Deck 18: Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data

Question 1

Which of the following best explains how to interpret the test statistic for the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T?

A)The test statistic is interpreted the same as that for the related samples t-test.
B)The larger the value of T,the more likely we are to reject the null hypothesis.
C)The smaller the value of T,the more likely we are to reject the null hypothesis.
D)We reject the null hypothesis when T is less than .05.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A researcher computes the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test.She computes T = 68 using a sample of 24 participants.What is the decision for a two-tailed test at a .05 level of significance?

A)Retain the null hypothesis.
B)Reject the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Tests for ordinal data can ________ the power to detect an effect when data are skewed.

A)decrease
B)increase
C)have no effect on
D)categorize

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test is used as a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

A)one-sample t-test
B)two-independent sample t-test
C)related samples t-test
D)both A and C

Question 5

A researcher computes a one-sample sign test in which the number of pluses is 8,the number of minuses is 2,and the number of scores equal to the median is 1.The test statistic (x)for the sign test is equal to

A)1
B)2
C)8
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how to find the test statistic for the one-sample sign test?

A)Scores above the median are assigned a plus sign (+);scores below the median are assigned a negative sign (-);the test statistic is the number of pluses or minuses,whichever occurs most often.
B)Scores are correlated as either positive (+)or negative (-);the test statistic is the extent to which scores are positively or negatively correlated.
C)Scores are coded as being consistent (+)or inconsistent (-)with the null hypothesis;the test statistic is the number of pluses or minuses,whichever occurs most often.
D)The variability of scores is compared with the variance stated by the null hypothesis;larger variability is considered a sign that the data are significant.

Question 7

A researcher finds that the number of scores above the median is 11 and the number of scores below the median is 5 using a sample of 16 participants.Based on these data,what is the decision for a one-sample sign test at a .05 level of significance?

A)Retain the null hypothesis.
B)Reject the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 8

The test statistic (x)for the sign test is equal to

A)variability attributed to the groups divided by variability attributed to error
B)the number of pluses or minuses,whichever occurs most often
C)the number of scores that are less than or equal to the median value
D)the number of positive scores divided by the number of negative scores

Question 9

Tests for ordinal data meaningfully convey information regarding ________.

A)variance
B)differences
C)both A and B

Question 10

Tests for ordinal data

A)are nonparametric tests
B)do not measure variance to test for significance
C)minimize problems associated with having outliers in a data set
D)all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following gives the best explanation for why it would be advantageous to convert the following scores to ordinal data?

A)Because the data are normally distributed.
B)Because the data are split into two groups.
C)Because there is an outlier in the data for Group 2.
D)Because parametric tests are always preferred to nonparametric tests.

Question 12

A researcher computes a related samples sign test in which the number of positive ranks is 9 and the number of negative ranks is 3.The test statistic (x)is equal to

A)3
B)9
C)12
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 13

A researcher computes the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test.She finds that the sum of positive ranks is 56 and the sum of negative ranks is 22.What is the value of the test statistic,T?

A)22
B)34
C)56
D)78

Question 14

Which of the following is not a step to average tied ranks?

A)Compute the mean of the tied ranks.
B)Assume the ranks are in order.
C)Rank each score by its effect size.
D)Shift the remaining ranks accordingly.

Question 15

Each of the following is an appropriate test for ordinal data,except

A)the Mann-Whitney U test
B)the chi-square goodness-of-fit test
C)the one-sample sign test
D)the Friedman test

Question 16

For the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T,when T is less than the critical value,we decide to

A)retain the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)not enough information

Question 17

Which of the following scales of measurement are analyzed using a nonparametric test?

A)interval and ratio data
B)ordinal and interval data
C)nominal and ordinal data
D)ordinal and ratio data

Question 18

The key advantage of measuring ranked data is that it minimizes ________ caused by outliers.

A)significance
B)effect size
C)variability
D)all of the above

Question 19

The sign test is used as a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

A)one-sample t-test
B)two-independent sample t-test
C)related samples t-test
D)both A and C

Question 20

A researcher finds that the number of positive ranks is 13 and the number of negative ranks is 4 using a sample of 17 participants.Based on these data,what is the decision for a related samples sign test at a .05 level of significance?

A)Retain the null hypothesis.
B)Reject the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 21

What is the null hypothesis for a Mann-Whitney U test?

A)The number of scores above and below the median are equal.
B)The ranks in two groups are equally dispersed.
C)The mean differences between two groups are equal.
D)The ranks in two groups are equal to 0.

Question 22

When the null hypothesis is true and n is greater than or equal to 5 per group,the test statistic for the Friedman test is associated with ________ degrees of freedom.

A)no
B)n ñ 1
C)k ñ 1
D).05

Question 23

The Kruskal-Wallis H test is used as a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

A)related samples t-test
B)two-independent sample t-test
C)one-way between-subjects ANOVA
D)one-way within-subjects ANOVA

Question 24

What is the null hypothesis for a Kruskal-Wallis HH test?

A)The number of scores above and below the median are equal.
B)The median differences between two groups are equal.
C)The sum of ranks in each group does not differ between groups.
D)The ranks in two groups are equal to 0.

Question 25

A professor ranks the grades of students in each of three sections of a statistics course.He computes H = 6.83 for the Kruskal-Wallis H test to test for differences between the sections.What is the decision for this test?

A)Retain the null hypothesis.
B)Reject the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 26

The test statistic for the Friedman test is largest when

A)the ranks for each participant are consistent across groups
B)the mean difference between groups is largest
C)the ranks for each participant are not consistent across groups
D)the value of the test statistic is less than or equal to .05

Question 27

When the null hypothesis is true and n is greater than or equal to 5 per group,the test statistic for the Friedman test is approximately distributed as a

A)t-distribution
B)F-distribution
C)normal distribution
D)chi-square distribution

Question 28

The Friedman test is used as a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

A)related samples t-test
B)two-independent sample t-test
C)one-way between-subjects ANOVA
D)one-way within-subjects ANOVA

Question 29

To compute the test statistic for the Mann-Whitney U test,we sum the ranks in two groups.The test statistic is

A)the larger total
B)the smaller total
C)the average of the two totals
D)the product of the two totals

Question 30

A researcher computes
= 17 and
= 38.What is the value of the test statistic for a Mann-Whitney U test?

A)17
B)38
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 31

Each of the following hypothesis tests has a normal approximation formula,except for the

A)Mann-Whitney U test
B)related samples sign test
C)Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test
D)Friedman test

Question 32

Which of the following nonparametric tests can be computed using a normal appropriation formula?

A)related samples sign test
B)Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test
C)Mann-Whitney U test
D)all of the above

Question 33

A researcher compares the ranks in four groups and computes H = 6.55 for the Kruskal-Wallis H test.What is the decision for this test?

A)Retain the null hypothesis.
B)Reject the null hypothesis.
C)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 34

For the Friedman test,when
Is less than the critical value,we decide to

A)retain the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)not enough information

Question 35

The Friedman test compares differences in the sum of ranks in two or more ________ groups.

A)independent
B)related
C)significant
D)mature

Question 36

Which of the following dispersions of scores for three groups (A,B,and C)best illustrates the null hypothesis for a Kruskal-Wallis H test?

A)The number of scores above and below the median are equal.
B)The mean differences between two groups are equal.
C)The sum of ranks in each group does not differ between groups.
D)The ranks in two groups are equal to 0.

Question 37

Which of the following dispersions of scores for two groups,A and B,best illustrates the null hypothesis for a Mann-Whitney U test?

A)A,B,A,B,A,B,A,B
B)A,A,B,B,A,B,B,A
C)B,A,B,A,A,B,A,B
D)A,A,A,A,B,B,B,B

Question 38

For the Mann-Whitney U test,we reject the null hypothesis when

A)values of U are greater than or equal to the critical value
B)values of U are less than or equal to .05
C)values of U are less than or equal to the critical value
D)values of U are closer to ±1.0

Question 39

We compare the test statistic of a Kruskal-Wallis H test to the critical value given in the table for which hypothesis test?

A)the analysis of variance
B)the t-test
C)the chi-square test
D)the Pearson correlation

Question 40

The Mann-Whitney U test is used as a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

A)one-sample t-test
B)two-independent sample t-test
C)related samples t-test
D)both A and C

Question 41

Nonparametric tests are associated with less power to detect an effect when the data are skewed in the population.

Question 42

For a Mann-Whitney U test,the more lopsided the dispersion of scores between groups,the more likely we are to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 43

When the null hypothesis is true and n is greater than or equal to 5 per group,the test statistic H is approximately distributed as a chi-square distribution.

Question 44

For a two-sample sign test,count the number of positive and negative difference scores.The larger number is the test statistic.

Question 45

When the test statistic for the Friedman test is equal to or smaller than the critical value,we reject the null hypothesis.

Question 46

Ordinal data indicate that one score is larger or smaller than another.

Question 47

Nonparametric tests are used when the measured data are on an ordinal scale of measurement.

Question 48

The null hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is that scores above and below the median are equal.

Question 49

When the null hypothesis is true and n is greater than or equal to 5 per group,the test statistic
is approximately distributed as a chi-square distribution.

Question 50

The Wilcoxon signed-ranks T is a statistical procedure used to determine whether the total ranks in two related groups are significantly different.

Question 51

For a Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test,we decide to reject the null hypothesis when T is larger than the critical value.

Question 52

Tests for ordinal data are regarded as nonparametric tests.

Question 53

When the test statistic for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is equal to or smaller than the critical value,we reject the null hypothesis.

Question 54

The Mann-Whitney U is a statistical procedure used to determine whether the dispersion of ranks in two or more independent groups is equal.

Question 55

The one-sample sign test can be used for ordinal data in place of the one-sample t-test.

Question 56

A researcher computes Wilcoxon T = 12 and finds that this value is larger than the critical value.The decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 57

Variance can't be used to analyze ordinal scale data,because these data do not meaningfully convey distance.

Question 58

The sign test can be used as an alternative to the one-sample t-test and the two-independent sample t-test.

Question 59

The null hypothesis for the Friedman test is that the sum of ranks in each group does not differ between groups.

Question 60

When the test statistic for the Mann-Whitney U test is equal to or smaller than the critical value,we reject the null hypothesis.