Deck 17: Education

Question 1

Encouraging high levels of university and college attendance aids in the restriction of job competition and helps to support wage levels in society.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Education can be used as a form of social exclusion-setting up a boundary so that certain social opportunities and positions are restricted to members of one group.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Eventually, it was universally acknowledged that the first step to achieving a highly productive economy is to create an educational system that is large enough to create a mass labour force and rich enough to train and employ an elite of researchers able to work at the cutting edge of modern science.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research conducted in Toronto determined that black students were more likely to be streamed into low-level academic programming.

Question 5

The logic of industrialization comes from conflict theory.

Question 6

At higher levels, educational institutions bring potential mates together, thus serving as a "marriage market." This facilitates assortative mating-choosing mates who are similar to ourselves on various ranking criteria.

Question 7

There are now more university-educated women in Canada than university-educated men.

Question 8

Educational attainment is the learning or skill that an individual acquires and that is, in principle, reflected in grades.

Question 9

Research conducted by Ray Rist suggests that teachers may cause students' failures by encouraging a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 10

Students who are accepting of the hidden curriculum are twice as likely to continue on to postsecondary education in Canada.

Question 11

The use of corporal punishment in schools (the strap, the ruler, etc.) was referred to as pedagogic violence by Pierre Bourdieu.

Question 12

Before the rise of Protestantism, merchants and tradesmen held a virtual monopoly on literacy.

Question 13

Mass schooling is a traditional phenomenon and closely tied to feudalism and the effective management of an agrarian economy.

Question 14

Pierre Bourdieu argued that education was central to the creation and transmission of economic capital-learning and skills that ensured superior positions in productive activity.

Question 15

A highly educated country is always a wealthy country.

Question 16

Professionalization has spread widely because it restricts the numbers of people who can enter a profession and keeps wages high.

Question 17

Pierre Bourdieu coined the term "subjugated knowledge," referring to descriptions and explanations of events which have been selectively devalued or ignored by the dominant groups.

Question 18

One of the most widely repeated findings worldwide is that social class strongly affects how much education people attain.

Question 19

Soon-Li has a degree in biochemistry from the nation where more than 50 percent of the population aged 25-64 has some type of college or university credential.Where has she gone to school?

A)Japan
B)Canada
C)the United States
D)Sweden

Question 20

In Canada, lower family income is a bigger barrier to postsecondary education than is parents' lower educational attainment.

Question 21

Prior to 1969, what was the public school system in Montreal viewed as doing?

A)preparing children for leadership in the new French public administration
B)radicalizing the French student body
C)anglicizing the student body
D)undermining the use of French as the preferred language in universities

Question 22

A large scholarship is available only to students whose parents are alumni from a certain university.What is reinforced by this criterion for scholarship application?

A)meritocracy
B)social exclusion
C)professionalization
D)credential inflation

Question 23

Men outnumber women two to one in which of the following university programs in Canada today?

A)social sciences
B)business
C)STEM fields
D)health

Question 24

How was Canada able to maintain a universal system of mass education in the early years?

A)by providing students who attended regularly with financial incentives
B)by providing families of children who attended regularly with an allowance on a per-enrolled-child basis
C)by creating laws that made attendance by children compulsory
D)by creating small agricultural schools that taught farming education along with academic education

Question 25

According to Bourdieu, teachers reinforce learning of dominant cultural values through the use of which of the following?

A)cultural capital
B)social exclusion
C)grade inflation
D)pedagogic violence

Question 26

Twenty-two-year-old Jack does not study much for his sociology midterm and writes a mediocre term paper.However, he is infuriated to discover that he is going into his final exam with a grade of C.Which of the following most likely accounts for his anger at his grade?

A)grade inflation throughout his schooling to this point
B)a belief that the professors at his university mark students unfairly
C)a policy of "bell curving" grades so that his grade reflects other students' bad marks
D)the knowledge that professors give high grades for irrelevant knowledge and fail to recognize adeptness at mastery of things like social media skills

Question 27

Which students leave Canadian high schools earlier than others, not graduating?

A)Aboriginal students
B)French Canadian students
C)European immigrant students
D)black students

Question 28

Preparation for participation in the Canadian economy is illustrative of which of the following functions of education?

A)a lateral function
B)a collateral function
C)a latent function
D)a manifest function

Question 29

Around 1900, which two countries were the first to create systems of universal education for youth?

A)Germany and France
B)the United Kingdom and Ireland
C)Italy and Japan
D)Canada and the United States

Question 30

Which of the following countries was one of the very first to link its national student body to the Internet?

A)China
B)France
C)Canada
D)Russia

Question 31

Every subject at Marie-France's school is taught only in French.What process does her educational experience exemplify?

A)allo-culturalizing
B)homogenizing
C)diversifying
D)unilateralizing

Question 32

A variety of social commentators have argued that in order to improve the success of socially disadvantaged students, society must focus on which of the following programs?

A)compensatory education and social programs for preschool children
B)special education programs that target school-aged children
C)remedial programs for adolescents who do not do well in school
D)after-school programs for school children that supplement in-class learning

Question 33

When Jamal wants to ask a question in class, he raises his hand.He learned this social practice in kindergarten, but it still holds true in university.What aspect of education is this an example of?

A)how it teaches us to ask questions
B)how it teaches us to be compliant
C)how it teaches us manners
D)how it teaches us not to speak

Question 34

Robert does not do well in the academic curriculum at his high school and has been placed in the "trades" math and English classes.While he will be able to graduate with the classes, they are not sufficient to get him into university.What educational process is Robert engaged in?

A)sorting
B)slotting
C)funnelling
D)classifying

Question 35

Which of the following functions of education do the creation of a common identity, common standards, patriotism, and civic responsibility reflect?

A)a lateral function
B)a manifest function
C)a latent function
D)a collateral function

Question 36

The textbook suggests that most sociologists find the conflict view of education more plausible than the functionalist view, by pointing to inequalities in the education system.In their view, how are the benefits unequally distributed?

A)through the reproduction of the existing stratification system
B)through the inflation of credentialism
C)through increasing professionalization
D)through the processes of awarding meritorious distinction

Question 37

In Canada in 1900, who had an enrolment in primary education of approximately 90 percent?

A)primary school girls
B)Asian immigrants
C)Indigenous children
D)trade unionists

Question 38

Why do IQ and school tests often fail to accurately measure intelligence?

A)because they fail to account for differences in cultural capital
B)because they are part of an increasingly professionalized curriculum
C)because they are designed to deceive test-takers, so they do not really measure "intelligence"
D)because they are biased according to dominant cultural values and experiences

Question 39

Which of the following is an important aspect of public education in Canada?

A)teaching students about popular culture
B)teaching students common culture
C)ensuring students are not sorted into categories that will shape their futures
D)teaching students how to avoid political influence and think for themselves

Question 40

In 1536, who was burned at the stake for translating the Bible into the standard King James Bible?

A)King James II
B)William Tyndale
C)James Findlay Fraser
D)Phillip Wexford

Question 41

Based on sociological research, what is IQ really a reflection of?

A)emotional intelligence
B)social standing
C)genetic endowment
D)racialized and gendered differences

Question 42

In Canada, Head Start programs have been identified as being especially beneficial for which students?

A)poor children
B)children with lower IQ scores
C)girls
D)Aboriginal children

Question 43

In the 1400s, which of the following people was most likely to be literate?

A)Jim Sweeney, a textile artisan
B)Thaddeus Bennett, a priest
C)Jonathan Williams, a wealthy landowner
D)Timothy Phillips, a rich mercantilist

Question 44

What do we call the expectation of an outcome that causes what it predicts?

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy
B)a speculative inquiry
C)intellectual curiosity
D)exclusion prediction

Question 45

As of 2012, approximately what proportion of Canadians aged 25-64 had attained some type of postsecondary education?

A)less than one-quarter
B)one-quarter
C)one-half
D)more than one-half

Question 46

Phoenix manages to obtain good grades on her assignments and tests, despite having very poor attendance and thinking that school is a complete waste of time.What has she failed to embrace?

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy
B)false consciousness
C)the hidden curriculum
D)a meritocracy

Question 47

According to the textbook, which of the following is one rationale for grade inflation?

A)the current generation's technological prowess
B)the sense of entitlement the current generation possesses
C)the fact that the current generation of professors were not trained as rigorously as the current generation of students
D)the fact that professors award grades today based on competence in extracurricular activities and on leadership skills

Question 48

According to the text, what can we conclude about educational attainment for youth from all class backgrounds over the past half century?

A)It has steadily risen over the last 50 years.
B)It is relatively the same as ever.
C)It is realistically only for the rich.
D)It has steadily declined over the last 50 years.

Question 49

Kennedy does very well in school, rarely missing any days or being late, and she often helps out other adolescents in her classes as a peer tutor.What is it likely she has accepted?

A)cultural capital
B)the hidden curriculum
C)class consciousness
D)a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 50

What was the most significant outcome of the September 1969 demonstration in Montreal?

A)It radicalized the newly formed Bloc Québécois.
B)It fuelled the creation of the separatist movement.
C)It made "language" a ground for discrimination in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
D)It made French the official language for education, business, and public administration.

Question 51

How is homogeneity in schooling accomplished?

A)through the separation of culture and language from curricula
B)through the development of special classes for gifted and "at-risk" students
C)through the erasure of cultural differences at all levels of schooling
D)through the development of a uniform curriculum

Question 52

According to the textbook, why are schools unsuccessful in overcoming social class differences?

A)because there are differences in intelligence and ability between classes
B)because people are more comfortable remaining with their own class
C)because students are assigned to differing educational experiences based on their perceived intelligence
D)because many extracurricular educational opportunities cost money and are available to people based on ability to pay

Question 53

How did the introduction of the printing press lead to the expansion of mass education?

A)It spread the influence of the priesthood.
B)It spread the guild system beyond urban areas.
C)It spread literacy beyond those with elite educations.
D)It spread the elements of social reproduction and democracy.

Question 54

What is exemplified by an appropriate attitude toward education, socially approved apparel and manners, and knowledge of books, art, and music?

A)professionalization
B)social wisdom
C)cultural capital
D)the hidden curriculum

Question 55

In the 1700s, Edward was taught reading, mathematics, history, philosophy, and several languages.Where did he almost certainly get this education?

A)at a university
B)at a monastery
C)at his home
D)at a local marketplace

Question 56

Which of the following functions of education can cause many types of role conflicts?

A)the development of civic education
B)the development of youth culture
C)the development of a culture of athletes
D)the development of technological expertise

Question 57

Lionel's parents both have only high school diplomas.According to the 2011 data in the textbook, what is Lionel most likely to do after high school?

A)attend a university
B)attend a college
C)attend a trade school
D)join the military

Question 58

Ray Rist's participant observation research in a kindergarten classroom demonstrated that the teacher streamed the children in different groups based upon which of the following social characteristics?

A)gender
B)social class
C)IQ score
D)ethnicity

Question 59

Lori cannot wait for her son Oscar to begin primary school so that she can return to paid work full-time.Which of the following functions of education will Lori be engaging in?

A)a lateral function
B)a manifest function
C)a latent function
D)a collateral function

Question 60

Why would children of parents who recently immigrated from Pakistan most likely be disadvantaged at school?

A)because they lack economic capital
B)because they lack popular culture capital
C)because they lack cultural capital
D)because they lack social inclusion capital

Question 61

Twyla is a registered nurse (RN) who has been on the job for 20 years.While her job is safe because she is unionized, she notices that all new applicants for the same job are required to have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree.What process has taken place here?

A)meritocracy
B)credential inflation
C)professionalization
D)social exclusion

Question 62

According to historians, one can determine the level of literacy in a society by the existence of which of the following?

A)attendance registers at religious academies
B)signatures on marriage documents
C)the number of letters sent and received by citizens
D)the number of birth certificates

Question 63

What do we call the special police force that rounded up children who were absent from schools in the early years?

A)education officers
B)literacy constables
C)truant officers
D)school enforcers

Question 64

In the 1960s, what were the children of immigrants who spoke neither French nor English called?

A)unilinguists
B)allophones
C)sans culottes
D)anti-linguists

Question 65

In Canada today, students are required to receive formal schooling until at least what age?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 66

Why is education deemed to be a product, as well as a source, of wealth in a nation?

A)because people who are deemed the brightest and the best receive significant scholarship funds
B)because people who are interested in higher education are from the wealthy elite
C)because education is increasingly technological and only accessible to people with substantial financial resources
D)because a significant number of people must have freedom from the pressures of earning a living

Question 67

What do most sociologists conclude about IQ test scores?

A)They are mostly social in origin.
B)They are mostly genetic in origin.
C)They are the only true reflection of meritocracy.
D)They have become inflated.

Question 68

Besides the advances in education required in certain occupations due to technological advancements, the demand for higher and higher credentials also has social reasons.According to the textbook, how do new requirements work to keep lower-class people out of certain occupations and higher-class people in those occupations?

A)They act as a regulatory body.
B)They act as a sorting mechanism.
C)They act as a status achievement monitor.
D)They act as an achievement inhibitor.

Question 69

Why is education often a highly contested issue?

A)because it has power to shape the future through how and what pupils are taught
B)because it teaches pupils attitudes, preferences, and behaviours in line with separatism
C)because it demonstrates how many pupils are educated to take on leadership roles in the future
D)because it sorts pupils into three political streams: conservative, liberal, and social democratic

Question 70

Which of the following is an outcome of professionalization?

A)Individuals become overqualified in the pursuit of credentials.
B)Only people who have the required skills can get a job.
C)Class advantage becomes increasingly linked to professional credentials.
D)A more competitive society is created.

Question 71

By limiting the number of people who can enter an occupation demand is kept high, ensuring wages are kept high.What do we call this process?

A)professionalization
B)credential inflation
C)social exclusion
D)meritorious inclusion

Question 72

Andrew is currently in grade 9 and does not do well in school but manages to keep passing into the next grade.Which of the following terms best reflects his progress through school to grade 9?

A)educational attainment
B)educational achievement
C)educational mastery
D)educational triumph

Question 73

What term does Lareau use to describe the parenting style of working- and lower-class families?

A)concerted cultivation
B)natural growth
C)laissez faire
D)restrictive

Question 74

According to the text, which of the following is concluded respecting a comparison of male and female participation in postsecondary education today?

A)There are higher numbers of males achieving a postsecondary education.
B)There are higher numbers of females achieving a postsecondary education.
C)Men and women achieve a postsecondary education at similar rates.
D)Men participate primarily in business fields and women are found primarily in health studies.

Question 75

According to Bourdieu, schoolchildren are rewarded by how closely they affiliate with which of the following?

A)objective standards of performance
B)the standards of meritocracy
C)the messages of dominant culture
D)a secularized curriculum

Question 76

Education systems direct students who have less developed academic skills into a future in the lower classes.What do we call this process?

A)funnelling
B)slotting
C)sorting
D)classifying

Question 77

Today, more than ever before, it takes an increasing number of certificates and degrees to qualify for particular jobs.What do we call this trend?

A)educational achievement
B)educational attainment
C)social exclusion
D)credential inflation

Question 78

What do we call the trend whereby members of an occupation insist that people earn certain credentials in order to enter the occupation?

A)educational achievement
B)educational attainment
C)professionalization
D)credential inflation

Question 79

From the beginning of the twentieth century to today, IQ scores continue to increase along with social conditions such that grandchildren consistently score higher than their grandparents.What do we call this trend?

A)the generational impact effect
B)the upward mobility curve
C)the Flynn effect
D)the Hawthorne distribution

Question 80

Applications for a coveted internship at the provincial legislature are open only to postsecondary students whose parents have been involved in some kind of public office within the past ten years.What is reinforced by this criterion for application?

A)meritocracy
B)credential inflation
C)professionalization
D)social exclusion