Deck 15: Families

Question 1

Children with homosexual parents are significantly more likely to be homosexual themselves in adulthood.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Religious individuals are less likely to get divorced than non-religious individuals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The extended family expands the nuclear unit "horizontally" by adding one or more spouses (almost always wives) to the household.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Today, women and men make approximately equal contributions in unpaid household labour.

Question 5

According to Friedrich Engels, the only way to end gender inequality is to abolish religion.

Question 6

Canada was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

Question 7

Artificial insemination is when eggs are surgically removed from a woman and joined with a sperm in a culture dish, and the embryo is then transferred to the woman's uterus.

Question 8

Twenty percent of North American women aged 40 to 44 have never given birth.

Question 9

Living apart together is a living arrangement that falls between singlehood and cohabitation.

Question 10

Over 50 percent of divorced parents remarry, which greatly benefits the children involved.

Question 11

Marital satisfaction tends to rise and divorce rates tend to fall as you move down the socioeconomic hierarchy.

Question 12

When we observe foraging societies, we can observe a great deal of gender inequality, as George Murdock contends.

Question 13

Most North Americans believe that marriage ought to be based on demographic and compositional factors.

Question 14

Several grounds were made available for divorce in Canada's Divorce Act of 1985.

Question 15

Because gender inequality exists in non-capitalist (including pre-capitalist) societies, most feminists believe that something other than, or in addition to, capitalism accounts for gender inequality.

Question 16

The poverty rate for female-headed lone-parent families is more than double the amount for male-headed lone-parent families.

Question 17

In Canada there are enough regulated child-care spaces for one-half of the children under age 12 who require them.

Question 18

Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx's close friend and co-author, argued that the traditional nuclear family emerged along with inequalities of wealth.

Question 19

For most of human history, marriage was based on love.

Question 20

Canada's Divorce Act was amended in 1985 and it made marital breakdown the only ground for divorce.

Question 21

What is the main feature of a foraging society?

A)That they generally have a maximum of 1000 members.
B)That they have equitable gendered relations.
C)That men produce approximately 80 percent of the food.
D)That women have few privileges.

Question 22

According to the textbook, Canada has enough regulated daycare spaces for what amount of Canadian children up to age 12?

A)two-thirds
B)one-half
C)one-quarter
D)one-fifth

Question 23

Simon is infertile, so he and his wife Lucy are using donor sperm to mix with Lucy's ova in a petri dish to create embryos that will then be transferred into Lucy's uterus.What is this method of reproduction called?

A)parthenogenesis
B)artificial insemination
C)in vitro fertilization
D)surrogate motherhood

Question 24

What was the first country in the world to legalize marriage between people of the same sex?

A)Canada
B)Belgium
C)the Netherlands
D)Spain

Question 25

Which of the following situations would vertically extend Sarah's family?

A)Grandma moving in with Sarah and her parents
B)Sarah's father moving a second wife into the home
C)Sarah's mother marrying another man, in addition to being married to her dad
D)Sarah's aunt Denise and her two children moving in with Sarah and her parents

Question 26

Following divorce, which of the following groups is most often responsible for paying child support?

A)custodial mothers
B)custodial fathers
C)non-custodial fathers
D)non-custodial mothers

Question 27

Today, when some people speak of "the decline of the family," they are referring to the nuclear family.

Question 28

If people worry that the family is in decline, what type of reform are they most likely to pressure government for?

A)stronger penalties for criminals and young offenders
B)changes to child tax and family allowance benefits
C)changes to divorce and abortion laws
D)a return to traditional education curriculum

Question 29

Which of the following couples would most likely be a zero-child family?

A)Bob, an auto mechanic, and his wife Melinda who is currently an unemployed physiotherapist
B)Robina, an x-ray technician, and her husband Raj who is a commission salesperson
C)Danielle, a veterinarian, and her chartered accountant husband Leo
D)Jake, a musician, and his wife Michelle who is a freelance writer

Question 30

What was the sole ground available for divorce with the 1985 amendment to the Canadian Divorce Act?

A)gross addiction
B)abandonment
C)marital breakdown
D)sexual deviance

Question 31

To which of the following do researchers attribute the high cohabitation rates found in Quebec?

A)a turning away from religious teachings in the general population
B)a reaction to escalating divorce costs
C)an increase in the number of couples living together in order to save money for their wedding
D)the economic benefit of sharing household expenses

Question 32

Which of the following people is most likely to be a lone parent today?

A)a heterosexual woman
B)a heterosexual man
C)a gay man
D)a lesbian

Question 33

Marta has recently immigrated to Canada along with her parents and her young son.They share a house and she and her father work as janitors, while her mother takes care of Marta's son.This arrangement exemplifies which type of family?

A)a nuclear family
B)a traditional nuclear family
C)an extended family
D)a polyandrous family

Question 34

George Murdock stated that the nuclear family in 250 societies is founded on a "socially approved, long-term sexual and economic relationship between a man and a woman." What was he referring to?

A)marriage
B)cohabitation
C)kinship ties
D)bi-lateral descent

Question 35

Amarjit works part-time as a data-entry clerk at the company where her husband is a full-time computer programmer.They have two children.What kind of family is exemplified here?

A)the extended family
B)the matriarchal family
C)the nuclear family
D)the traditional nuclear family

Question 36

Reverend John Smith speaks passionately from the pulpit about moral decay, the evils of women neglecting their children, and the decline of the family, beseeching parishioners to teach their children about the urgency of protecting the family as they know it.What kind of family is John Smith almost certainly speaking about?

A)the nuclear family
B)the traditional nuclear family
C)the extended family
D)the traditional extended family

Question 37

When textbook author Lance Roberts was growing up in an Edmonton suburb in the 1950s, what shattered the conformity of his beliefs about family life?

A)women working outside the home
B)unmarried couples living together
C)blended families
D)stay-at-home fathers

Question 38

In 2011, the federal government decided it would no longer calculate and publish annual marriage and divorce rates.What is the rationale behind this decision?

A)Rather than getting married, more couples were opting to live together.
B)Due to the increasing numbers of marriages and divorces, it became too laborious to track the data.
C)Canadians objected to their personal lives being tracked by government officials.
D)Researchers no longer required the data.

Question 39

Who spearheaded an abortion reform movement in the 1960s?

A)Dr.Robert Scott
B)Supreme Court Justice Bertha Wilson
C)Dr.Henry Morgentaler
D)feminist Betty Friedan

Question 40

How do zero-child families feel they are usually portrayed by society in general?

A)as lucky
B)as well-off
C)as selfish
D)as lazy

Question 41

According to a study cited in the textbook, what percentage of young adults did not inform their parents of their first cohabiting relationship?

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)15 percent
D)20 percent

Question 42

What is responsible for the majority of lone parenting today?

A)the death of one parent
B)singlehood
C)homosexuality
D)divorce

Question 43

Elton and John were the first same-sex couple in the world to be legally married.In what year did they get married?

A)1986
B)1997
C)2001
D)2005

Question 44

In 2001, Mary Kate and Ashley were excitedly planning their marriage to each other.What country were they living in?

A)the United States
B)Canada
C)the Netherlands
D)Sweden

Question 45

The Canadian divorce rate increased in the 1960s but stabilized in the 1990s and then began to decline.Why did the divorce rate fall?

A)couples were taking "till death do us part" more seriously
B)the ever-increasing cost of divorce became a prohibiting factor
C)the highly researched negative impact on children convinced couples to stay together "for the kids"
D)fewer Canadians were getting married

Question 46

Wilbur, a staunch Marxist, agrees with Engels about how society must change to usher in gender equality.What does he believe must be eliminated in order to bring about this revolution?

A)religion
B)bureaucracy
C)private property
D)money

Question 47

According to the textbook discussion, which of the following is needed to decrease non-payment of child support?

A)Canada needs to implement more stringent laws about enforcing payments.
B)Canada needs to implement a strategy for full employment and better-paid employment.
C)Canada needs to create a system that grants equal custody, thereby rendering payment from one parent to another irrelevant.
D)Canada needs to tighten up divorce laws, making it more difficult to obtain, thus reducing the need for child support.

Question 48

Which of the following groups are medical professionals most likely to discourage from using reproductive technologies?

A)heterosexual common-law couples
B)lower-income couples
C)same-sex married couples
D)inter-ethnic couples

Question 49

What do we call a married couple with children, where the husband works outside the home for pay while the wife works in the home, taking care of children and domestic responsibilities for no pay?

A)a nuclear family
B)a traditional nuclear family
C)an extended family
D)a matriarchal family

Question 50

Paul lives in British Columbia in a small farming community where all of the men of marriageable age are encouraged to take more than one wife and produce as many offspring as God sees fit to bless them with.What type of family has Paul been encouraged to form?

A)a nuclear family
B)a traditional nuclear family
C)an extended family
D)a polygamous family

Question 51

According to the textbook, how many North American women aged 40-44 have never given birth?

A)1 in 6
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 3

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a true statement in reference to child support payments in Canada?

A)All Canadian provinces and territories have programs to prevent non-payment of child support.
B)Names and photos of child support payment defaulters are posted on government websites in some regions.
C)The problem of "deadbeat parents" remains a significant issue.
D)Child support payment can be guaranteed by a court order.

Question 53

Kyle and Ashley are married with one child, and both work full-time at a medical practice they share with three other doctors.What type of family is exemplified here?

A)the nuclear family
B)the traditional nuclear family
C)the extended family
D)the patriarchal family

Question 54

Compared to couples with children, how do couples without children tend to rate their level of marital satisfaction?

A)lower
B)higher
C)the same
D)non-existent

Question 55

Ram and Padma have saved enough money for a down payment on a large suburban home with a basement suite.It has enough room for their sons to both live comfortably with their wives and small children as well, and the family shares the household tasks and earned income equitably.What type of family does this scenario exemplify?

A)a nuclear family
B)a traditional nuclear family
C)an extended family
D)a polygamous family

Question 56

Which of the following is responsible for creating a family structure that is verticalized?

A)increasing divorce rates and declining marriage rates
B)increasing life expectancies and decreasing fertility rates
C)increasing remarriage rates and decreasing birth rates
D)increasing common-law relationships and increasing child-free couples

Question 57

According to the textbook, what percentage of Canadian women with children under the age of 16 are in paid employment?

A)less than 40 percent
B)50 percent
C)60 percent
D)more than 70 percent

Question 58

Peter is working on an assignment that requires him to compare television family sitcoms from the 1950s to those of today.Which of the following would Peter most likely include in his report?

A)The traditional nuclear family is becoming more prevalent in television shows.
B)Present-day family sitcoms predominantly depict the disappearance of the family as an institution.
C)Age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and marital status have become constant rather than variable.
D)Rather than being constant, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and marital status have become variables.

Question 59

Leslie and Lisa are excited to be going to the clinic so that Leslie can have their gay friend's sperm inserted into her vaginal canal.What is this method of reproduction called?

A)parthenogenesis
B)artificial insemination
C)in vitro fertilization
D)surrogate motherhood

Question 60

What has research shown in regard to children who have been raised in same-sex couple households when compared to children raised in heterosexual families?

A)Children raised by same-sex parents have an increased chance of becoming homosexual.
B)Children experience a less-confusing development of sexual identity when raised by heterosexual parents.
C)Children with same-sex parents suffer discrimination from those raised in heterosexual families.
D)Children from same-sex families are much like children in heterosexual families.

Question 61

Of the following countries, which has the highest abortion rates?

A)the United States
B)Canada
C)Russia
D)Yugoslavia

Question 62

Canadian trends in cohabitation rates indicate that cohabitation is replacing marriage in which of the following provinces?

A)Alberta
B)British Columbia
C)Ontario
D)Quebec

Question 63

In the immediate post-World War II period in Canada, employment and personal income reached an all-time high, as did home ownership.Which of the following also accompanied these developments?

A)a marriage boom
B)high rates of divorce
C)egalitarianism in marriage
D)a rise in extended families

Question 64

Rhonda argues that the traditional nuclear family has always been a site for gender conflict and social inequality.As a fan of Engels's work, what does she believe is the cure for these ills that oppress women?

A)a shift from capitalism to communism
B)a shift from a money economy to a bartering economy
C)a cultural shift where property is controlled by women
D)a cultural shift where men take on most domestic duties

Question 65

While researching her family tree, Eleanor discovered that her great-grandmother who had lived in Toronto had divorced in 1926 and remarried in 1928.She was surprised since she was under the assumption that divorce was a relatively recent phenomenon.When she located the petition for divorce documents, what reason would be given?

A)marital breakdown
B)adultery
C)physical cruelty
D)irreconcilable differences

Question 66

According to the text, which of the following is NOT true in reference to marriages and cohabitation?

A)Married couples are contractually bound whereas cohabiting couples are not.
B)Cohabiting couples have a large and supportive kinship network whereas married couples are restricted to a smaller network of family members.
C)Marriage is a social institution whereas cohabitation is not.
D)Cohabiting couples face fewer penalties for ending their relationship than do married couples.

Question 67

In which of the following couples is the gender gap in domestic labour likely to be the smallest?

A)a male professor and his high-school-educated wife who stays at home
B)a female professor and her computer-programmer husband
C)a high-school-educated female cab driver and her security guard husband
D)a male auto mechanic and his stenographer wife

Question 68

Which of the following married couples is the most likely to share domestic responsibilities equitably?

A)Bryan, who has an engineering degree and Ricardo, who is a dentist
B)Jyoti, who has a college certificate and Kash, who has a high-school diploma
C)Joanie and Byron, who have high-school diplomas
D)Ricky and Bernice, who have grade 7 and grade 9 educations

Question 69

Tanis and Brad are in love and have just moved into an apartment together but have no interest in getting married.What do we call their situation?

A)friends with benefits
B)civil union
C)alternative marriage
D)cohabitation

Question 70

What was concluded to be the most effective unit of social organization for foraging societies?

A)the nuclear family
B)the extended family
C)the band
D)the married couple

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a definition of marital breakdown as outlined by the 1985 amendment to Canada's Divorce Act?

A)spouses living apart for one year
B)gross addiction to alcohol or other drugs
C)mental or physical cruelty
D)adultery by one of the spouses

Question 72

In nations with high levels of individualism, what is the essential basis for marriage?

A)sexual compatibility
B)high levels of attraction
C)love
D)social compatibility

Question 73

What happened with marriage rates and age at first marriage during the post-World War II years?

A)They began a long-term upward trend.
B)They began a long-term downward trend
C)They experienced a short-term interruption of previous trends.
D)They experienced a continuing downward trend.

Question 74

Based on cross-cultural research and past history, if the abortion laws in Canada were repealed, what would be the most likely outcome?

A)Women would stop having abortions.
B)Women would stop needing abortions.
C)Abortions would be carried out in secret, often dangerous circumstances.
D)Women would travel long distances to places where abortion was legal.

Question 75

What happened with regard to fertility in Canada in the late 1950s?

A)it peaked
B)it dropped
C)it stabilized
D)it increased

Question 76

Friedrich Engels maintained that once men began to build up a concentration of wealth, they became concerned with how to pass that wealth on to their legitimate sons.What did Engels believe to be the only way men could safely pass their wealth on to their sons?

A)by allowing women equal rights at work
B)by controlling their wives sexually and economically
C)by creating egalitarian families
D)by shifting from capitalist to socialist economies

Question 77

Trends in marriage, divorce, and childbearing in Canada show a gradual weakening of the nuclear family form in the second half of the 1800s until the mid-1940s, and then continued weakening after the 1950s.What does this phenomenon imply with regard to the immediate post-World War II period?

A)It is a radical change.
B)It is historically atypical.
C)It is cyclical.
D)It is conservative.

Question 78

Lisbet has done a lot of research and argues with her classmates that gender inequality predates capitalism.Which theoretical perspective are her views in line with?

A)functionalism
B)Marxism
C)feminism
D)postmodernism

Question 79

Swedish children are better off on most measures of well-being than children in the United States.Which of the following is an explanation for the disparity in wellness scores?

A)Swedes pay higher taxes and receive substantial family-related benefits.
B)Americans pay higher taxes but receive few family-related benefits.
C)Swedes have a high abortion rate, so each child is a wanted child.
D)Americans have a higher rate of violence, much of which spills over into children's lives.

Question 80

While there is a gendered division of labour in foraging societies, what else is there evidence of?

A)The gendered division of labour is increasing.
B)The gendered division of labour is disappearing.
C)Men often tend to babies and children.
D)Women are usually the hunters and fishers.