Deck 19: Health and Medicine

Question 1

Professionalization is the process by which members lose control of their occupation to other agencies.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Evidence suggests that rich countries that spend more on health care achieve lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Canada is one of the few countries in the world with a true system of socialized medicine.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Japanese pay more for prescription drugs than the people of any other country in the world.

Question 5

Jackson is concerned because on the reserve where he has just gotten a job as a community health nurse, twice as many babies die before the age of one year than in the general Canadian population.What he is concerned about?

A)the prenatal death rate
B)the perinatal death rate
C)the infant mortality rate
D)the community mortality rate

Question 6

The Black Death contains a vital message for the sociology of health and medicine because it reveals a common pattern, that health risks are evenly distributed across a population.

Question 7

M.J.Coldwell is regarded as the "father of medicare" in Canada.

Question 8

Definitions of many mental disorders depend not only on scientific evidence but also social values and political considerations.

Question 9

At the beginning of the twentieth century, just one mental disorder was recognized by the Canadian government: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 10

In 1974, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) confirmed that homosexuality is a psychiatric disorder.

Question 11

Life expectancy is calculated by utilizing morbidity statistics.

Question 12

Talcott Parsons defined the sick role.To qualify for the sick role, the illness must be seen as not deliberate and the sick person must want to get well, as evidenced by that person seeking out the help of competent practitioners.

Question 13

People in higher classes experience higher levels of stress because they have to constantly work at preserving their wealth from economic uncertainty.

Question 14

The first universal health care system in Canada originated in Manitoba.

Question 15

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada reported in 2013 that the unemployment rate among newly graduated medical specialists was more than twice that of the average unemployment rate.

Question 16

The use of medication for Canadian children diagnosed with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) nearly doubled between 1994 and 2007.

Question 17

Some sociologists believe that socioeconomic position is a fundamental cause of disease.

Question 18

In comparing Canada to other countries, what does research reveal about life expectancy?

A)Canadian life expectancy is greater than that in all other countries.
B)Canadian life expectancy is similar to that of most countries in the world.
C)Canadian life expectancy is slightly lower than that in countries like Japan.
D)Canadian life expectancy is somewhat lower than that in the United States.

Question 19

According to many scholars, the Black Death still ranks as the most devastating catastrophe in human history.

Question 20

According to the textbook, what percent of cancer research funding is allocated for research on prevention?

A)2 percent
B)12 percent
C)22 percent
D)32 percent

Question 21

Even among people who have the same access to medical resources, people of higher social rank and prestige tend to live healthier lives.Why is this so?

A)People of higher social rank experience more activity, which keeps them from focusing on problems.
B)People of higher social rank experience less stress because they are more in control of their lives.
C)People of higher social rank are more valued by all social classes.
D)People of higher rank have more time to relax and enjoy life.

Question 22

Sara's baby boy died when he was nine months old.What does his death contribute to in Canada?

A)the gross domestic population rate
B)the infant mortality rate
C)the prenatal death rate
D)the perinatal death rate

Question 23

When studying the relationship between population health and the number of doctors per capita in high-income countries, what have the researchers found?

A)there is no relationship
B)population health increases overall as the number of doctors increases
C)countries with a doctor shortage experience the poorest population health
D)there is a negative relationship between the two

Question 24

According to the textbook, which of the following countries has the highest infant mortality rate?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Japan
D)Germany

Question 25

What is the term for the number of deaths of live-born children under the age of one year per 1000 births?

A)morbidity
B)mortality
C)still-born rate
D)infant mortality rate

Question 26

According to the learned Parisian medical community in 1345, what was the root cause of the Black Plague?

A)bilious humours in the body
B)an unfortunate planetary alignment
C)dragons moving in from the edge of the world
D)an epic battle between God and Satan

Question 27

Johan is complaining to his brother about medical services in Canada.Which of the following is most likely to be his main complaint?

A)There is too much privatization of the system.
B)The wealthy are always treated first.
C)Wait times for service are too long.
D)Hospitals are not utilized to full capacity.

Question 28

The release of the DSM-5 in 2013 did not see a noticeable increase in the number of mental disorders.According to the textbook, what may be the reason for this?

A)the increasing effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs
B)an increasing awareness of mental health issues
C)an increasingly skeptical public
D)an increasing level of emotional health in the population

Question 29

Why did well-to-do societal members tend to be less impacted by the Black Death plague of the 1300s?

A)they could afford the medical care required to recover
B)they could afford to leave the city and live in countryside homes
C)they could afford to bathe daily
D)they could afford to stay home from work

Question 30

Between 1831 and 2013, what happened to the average age of death in Canada?

A)It halved.
B)It doubled.
C)It tripled.
D)It quadrupled.

Question 31

According to the textbook, almost 75 percent of the people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo lack access to which of the following?

A)clean drinking water
B)sanitation
C)medical care
D)vaccinations

Question 32

Who was successful in getting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM)?

A)women who experienced violence by their husbands
B)police officers and firefighters
C)feminists
D)Vietnam War veterans

Question 33

Travis checks himself into a rehabilitation centre to help him kick his cocaine addiction.Which of the following assumptions underlies the existence of such facilities?

A)Addiction is an illness.
B)Addiction is a learned behaviour.
C)Addition is evil.
D)Addiction is an act of bad faith.

Question 34

Two people suffer from insomnia.One joins a yoga class to relax as a treatment for his insomnia, while the second person goes to a doctor and gets sleeping pills.Which of the following would appropriately apply to the second person?

A)Insomnia is a stress-related condition.
B)Insomnia is an ailment.
C)Insomnia is a psychological problem.
D)Insomnia has been medicalized.

Question 35

Jason is addicted to methamphetamine.According to the textbook, how would he most likely have been viewed in the nineteenth century?

A)as having an illness
B)as possessed by an evil demon
C)as a drifter or vagabond
D)as a cult member

Question 36

According to the textbook, what have some sociologists proposed about socioeconomic position in the context of health and well-being?

A)the higher your status, the greater the likelihood of stress-related illnesses
B)it is a fundamental cause of disease
C)it is not a powerful determinant of health
D)it has an effect on men, but not on women

Question 37

As discussed in the textbook, what are some of the complex variables associated with health and wellness?

A)mentality, era, and country of origin
B)inherent physical attributes and genetics
C)social class, gender, and ethnicity
D)attitude, outlook, and expectations

Question 38

Which of the following is demonstrated by the fact that health risks are always unevenly distributed in a population based on social class, gender, and ethnicity?

A)Certain populations have susceptibility to disease while others do not.
B)Health and disease are biologically based.
C)Disease and health are randomly attributed to people.
D)Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health.

Question 39

Shauna woke up feeling unwell and called in to work to ask for the day off.According to Talcott Parsons, what are her actions compatible with?

A)the commonality of using workplace benefits
B)the sick role
C)a broader understanding of the ease with which people contract superbugs
D)functional illness

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely to intervene in issues such as drug addiction and alcoholism?

A)the church
B)the medical profession
C)the government
D)communities

Question 41

Which theory proposes that the effects of socioeconomic position, race, and gender are multiplicative rather than additive?

A)feminist theory
B)conflict theory
C)intersectionality theory
D)functionalist theory

Question 42

Which of the following groups is most likely to report poor health in Canada?

A)African Canadians
B)Japanese Canadians
C)Aboriginal Canadians
D)Chinese Canadians

Question 43

How many mental disorders were listed in the 1968 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-II)?

A)82
B)182
C)282
D)382

Question 44

Miriam is happy to report at a conference that in her country fewer than 3 children per 1000 die before reaching one year of age.Which of the following nations does she live in?

A)India
B)Japan
C)Canada
D)the United States

Question 45

In 2013, which of the following did the American Medical Association officially recognize as being a disease?

A)anorexia
B)alcoholism
C)obesity
D)depression

Question 46

What was the leading cause of death in Canada in 1901?

A)heart disease
B)diphtheria
C)tuberculosis
D)liver disease/cirrhosis

Question 47

Several years ago, the province of Alberta contracted with an organization called Networc Health to provide knee, foot, and ankle surgeries.It was the only organization outside of the Alberta Health Authority's government-run medical facilities to provide any surgical services.What term best describes Alberta's agreement with Networc Health?

A)contracting
B)privatization
C)outsourcing
D)rationalization

Question 48

According to the textbook, which nation currently has the longest life expectancy in the world?

A)Canada
B)Japan
C)Norway
D)the Czech Republic

Question 49

Over time, medical definitions of atypical or harmful behaviour have become more prevalent.What do we call this phenomenon?

A)genetic predispositioning
B)physician-based categorization
C)physiological criminalization
D)medicalization of deviance

Question 50

What are we referring to when we discuss the socioeconomic gradient in health?

A)the documented negative correlation between socioeconomic position and health
B)the documented positive correlation between socioeconomic position and health
C)the documented correlation between high socioeconomic position and high morbidity rates
D)the documented correlation between low socioeconomic position and low mortality rates

Question 51

Which of the following is most likely to subscribe to the belief that having a positive outlook on life will help prevent illness and also help treat it effectively?

A)a shaman
B)a patient activist
C)a holistic medical practitioner
D)a newly trained doctor

Question 52

People who need to see a physiotherapist on a referral from their doctor can wait to see one for free at a hospital.However, many people who have private health insurance or who can afford it go to a clinic and pay cash for their services.What is the term for the health care offered at the clinic?

A)This is a privatized service.
B)This is an insurance-sponsored service.
C)This is a clinical service.
D)This is a cost-recovery service

Question 53

According to the textbook, how does the average life expectancy of Aboriginal Canadians compare to that of non-Aboriginal Canadians?

A)5 to 12 years shorter
B)5 to 12 years longer
C)15 years shorter
D)15 years longer

Question 54

A middle-aged impoverished Aboriginal woman living beside a river, downstream from the oil sands of Fort McMurray, has asthma and osteoporosis.What theory would best describe this woman's risk of ailment?

A)symbolic interactionist theory
B)conflict theory
C)intersectionality theory
D)two-tier theory

Question 55

Which of the following has recently posed major challenges to the monopoly of traditional medical science?

A)recently graduated nursing staff
B)overzealous hospital administrators
C)increasing patient activism
D)the professionalization of doctors

Question 56

From a sociological perspective, how do social inequalities lead to poorer health in disadvantaged groups?

A)The disadvantaged have lower incomes and poorer material living conditions.
B)The disadvantaged have inadequate diets and they exercise less than others.
C)The disadvantaged tend to smoke and drink more than others.
D)The disadvantaged are less inclined to play the sick role.

Question 57

What do we call the control and authority over an occupation typically exhibited by high-prestige individuals?

A)labour market segmentation
B)occupational inflation
C)credentialization
D)professionalization

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a measure utilized by sociologists when operationalizing the health of a population?

A)infant mortality rates
B)morbidity rates
C)life expectancy
D)health care expenditures

Question 59

Why are prescription drug costs higher in the United States than in many other nations?

A)because of free market capitalism
B)because of government-sponsored drug companies
C)because of the large population in the United States
D)because American doctors tend to overprescribe medication

Question 60

Robin is suffering from depression but refuses to take the medication that her doctor prescribes her.What is she failing to follow?

A)patient rights
B)alternative treatments
C)professionalization
D)the sick role

Question 61

Canada has a network of clinics, hospitals, and other facilities that are effective in treating illness.What do we call this network?

A)the health care system
B)the public health system
C)the medical care system
D)the government health and welfare system

Question 62

Samantha is taking a course that concentrates on acute and chronic illnesses and diseases and the symptoms and impairments they produce.What is Samantha studying?

A)longevity
B)morbidity
C)health expectancy
D)burden of disease

Question 63

According to the textbook, what is one of the most widely accepted forms of alternative medicine?

A)acupuncture
B)homeopathic remedies
C)massage therapy
D)herbal remedies

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a principle found in the 1984 Canada Health Act?

A)universality
B)comprehensiveness
C)private administration
D)portability

Question 65

What do we call the average age at death of the members of a population?

A)the life span
B)the life rate
C)the life expectancy
D)the life course

Question 66

Who is regarded as "the father of medicare" in Canada?

A)Pierre Trudeau
B)Tommy Douglas
C)Lester B.Pearson
D)David Lewis

Question 67

Prior to 1974, which of the following was listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM)?

A)attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C)Asperger's syndrome
D)homosexuality

Question 68

Which of the following was the 10th leading cause of death in Canada in 1901, becoming the 1st leading cause of death in Canada in 2009?

A)accidents
B)heart disease
C)diabetes
D)cancer

Question 69

In earlier eras, how was deviant behaviour usually viewed?

A)as evil
B)as acceptable
C)as a sickness
D)as normal

Question 70

A group of health care professionals in a community all run their own private clinics, and would like the government to sell the local hospital to them.They claim they could run it more efficiently and make a profit.If they are successful, which of the following terms would best fit this scenario?

A)profitization
B)privatization
C)medicalization
D)entrepreneurship

Question 71

Americans spend almost twice as much on health care as in Canada and nearly three times more than in Japan.Which of the following would account for the fact that Americans are not as healthy as Canadians or the Japanese?

A)The United States has an insufficient health care system.
B)The United States has a shortage of properly trained medical staff.
C)The United States has a large population of poor people.
D)The United States lags behind in medical research.

Question 72

Which of the following situations is privatized health care believed to cause?

A)inequality of access to health care
B)relative equality of access to health care
C)a better overall health care system
D)a decline in the quality of health care services

Question 73

Shannon is an emergency room doctor at a Vancouver hospital.What type of system is Shannon part of?

A)the government health and welfare system
B)the public health system
C)the emergency care system
D)the health care system

Question 74

In Canada in the twentieth century, many First Nations women were surgically sterilized without their knowledge or consent, due to prevailing beliefs that they had too many children.What is this practice an example of?

A)medicalization of deviance
B)physician-based categorization
C)physiological criminalization
D)genetic predispositioning

Question 75

In 2013, the American Medical Association officially recognized obesity as a disease.Why is this problematic?

A)obese people will use it as a personal excuse for not attempting to lose weight
B)solutions such as surgical interventions and medication for weight loss will increase
C)the definition removes personal responsibility
D)obesity is not a disease, it is genetic

Question 76

Benjamin's religion required him to honour the higher power by performing regular bodily cleansing rituals.Which religion prescribed these practices and saved many people from contracting the Black Plague?

A)Roman Catholicism
B)Lutheranism
C)Judaism
D)Hinduism

Question 77

Lionel is tired of the medical establishment telling him what to do and not taking his medical problems seriously.He has done his research and notices that one particular alternative approach is the most widely used in Canada to treat symptoms like his.What is Lionel engaging in?

A)playing the sick role
B)holistic medicine
C)patient activism
D)medicalization

Question 78

Sir Thomas Waldicott, a titled nobleman, was able to take actions to save himself and his immediate family from contracting the Black Plague.What did he most likely do?

A)He purchased the best medical care available.
B)He barricaded himself and his family in their London townhome.
C)He avoided the poor in his city.
D)He took his family to their country estate.

Question 79

How is Canada's health care system described in the textbook?

A)It is publicly financed health care through self-employed physicians.
B)It is the world's leading example of totally socialized medical care.
C)It is run solely by the federal government which guarantees coverage.
D)It includes only physician services and prescription medications.

Question 80

Who currently holds the record for longevity of life?

A)Jiroemon Kimura
B)Alexander Imich
C)Jeanne Louise Calment
D)Sarah Knauss