook, to what stage have newer social movements been able to carry the struggle for citizenship rights in Canada?

A)political citizenship
B)civil citizenship
C)universal citizenship
D)global citizenship

Question 27

During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C₂ gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?

A)resource mobilization
B)political opportunism
C)social control
D)social strain

Question 28

Which of the following theories is a variant of functionalism?

A)breakdown theory
B)frame alignment theory
C)solidarity theory
D)postmodern theory

Question 29

When contract negotiations break down between a union on a university campus and the university administration, which strategy is likely to be used by the union to extract concessions from the employer?

A)withholding labour
B)encouraging students to engage in civil disobedience
C)creating anti-university publicity campaigns
D)organizing coalitions

Question 30

Based on research by Charles Tilly and his colleagues, why did group violence increase in France when national elections were held?

A)These were periods of great deprivation.
B)These were periods of great strain.
C)Elections provided people with new political opportunities.
D)Unpopular candidates were running for most election seats.

Question 31

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group, what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

A)equality for all group members
B)a reserve army of labour
C)an organizational base
D)charismatic leadership

Question 32

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

A)solidarity theory
B)new social movement theory
C)breakdown theory
D)frame alignment theory

Question 33

What is the right to a basic and minimum standard of living in Canada part of?

A)universal citizenship
B)political citizenship
C)civil citizenship
D)social citizenship

Question 34

The mission of Canada Without Poverty (CWP) is to eradicate poverty by promoting income security and social security for all Canadians; however, unless this organization can mobilize resources through media awareness and recruiting activists among the poor, nothing will happen.What term best identifies what CWP has to do to be successful?

A)mobilize resources
B)get media coverage
C)sow seeds of discontent
D)frame alignment

Question 35

According to the textbook, which of the following people is most likely to join a social movement?

A)a social worker working at a not-for-profit agency trying to establish subsidized housing for people with HIV/AIDS
B)a local businessperson concerned about the number of homeless people congregating in front of his business daily
C)a government clerk who believes she is being discriminated against by others at work
D)an airline baggage handler who is concerned about worker safety

Question 36

A group of citizens is concerned about a creosote plant that is being proposed within the limits of their city.The group asks local unions and the local chapter of the Council of Canadians if they can be allowed to speak at their next meetings to educate people about the issue.Which social movement theory discusses this type of strategy?

A)contagion theory
B)coalition theory
C)solidarity theory
D)frame alignment theory

Question 37

What is the term for the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and justice before the law?

A)cultural engagement
B)political participation
C)social action
D)civil citizenship

Question 38

Which of the following concepts does the study of riots and other non-routine social behaviour illustrate?

A)economic sociology
B)political institutionalization
C)collective action
D)demography

Question 39

Until the 1970s, what did many sociologists believe about the people who led social movements?

A)Sociologists believed that they were likely to be socially marginal.
B)Sociologists believed that they were likely to have strong social networks.
C)Sociologists believed that they were likely to have strong social resources.
D)Sociologists believed that they were likely to be political cohorts.

Question 40

After a flood, 300 people who had been displaced from their homes realized that only poor neighbourhoods had been flooded, and that the rich neighbourhoods had been protected from the water.The next day, the 300 displaced people marched on government offices demanding an explanation.According to the text, which of the following theories is supported by this event?

A)contagion theory
B)frame alignment theory
C)relative deprivation theory
D)absolute deprivation theory

Question 41

When would mechanisms of social control be the most likely to kick in, in a nation, to quell potential civil unrest?

A)during mass unemployment
B)during the formation of unions
C)during the protest of the opening of a new mine
D)during the loss of elected leaders' reputations due to scandal

Question 42

In the 1500s, the Huguenots fought for the right to have their religion recognized in France.What were they struggling for?

A)political citizenship
B)civil citizenship
C)social citizenship
D)universal citizenship

Question 43

At the Quebec City Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) protest in 2001, the government created a temporary by-law stating that no one in the vicinity of the trade talks could wear a hooded sweatshirt or a bandana or carry a gas mask.What was the government engaging in?

A)strain enforcement
B)military repression
C)resource mobilization
D)social control

Question 44

For most of the twentieth century in Canada, what has the struggle for citizenship rights been mainly focused on?

A)gender equality
B)class equality
C)social citizenship
D)civil citizenship

Question 45

Which theory argues that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards?

A)social solidarity theory
B)relative deprivation theory
C)anarchist theory
D)strain theory

Question 46

The authors of the textbook relate a story about an attempt to get New Brunswick high school students motivated to protest against a local pulp mill.What does the story illustrate a lack of?

A)economic development
B)collective action
C)democratic government
D)resource mobilization

Question 47

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following would be most likely to increase strike activity in a nation?

A)a nation with low unemployment rates
B)a nation with high surveillance
C)a nation with low union membership
D)a nation with a strong military presence

Question 48

What do we call unified group action that is non-violent and that follows established patterns of behaviour in bureaucratic social structures?

A)non-routine collective action
B)general collective action
C)democratic collective action
D)routine collective action

Question 49

What is Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) engaged in when it lobbies for tougher laws against drinking and driving?

A)routine collective action
B)general collective action
C)democratic collective action
D)peaceful social action

Question 50

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following nations would be most prone to strikes?

A)the United States, which has 12 percent of its workers unionized
B)Canada, which has 30 percent of its workers unionized
C)Great Britain, which has 50 percent of its workers unionized
D)Sweden, which has 90 percent of its workers unionized

Question 51

Just prior to a strike by union employees on a university campus, union members spend a lot of money on pamphlets stating why students have the same interests as the soon-to-be-striking employees and why they should support them.What do the union's actions illustrate?

A)impression management
B)frame alignment
C)public relations
D)strategic marketing

Question 52

An organization with white supremacist leanings organizes a talk on freedom of speech in a small town where the single industry is being closed down.The organizers are actually interested in people who attend the talk visiting their book table at the back of the room and signing up to receive their newsletters.Which social movement theory stresses this type of recruitment strategy?

A)resource mobilization theory
B)frame alignment theory
C)solidarity theory
D)relative deprivation theory

Question 53

According to the textbook, which of the following is most likely to occur if governments engage in video surveillance of protests?

A)Ordinary citizens may avoid participating.
B)Violent confrontations between protestors and police may occur.
C)Protestors may confuse journalists with police.
D)Ordinary citizens may become more radicalized and prone to action.

Question 54

What is "new" about new social movements?

A)the narrow focus of their goals
B)their highly localized nature
C)their global potential
D)their proneness to violence

Question 55

When evaluating breakdown theory, what do critics conclude may be viewed as "necessary but not sufficient" for non-routine collective action to take place?

A)social structure
B)deprivation
C)alienation
D)anomie

Question 56

When the white workers at the XYZ plant went on strike, the XYZ plant management brought in Sikh workers to do their jobs and paid them less than the white workers.According to the textbook, what is a likely outcome of this management strategy?

A)violent protest
B)non-violent protest
C)resource mobilization
D)frame alignment

Question 57

In the wake of the World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle in 1999, WTO Chair Michael Moore angrily denounced protestors' use of social networking to organize such a large group of people from so many countries.Which of the following elements of new social movements were the protestors able to tap into?

A)universal citizenship goals
B)globalization potential
C)middle-class membership
D)targeted resource mobilization

Question 58

According to resource mobilization theory, when would strike activity be the most likely to increase?

A)when unemployment is high
B)when state surveillance is high
C)when social welfare benefits are generous
D)when elite coalitions are strengthened

Question 59

The KONY 2012 movement gained an enormous following of supporters very quickly online.According to the textbook, what could account for the rapid growth of support?

A)People are not required to invest much.
B)People understand the need for global support.
C)People are clear about movement goals and strategies.
D)People believe this is a worthy enough cause to commit their resources to.

Question 60

A young Canadian activist attends a summit meeting of the world's top economic powers in Toronto.He is protesting peacefully when the police pepper-spray the crowd and arrest him; he then complains that his rights are being violated.What rights is he invoking in his complaint?

A)his rights afforded in civil citizenship
B)his rights to self-determination
C)his rights to be informed of his crime
D)his rights to call on legal representation

Question 61

What do we call long-term, often bureaucratically organized group attempts to create or resist social change?

A)an organizational change movement
B)a social organization
C)a social movement
D)a social institution

Question 62

The Faculty Association at a Canadian university bargains with the university administration for higher wages and increased pensions.What is the Faculty Association engaged in?

A)routine collective action
B)general collective action
C)democratic collective action
D)membership action

Question 63

When the World Trade Organization (WTO) Millennium Round of talks began to break down in 1999 due to the actions of the protestors, which of the following was most likely to occur next?

A)Protestors would be encouraged to press their claims further.
B)Protestors would be encouraged to give up their claims.
C)The government would be encouraged to remain uninvolved.
D)The government would ensure that protests would never occur again.

Question 64

In 2005, gay rights activists celebrated the passage of Bill C-20, allowing same-sex marriage in Canada.What are these activists part of?

A)a new social movement
B)an equal rights movement
C)an academic movement
D)a middle-class movement

Question 65

Which theory would predict that the violence between World Trade Organization (WTO) protestors and the WTO officials and riot police would get worse as the protestors became increasingly successful in shutting down the WTO Millennium Round of talks?

A)solidarity theory
B)race-aggression theory
C)crowd contagion theory
D)strain theory

Question 66

According to the text, what are new social movements working toward?

A)more political participation
B)increased social consciousness
C)promoting universal citizenship
D)effective civil society

Question 67

According to the textbook, which of the following terms refers to the struggle engaged in by underprivileged groups to broaden rights?

A)theocratic revolution
B)socialism
C)social movements
D)civil society

Question 68

A group of gay and lesbian activists and supporters stage a demonstration at the Alberta Legislature regarding equal rights for same-sex couples.Which theory argues that this particular group would be expected to demonstrate?

A)resource mobilization theory
B)contagion theory
C)breakdown theory
D)solidarity theory

Question 69

Nellie McClung fought the fight for female suffrage and was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Edmonton, Alberta from 1921 to 1926.What was her success a part of?

A)political citizenship
B)civil citizenship
C)social citizenship
D)universal citizenship

Question 70

What was the 1907 Vancouver Riot an example of?

A)anarcho syndicalism
B)revolutionary Marxism
C)democracy in action
D)non-routine collective action

Question 71

How would Charles Tilly define the actions of the very few protestors who engaged in vandalism of a Starbucks window at the 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) protest?

A)organizational violence
B)occasional violence
C)directed violence
D)collective violence

Question 72

Which of the following theories is breakdown theory a variant of?

A)conflict theory
B)functionalist theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)postmodernist theory

Question 73

Which theory of social movement is based on symbolic interactionism?

A)resource mobilization theory
B)solidarity theory
C)frame alignment theory
D)relative deprivation theory

Question 74

In the 1960s, the right to vote in elections was finally extended to Indigenous people in Canada.What was their enfranchisement a part of?

A)social citizenship
B)civil citizenship
C)political citizenship
D)universal citizenship

Question 75

In 1988, abortion in Canada was finally decriminalized.Which of the following successfully brought about decriminalization?

A)a structural transformation movement
B)a reform movement
C)a human rights movement
D)a new social movement

Question 76

Which of the following derailed the textbook author's efforts to initiate a protest about pulp mill pollution among students in a New Brunswick high school?

A)resource immobilization
B)elite authority
C)elite social control tactics
D)frame alignment problems

Question 77

Which of the following refers to the number of unionized workers in Canada?

A)union representation
B)union mobilization
C)union organization
D)union density

Question 78

What type of action is an annual Peace Walk?

A)routine collective action
B)general collective action
C)democratic collective action
D)peaceful social action

Question 79

During the 2011 Stanley Cup riot, otherwise ordinary citizens began vandalizing cars and buildings in downtown Vancouver.Which theory would argue that this behaviour could be expected?

A)contagion theory
B)solidarity theory
C)frame alignment theory
D)strain theory

Question 80

In the United States in the 1960s, certain political forces created a climate that discouraged union growth.What resulted from that situation?

A)Unemployment rose sharply.
B)Union concentration decreased.
C)Welfare benefits decreased.
D)Strike activity rose sharply.