Deck 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death

Question 1

Ageism is the tendency to show favouritism toward older people.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

More Canadians are overweight today than previously.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Biological death and social death can occur at two distinctly different times.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Women tend to be criticized more for their poor performance than for their body size.

Question 5

Population pyramids are graphs that show the percentage of a population in various age cohorts.

Question 6

What does BMI stand for?

A)body model information
B)basic mass inventory
C)body mass index
D)build massiveness indicator

Question 7

Societies in which the oldest citizens rule, earn the highest incomes, and enjoy the most prestige are called gerontocracies.

Question 8

Technology is a proximate determinant of stature in human populations.

Question 9

Disability is a classic example of a socially constructed phenomenon.

Question 10

Rehabilitation involves integrating people with disabilities into "normal" society.

Question 11

H.G.Wells's story of Nuñez is noteworthy because it makes what we consider a disability seem normal.

Question 12

All Canadians born between 1980 and 1989 form an age cohort.

Question 13

The term embodiment is used to reference the physical and spiritual experience of one's existence.

Question 14

In Canada and other highly developed countries, people tend to think that they have no rights over their bodies, a view that feminism strongly supports.

Question 15

The age of cyborgs is fast approaching.

Question 16

In Canada, menopause is seen as a relatively minor matter, while in Japan it is seen as a major life event.

Question 17

North American-born children of immigrants are usually shorter than their parents who were born abroad.

Question 18

Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross discovered that North Americans have trouble accepting death; therefore, she developed a framework to demonstrate the emotions that dying people experience.

Question 19

True gerontocracies are rare.

Question 20

More than 50 percent of men in Canada were overweight as of 2013.

Question 21

When did forced sterilizations of Aboriginal women in Canada occur?

A)1880s-1920s
B)1900s-1940s
C)1910s-1950s
D)1920s-1970s

Question 22

Geraldine is 70 years old.What do sociologists call her age category?

A)the grey boomers
B)gerontolo-youths
C)the young-old
D)the old-old

Question 23

According to the body mass index (BMI), which of the following people would be considered overweight?

A)Joel, whose BMI is 18.5
B)Carrie, with a BMI of 20
C)Chantel, whose BMI registers 22.5
D)Jason, with a BMI of 25

Question 24

What term is used to denote a graph that depicts the percentage of a population in various age and sex groupings?

A)age-sex graph
B)population T-graph
C)population pyramid
D)demographic chart

Question 25

What is ageism?

A)the belief that age is associated with certain psychological, behavioural, and intellectual traits
B)the belief that youth should respect their elders
C)the rejection of authority based on age
D)the widespread cultural fear of aging and death

Question 26

Aalimah has been doing research on the portrayal of seniors in popular culture.She has determined that there is a great deal of prejudice against the elderly in Canada because they are nearly always portrayed as incompetent, unattractive, confused, and in need of someone to take care of them.Which term would she use in her paper to describe this phenomenon?

A)gerontophobia
B)senescence
C)infantilism
D)ageism

Question 27

As men become older, society often considers them powerful and distinguished.However, as women become older, society considers them unintelligent and unattractive.What is this inequitable situation called?

A)double jeopardy
B)age-sex peril
C)double standard
D)ageism-sexism binary

Question 28

Barbara lives in Mexico City.The population of Mexico is very youthful and there are many more young people than middle-aged people and only a handful of elderly.What is the shape of the age-sex population pyramid in Mexico?

A)pyramid
B)muffin
C)rectangle
D)inverted triangle

Question 29

According to the textbook, what was the poverty rate of Canadian seniors in 2000?

A)approximately 7 percent
B)almost 10 percent
C)nearly 13 percent
D)more than 16 percent

Question 30

How many times more likely are women to become centenarians in comparison to men?

A)almost five times
B)almost four times
C)almost three times
D)almost two times

Question 31

What do we call a graph that shows the percentage of the population, by sex, who are in various age groups?

A)a population pyramid
B)an age-sex stratification system
C)a life expectancy index
D)an age-sex histogram

Question 32

Following their sociology of the body class, Agnes asked Jessica to give her an example of an "adapting" activity in a body project enterprise.Which of the following would Jessica utilize?

A)putting on concealer to cover blotchy skin and acne
B)getting a tattoo or piercing in order to fit in with your peers
C)wearing a hearing aid to correct for deafness
D)wearing a wig to hide the effects of chemotherapy

Question 33

If the environment turns impairments into disabilities, which of the following is most likely to occur over the next two decades?

A)The number of people with disabilities will decrease considerably.
B)The number of people with disabilities will increase significantly.
C)The number of people with disabilities will remain stable.
D)The number of people with disabilities will become irrelevant.

Question 34

Over time, what has happened to people's height within nations like Japan and Norway and in North America?

A)People have gotten dramatically shorter.
B)People have gotten a little shorter.
C)People's heights have remained about the same.
D)People have gotten taller.

Question 35

Winona, an Aboriginal woman born in the twentieth century, had six children and was then forced by the Indian Agent to go to Edmonton to undergo surgery.What was her surgery for?

A)lobotomy
B)tonsillitis
C)sterilization
D)caesarean section

Question 36

Which of the following negatively impacts women regarding annual income, education level, likelihood of marriage, and likelihood of poverty?

A)being overweight
B)being underweight
C)being shorter than most women
D)being taller than most women

Question 37

Robert and Lynette met on a popular dating site, where she kept the fact that she was deaf from him.After four months of very intimate computer interactions, they agreed to meet in person.When they met for coffee, Lynette could tell that he was horrified, despite how emotionally close they had gotten.She never heard from him again.What did Robert exemplify by his actions?

A)ableism
B)disableism
C)disability reaction
D)reaction formation

Question 38

When her mother died, Joanne was comforted by the outpouring of support from her friends and colleagues at the funeral.As a result, she felt an even closer and deeper bond with those who had helped her through the stressful days.Which theoretical perspective does Joanne's experience support?

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)feminist
D)symbolic interactionist

Question 39

What do we call the average age to which a group of individuals of the same age can anticipate to live?

A)the life course
B)life expectancy
C)the death course
D)death expectancy

Question 40

What is revealed about the textbook's authors in their assertion that dying and death are the ultimate social problems?

A)their fear of death
B)their lack of knowledge about the processes of dying
C)their denial of death as liberating
D)their cultural biases

Question 41

What term is used to denote the practice of shaping one's body in order to meet societal definitions of health and beauty, all the while expressing one's identity?

A)body art
B)body augmentation
C)body design
D)body project

Question 42

The provision of sheltered workshops for people with varying mental impairments to work in was one result of which of the following movements?

A)eugenics
B)rehabilitation
C)normalization
D)intervention

Question 43

What do the profiles of the elderly people in the textbook demonstrate about old age today?

A)Older people are vibrant, healthy, and engaged.
B)Older people are lonely, depressed, and shut in.
C)Older people are bored, bitter, and alienated.
D)Older people are overworked, exhausted, and resigned.

Question 44

Deanna has been visiting her mother every week in the nursing home for 3 years, but the last two months have been especially hard.Due to Alzheimer's, her mother does not know who Deanna is, and Deanna leaves each visit sobbing.What is Deanna experiencing?

A)She is grieving the inevitable physical death of her mother.
B)She is overwhelmed by the loss of her childhood memories.
C)She is experiencing the social death of her mother.
D)She is upset that her mother has to suffer with Alzheimer's.

Question 45

Why does higher income translate to more height in populations?

A)because people can afford to buy devices that make them appear taller
B)because people can afford to buy drugs that include growth hormones
C)because expensive modern-day food has steroids and growth hormones in it
D)because people can afford to buy food with better nutritional properties

Question 46

Ari lives in Canada.He learned in his sociology class that the population of Canada is aging rapidly.Predictions are that the large number of baby boomers, because they are healthy, will live on into old age.Also, Canadians have not been having many children over the past two decades, a trend that is predicted to continue.If these trends continue, what is the predicted shape for the age-sex population graph for Canada 30 years from now?

A)a pyramid
B)a T
C)a rectangle
D)an inverted triangle

Question 47

After the death of her husband, 67-year-old Shirley was required to get a job in order to pay her monthly bills.At a job interview, Shirley was told she should be retired and not looking for work.What has Shirley experienced?

A)prejudice
B)mandatory retirement
C)reverse discrimination
D)ageism

Question 48

People with disabilities are more likely to be poor than are other Canadians.According to the textbook, what do many researchers believe?

A)Less than 20 percent of the wage gap can be credited to discrimination against people with disabilities.
B)Nearly 30 percent of the wage gap can be credited to discrimination against people with disabilities.
C)Approximately 40 percent of the wage gap can be credited to discrimination against people with disabilities.
D)As much as 50 percent of the wage gap can be credited to discrimination against people with disabilities.

Question 49

According to the textbook, what percentage of the Canadian adult population self-identify as having a disability?

A)fewer than 5 percent
B)approximately 9 percent
C)nearly 13 percent
D)more than 15 percent

Question 50

Twenty-year-old Robert believes that all senior citizens are intellectually inferior.What is Robert guilty of?

A)age grading
B)attribution fallacy
C)ageism
D)reverse discrimination

Question 51

According to the textbook, what is the most common health condition for centenarians in Ontario?

A)arthritis
B)dementia
C)heart disease
D)diabetes

Question 52

Hazel knows that all of the women born in the same year as her can expect to live to be about 80 years old.What does Hazel have knowledge of?

A)life expectancy
B)death expectancy
C)the life course
D)the death course

Question 53

According to the text, which country has the highest percentage of seniors in its population?

A)Japan
B)Germany
C)Canada
D)Italy

Question 54

What do we call a society that bestows power and prestige on its oldest members and is ruled by them?

A)seniority model
B)elder reign
C)gerontocracy
D)senilia principalia

Question 55

Which of the following countries has the greatest percentage of adults who are overweight?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Sweden
D)Japan

Question 56

Building a restaurant with narrow doors into the washrooms is an example of which of the following?

A)disability
B)prejudice
C)ableism
D)normalization

Question 57

Why is the population of elderly people rising in industrialized societies like Canada?

A)because population growth has increased
B)because fertility rates have been declining
C)because medical advances have slowed
D)because life expectancy has reached the highest point of the human life span

Question 58

What is significant in Canada about the age of 65?

A)It is the age at which people must retire from their jobs.
B)It is the age at which people may begin receiving Old Age Security benefits.
C)It is the age at which most people start to experience physical health declines.
D)It is the age at which most people begin second careers or self-employment.

Question 59

How do the women painted in the seventeenth century by the famous artist Peter Paul Rubens compare with today's ideal standards of beauty?

A)They were taller then than today's ideal.
B)They were shorter then than today's ideal.
C)They were more flat-chested then than today's ideal.
D)They were fatter then than today's ideal.

Question 60

Why is it likely that senior citizens will have greater political power in the future?

A)they will be the same age as the politicians
B)they will be stronger advocates for their rights
C)they will use collective action groups to their advantage
D)they will increase in number relative to the rest of the population

Question 61

Morgan was diagnosed with inoperable colon cancer and told he had probably six months left to live.Two months after the diagnosis, Morgan begins to write letters to his children and old friends, telling them all the things he feels he should have said but didn't.According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, what emotion is he most likely experiencing?

A)anger
B)acceptance
C)negotiation
D)depression

Question 62

Which of the following is the issue that right-to-life and right-to-die groups are embattled in?

A)Should humans have control over their own bodies?
B)Do people have the right to determine when to die?
C)Is it permissible to kill in order to prolong life?
D)Who decides what happens to a person neither fully alive nor fully dead?

Question 63

Nancy drove her car to the grocery store this morning and overhead a group of young people laughing and making nasty remarks that she was a danger to society because she was too old to be driving.What has Nancy just experienced?

A)ageism
B)senior chauvinism
C)the double standard
D)age stratification

Question 64

In 2011, approximately what percentage of the Canadian population was 65 years of age or older?

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)15 percent
D)20 percent

Question 65

Jessica was asked by the professor to give an example of "extending" during a discussion of a body project.Which of the following would Jessica give?

A)putting on makeup
B)getting a tattoo or piercing
C)losing weight
D)wearing glasses

Question 66

According to the textbook, why is the body a sociological wonder?

A)because it is a reflection of who people are inside
B)because different aspects of our physicality mean different things in different places in different times
C)because it is the main way in which humans in all cultures perceive and comprehend the world around them
D)because it is the key filter through which humans make sense of the social world

Question 67

What do we call the type of impairment that keeps a person from being able to perform within the range of "normal" human activity?

A)impediment
B)disability
C)injury
D)immobilization

Question 68

What do we call a category of people who are all born within the same range of years?

A)a peer group
B)an age cohort
C)an age-graded cluster
D)a census generation

Question 69

Marcus has joined a group that is calling for individuals who are tested and found to be mentally deficient to have vasectomies or hysterectomies.What is Marcus in favour of?

A)eugenics
B)planned parenthood
C)proactive population control
D)designer babies

Question 70

According to the textbook, what percentage of Canadian seniors live in health care facilities or senior citizens' residences?

A)fewer than 8 percent
B)approximately 11 percent
C)nearly 14 percent
D)more than 17 percent

Question 71

In the TV show Nip/Tuck, plastic surgeons ask prospective patients to disclose what they do not like about themselves.Why is this line of questioning sociologically significant?

A)because it forces the realization that people who opt for plastic surgery do not like how they look
B)because doctors are normally trained to ask questions that are worded more positively
C)because the question implies that our bodily representations are who we are
D)because it assumes that all people are dissatisfied with their bodies

Question 72

According to the textbook, what percentage of Canadians over the age of 65 live independently?

A)fewer than 75 percent
B)approximately 80 percent
C)almost 85 percent
D)more than 90 percent

Question 73

Based on research discussed in the textbook, who will have the greatest income?

A)Lewis, who is a 5'11" immigrant lawyer
B)Taylor, who is a 6'5" black lawyer
C)Athena, who is a 5'9" white lawyer
D)Sage, who is a 6'0" black lawyer

Question 74

Based on the research reported in the textbook, which of the following people of equal height is considered "taller"?

A)the restaurant busboy
B)the firefighter
C)the office manager
D)the theatre ticket taker

Question 75

Jim is afraid of getting old because, although he feels young and is very active, he knows there are many negative stereotypes about older people.What is Jim fearful of experiencing?

A)gerontocracy
B)ageism
C)senior chauvinism
D)age stratification

Question 76

In a very poor nation, which of the following body types is likely to have the highest status?

A)the shortest
B)the tallest
C)the thinnest
D)the fattest

Question 77

What is demonstrated when architecture and urban planning do not provide access for people in scooters and wheelchairs to get around?

A)neglect
B)active prejudice
C)individual discrimination
D)ideological ableism

Question 78

Which of the following countries has the lowest percentage of overweight people in the adult population?

A)United States
B)Sweden
C)Japan
D)Canada

Question 79

Colin lives in Canada.The population of Canada is aging, with a small number of elderly, a large number of middle-aged baby boomers, and a relatively small number of children.What is the shape of the age-sex population graph in Canada?

A)pyramid
B)muffin
C)rectangle
D)inverted triangle

Question 80

New income security programs were introduced by the government to address the poverty rates among seniors.When they began in the 1970s, what was the senior poverty rate?

A)approximately 15 percent
B)almost 20 percent
C)about 25 percent
D)more than 40 percent